本文選題：初張力 + 單軸拉伸實驗�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：眼球運動建模研究有助于一些眼疾的臨床診斷和治療,比如斜視、眩暈、眼震等。眼外肌控制眼球的運動,是眼球運動建模必不可少的要素。人體解剖發(fā)現(xiàn)人眼組織包含6條眼外肌,分別是外直肌、內(nèi)直肌、上直肌、下直肌、上斜肌和下斜肌。本文的主要目的是研究眼外肌的力學(xué)行為并建立與之相關(guān)的眼球運動模型,采取的研究手段主要包括數(shù)學(xué)力學(xué)建模、動物實驗測試、數(shù)值模擬等,研究內(nèi)容主要是：推算第一眼位時眼外肌的初張力；哺乳動物眼外肌被動拉伸實驗研究；眼球運動建模研究。 第一眼位往往作為眼球運動模型的初始位置,眼球懸停在第一眼位的力學(xué)平衡依賴于6條眼外肌的貢獻(xiàn),這6條眼外肌在第一眼位的施力情況是眼球運動建模首要解決的問題。文中收集了包括眼外肌系統(tǒng)的幾何坐標(biāo)參數(shù)和經(jīng)典的人眼外肌被動拉伸實驗數(shù)據(jù)等方面的文獻(xiàn)內(nèi)容,利用力學(xué)平衡原理和數(shù)學(xué)優(yōu)化的手段,推算出6條眼外肌控制眼球懸停于第一眼位的力。推算模型的建立考慮了近年眼科研究流行的觀點,眼球運動主要依靠自身系統(tǒng)的機械作用而非神經(jīng)作用,因而在建模過程中有意識地弱化了神經(jīng)支配方面的影響。 用離體實驗的手段,分析了哺乳動物的眼外肌被動力學(xué)行為。選用狐眼外肌為試驗試件,因狐眼位置與人眼位置類似,均長在臉的正前方。從當(dāng)?shù)氐酿B(yǎng)殖基地收集到一定數(shù)量的眼外肌試件,在實驗室環(huán)境下對各試件行單軸拉伸實驗測定眼外肌的被動力學(xué)性能,之后用Ogden超彈性模型分析相應(yīng)的實驗數(shù)據(jù)。將分析所得的眼外肌超彈性參數(shù)的平均值作為數(shù)值建模研究的模擬輸入?yún)?shù),建立了相應(yīng)的眼外肌被動拉伸的有限元模型,以驗證有限元建模方法的有效性。與實驗結(jié)果相比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)分析結(jié)果的誤差與模擬結(jié)果的誤差之間沒有統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。另外,用相同的實驗方法進(jìn)一步研究了三種不同眼位哺乳動物(狐、豬、羊)的眼外肌被動力學(xué)行為之間的差異。 根據(jù)前人提出的有關(guān)眼外肌滑車組織的主動滑車假說,用數(shù)學(xué)力學(xué)建模的辦法建立了眼球運動的主動滑車模型。因解剖的難度,至今未見有關(guān)眼外肌主動力學(xué)行為方面的詳細(xì)的實驗數(shù)據(jù)報道,在建模的過程中,將優(yōu)化方法補充到力學(xué)平衡方程中求解眼外肌控制眼球運動的力。之后,與無滑車的眼球運動模型對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)在眼球大幅內(nèi)旋運動時主動滑車能夠維持內(nèi)直肌的力學(xué)優(yōu)勢,驗證了現(xiàn)代眼球運動理論認(rèn)為眼外肌滑車是眼外肌的功能性起點的觀點。
[Abstract]:The study of eye movement modeling is helpful for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of some eye diseases, such as strabismus, vertigo and nystagmus. The extraocular muscle controls eye movement, which is an essential element of eye movement modeling. Human anatomy revealed that there were 6 extraocular muscles in the human eye, namely, the external rectus, the medial rectus, the superior rectus, the inferior rectus, the superior oblique and the inferior oblique. The main purpose of this paper is to study the mechanical behavior of the extraocular muscles and to establish the related eye movement models. The research methods mainly include mathematical mechanical modeling, animal experimental testing, numerical simulation and so on. The main contents of this study are as follows: the initial tension of the extraocular muscle in the first eye position; the experimental study on the passive stretching of the extraocular muscle in mammals; and the modeling of eye movement. The first eye position is often used as the initial position of the eye movement model. The mechanical balance of the eye hovering in the first eye position depends on the contribution of the six extraocular muscles. The force of the six extraocular muscles in the first eye position is the most important problem to solve in the eye movement modeling. In this paper, the geometrical coordinate parameters of the extraocular muscle system and the classical experimental data of the passive stretching of the extraocular muscle are collected. The principle of mechanical balance and the means of mathematical optimization are used. The force of 6 extraocular muscles to control the eye hovering at the first eye position was calculated. The establishment of the model takes into account the popular viewpoint of ophthalmology research in recent years. Eye movement mainly depends on the mechanical action of its own system rather than on the role of nerve, so the influence of innervation is attenuated consciously in the process of modeling. The dynamic behavior of extraocular muscle in mammals was analyzed in vitro. The external muscle of fox eye was chosen as the test specimen. Because the position of fox eye was similar to that of human eye, it was long in front of face. A certain number of extraocular muscle specimens were collected from the local breeding base. The passive mechanical properties of the extraocular muscles were measured by uniaxial tensile tests in laboratory environment. The corresponding experimental data were analyzed by Ogden hyperelastic model. The average value of superelastic parameters of extraocular muscles is taken as the input parameters of numerical modeling, and the corresponding finite element model of passive stretch of extraocular muscles is established to verify the validity of the finite element modeling method. Compared with the experimental results, it is found that there is no statistical difference between the errors of the analysis results and the simulation results. In addition, the difference of the dynamic behavior of the extraocular muscle in three different eye position mammals (fox, pig, sheep) was studied with the same experimental method. According to the hypothesis of active pulley about the extraocular muscle trochlear tissue, the active pulley model of eye movement was established by mathematical mechanics modeling. Due to the difficulty of anatomy, no detailed experimental data on the main dynamic behavior of the extraocular muscle have been reported. In the process of modeling, the optimization method is added to the mechanical balance equation to solve the force of the extraocular muscle to control the eye movement. Then, compared with the model of eye movement without trochlear, it was found that the active trochlear could maintain the mechanical superiority of the medial rectus when the eyeball was in large internal rotation. The conclusion that the pulsatile of extraocular muscle is the functional starting point of extraocular muscle is verified in modern eye movement theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R779.6

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本文編號：2011679