天津市“十一五”期間視力殘疾調(diào)研報(bào)告及助視器康復(fù)效果評(píng)估
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-22 09:41
【摘要】：目的 調(diào)查“十一五”期間天津市進(jìn)行視力殘疾鑒定患者的基本情況、等級(jí)分布及主要致殘?jiān)?并對(duì)有殘余視力的部分視殘患者進(jìn)行助視器康復(fù)效果評(píng)估。 方法 本課題分為兩部分。第一部分：收集2006年1月至2010年12月天津市進(jìn)行視殘鑒定并明確診斷的視殘患者15834例。記錄患者個(gè)人情況及眼部情況,根據(jù)第二次全國(guó)殘疾人抽樣調(diào)查視殘分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)患者進(jìn)行分級(jí)并明確致殘?jiān)�。不同致殘�(jiān)�、不同年齡、性別、地區(qū)、文化程度及家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)收入組間,盲和低視力頻數(shù)分布的差異進(jìn)行x：檢驗(yàn)。采用二分類Logistic回歸分析來篩選視力殘疾的相關(guān)因素。 第二部分：對(duì)有殘余視力的部分視殘患者283名,9-79歲,按視力殘疾的程度分為盲和低視力兩組。分別比較應(yīng)用單筒手持式望遠(yuǎn)鏡及眼鏡式遠(yuǎn)用望遠(yuǎn)鏡前后遠(yuǎn)視力及其脫殘率和應(yīng)用帶光源手持放大鏡、近用眼鏡式助視器及電子助視器后閱讀成功率的差異。應(yīng)用助視器前后遠(yuǎn)視力康復(fù)效果采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn),兩種遠(yuǎn)用助視器脫殘率及三種近用助視器閱讀成功率的差異采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。 結(jié)果 1、15834例視殘患者中,男性、市區(qū)、較高年齡、較低文化程度及低家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)收入者所占比例較大(P0.001)。 2、15834名視殘患者中盲6598例(41.67%),其中一級(jí)5015例(31.67%),二級(jí)1583例(10.00%)；低視力9236例(58.33%),其中三級(jí)1713例(10.82%),四級(jí)7523例(47.51%)。 3、白內(nèi)障5196例(32.82%)依然為首要致殘病因,其中盲32.98%,低視力32.70%。除白內(nèi)障外,盲與低視力主要致病原因的構(gòu)成不同(x2=38.33,P0.001)。致盲病因主要為視網(wǎng)膜、葡萄膜病變(15.40%)、角膜病(13.78%),而低視力病因主要為屈光不正／弱視(18.32%)、視網(wǎng)膜、葡萄膜病變(17.37%)。 4、盲目組和低視力組應(yīng)用手持式望遠(yuǎn)鏡及眼鏡式遠(yuǎn)用望遠(yuǎn)鏡后遠(yuǎn)視力均有所提高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05,P0.05)。 5、盲目組和低視力組應(yīng)用單筒手持式望遠(yuǎn)鏡及眼鏡式遠(yuǎn)用望遠(yuǎn)鏡后脫殘率均無差異(P=0.823,P=0.899)。兩組應(yīng)用電子助視器閱讀成功率均高于帶光源手持放大鏡及近用眼鏡式助視器(x2=6.918,P=0.031)、(x2=17.145,P0.01)。 結(jié)論 1、天津市“十一五”期間視力殘疾的發(fā)病與多種因素相關(guān),高齡、市區(qū)及低文化程度為致盲危險(xiǎn)因素。 2、白內(nèi)障仍是首要致殘?jiān)�。我們�(cè)诘鸵暳Ψ乐畏矫婷媾R巨大挑戰(zhàn)和任務(wù),低視力康復(fù)工作的廣泛開展刻不容緩。 3、助視器能幫助視力殘疾患者有效利用其殘余視力,視覺康復(fù)效果顯著,應(yīng)在視殘患者中加強(qiáng)宣傳及推廣普及。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the basic situation, grade distribution and main causes of visual disability identification in Tianjin during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, and to evaluate the rehabilitation effect of visual aids for some patients with visual disability with residual visual acuity. Methods this subject is divided into two parts. Part one: 15834 patients with visual disability were collected from January 2006 to December 2010 in Tianjin. According to the second National sample Survey of the disabled, the patients were classified and the causes of disability were determined. The differences of frequency distribution of blindness and low vision among different disability causes, age, sex, region, education level and family income were tested by x: test. Two-classification Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the related factors of visual disability. Part two: 283 patients aged 9-79 with partial visual impairment with residual vision were divided into blind and low vision groups according to the degree of visual disability. The visual acuity and dedisability rate before and after the use of single-tube hand-held telescopes and spectacle telescopes were compared, and the reading success rates of hand-held magnifying glasses with light source, near-use spectacle aids and electronic visual aids were compared respectively. The rehabilitation effect of far vision before and after using visual aids was matched t test, and the difference between two kinds of remote visual aids and the reading success rate of three kinds of low vision aids was analyzed by 蠂 2 test. Results (1) among 15834 patients with visual disability, male, urban area, higher age, lower education level and low family income accounted for a larger proportion (P0.001). 6598 (41.67%) of 15834 patients with visual disability were blind, among which 5015 (31.67%) were first-grade and 1583 (10.00%) second-grade; 9236 cases (58.33%) had low visual acuity, of which 1713 cases (10.82%) were third grade, 7523 cases (47.51%) were grade four, and 5196 cases (32.82%) were cataract. The primary cause of disability was blindness (32.98%) and low vision (32.70%). With the exception of cataract, the main causes of blindness and low vision were different (x 2o 38.3 P 0.001). The main causes of blindness were retina, uveal lesion (15.40%), keratopathy (13.78%), and low vision (18.32%). Uveal lesions (17.37%). 4. The far visual acuity of the blind group and the low vision group were improved after the use of hand-held telescope and spectacle telescope. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). 5. There was no significant difference between blind group and low vision group (P < 0. 823). There was no significant difference between blind group and low vision group (P < 0. 823, P < 0. 899). The reading success rate of the two groups was higher than that of the hand-held magnifying glass with light source and the near-use spectacle type low vision aid (x2o6.918), (x 17.145), (P0.01). Conclusion 1. The incidence of visual disability in Tianjin during the 11th Five-Year Plan period is related to many factors. Advanced age, urban area and low education level are the risk factors of blindness. 2. Cataract is still the leading cause of disability. We face great challenges and tasks in the prevention and treatment of low vision. The extensive development of rehabilitation of low vision is urgent. 3. Visual aids can help the patients with visual impairment make effective use of their residual visual acuity, and the effect of visual rehabilitation is remarkable. Publicity and popularization should be strengthened among patients with visual disability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：R774.1
本文編號(hào)：2286802
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the basic situation, grade distribution and main causes of visual disability identification in Tianjin during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, and to evaluate the rehabilitation effect of visual aids for some patients with visual disability with residual visual acuity. Methods this subject is divided into two parts. Part one: 15834 patients with visual disability were collected from January 2006 to December 2010 in Tianjin. According to the second National sample Survey of the disabled, the patients were classified and the causes of disability were determined. The differences of frequency distribution of blindness and low vision among different disability causes, age, sex, region, education level and family income were tested by x: test. Two-classification Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the related factors of visual disability. Part two: 283 patients aged 9-79 with partial visual impairment with residual vision were divided into blind and low vision groups according to the degree of visual disability. The visual acuity and dedisability rate before and after the use of single-tube hand-held telescopes and spectacle telescopes were compared, and the reading success rates of hand-held magnifying glasses with light source, near-use spectacle aids and electronic visual aids were compared respectively. The rehabilitation effect of far vision before and after using visual aids was matched t test, and the difference between two kinds of remote visual aids and the reading success rate of three kinds of low vision aids was analyzed by 蠂 2 test. Results (1) among 15834 patients with visual disability, male, urban area, higher age, lower education level and low family income accounted for a larger proportion (P0.001). 6598 (41.67%) of 15834 patients with visual disability were blind, among which 5015 (31.67%) were first-grade and 1583 (10.00%) second-grade; 9236 cases (58.33%) had low visual acuity, of which 1713 cases (10.82%) were third grade, 7523 cases (47.51%) were grade four, and 5196 cases (32.82%) were cataract. The primary cause of disability was blindness (32.98%) and low vision (32.70%). With the exception of cataract, the main causes of blindness and low vision were different (x 2o 38.3 P 0.001). The main causes of blindness were retina, uveal lesion (15.40%), keratopathy (13.78%), and low vision (18.32%). Uveal lesions (17.37%). 4. The far visual acuity of the blind group and the low vision group were improved after the use of hand-held telescope and spectacle telescope. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). 5. There was no significant difference between blind group and low vision group (P < 0. 823). There was no significant difference between blind group and low vision group (P < 0. 823, P < 0. 899). The reading success rate of the two groups was higher than that of the hand-held magnifying glass with light source and the near-use spectacle type low vision aid (x2o6.918), (x 17.145), (P0.01). Conclusion 1. The incidence of visual disability in Tianjin during the 11th Five-Year Plan period is related to many factors. Advanced age, urban area and low education level are the risk factors of blindness. 2. Cataract is still the leading cause of disability. We face great challenges and tasks in the prevention and treatment of low vision. The extensive development of rehabilitation of low vision is urgent. 3. Visual aids can help the patients with visual impairment make effective use of their residual visual acuity, and the effect of visual rehabilitation is remarkable. Publicity and popularization should be strengthened among patients with visual disability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：R774.1
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