【摘要】：在妊娠的不同時(shí)間段內(nèi)，孕婦做何種方式的運(yùn)動(dòng)、多大的運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、多長(zhǎng)的持續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間對(duì)胎兒的發(fā)育和孕婦的健康是最佳的？在世界范圍內(nèi)，至今還沒(méi)有一個(gè)以基礎(chǔ)研究做基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)指導(dǎo)原則。前庭感覺(jué)是胚胎發(fā)育過(guò)程中較早形成的感覺(jué)，僅次于觸覺(jué)，其發(fā)育的遲緩或缺如可嚴(yán)重影響視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)的發(fā)育。如導(dǎo)致前庭-眼反射障礙，影響將來(lái)的閱讀能力等。在長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)化過(guò)程中，運(yùn)動(dòng)和環(huán)境已成為胚胎發(fā)育和生后發(fā)育必不可少的刺激誘導(dǎo)因素。由于現(xiàn)代人運(yùn)動(dòng)方式發(fā)生改變、運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)度降低，尤其在胚胎發(fā)育期，導(dǎo)致運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)的基因并未按程序進(jìn)行充分的表達(dá)，造成發(fā)育不足、運(yùn)動(dòng)能力下降。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道，對(duì)孕婦的跳舞訓(xùn)練能提高子體的運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)能力，，這表明在胚胎發(fā)育期適度地增加運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)對(duì)前庭系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育具有一定的促進(jìn)作用。那么這種運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)的時(shí)機(jī)、強(qiáng)度、持續(xù)時(shí)間，以及促進(jìn)發(fā)育的機(jī)制，都是亟待深入研究的課題。 本論文擬以妊娠小鼠為對(duì)象，在不同妊娠期內(nèi)給予小強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)，用EdU標(biāo)記的方法觀察胎鼠前庭感覺(jué)上皮細(xì)胞發(fā)育狀況；用行為學(xué)方法檢測(cè)子鼠出生后的前庭功能和對(duì)高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練的習(xí)服能力；以免疫組化方法檢測(cè)子鼠出生當(dāng)天的前庭器官的傳出神經(jīng)支配。通過(guò)這些研究以期確定妊娠期的運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)是否能提高子鼠的前庭功能和對(duì)高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練的習(xí)服能力？是否存在一個(gè)關(guān)鍵期？子鼠前庭功能的的提高是否與前庭感覺(jué)上皮細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)支配發(fā)育較早有關(guān)？經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)得到如下結(jié)果： 1.各組每窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)、窩平均體重、張耳和睜眼天數(shù)之間沒(méi)有顯著差異； 2. E10-E15組平面翻正反射達(dá)標(biāo)率顯著高于其他各組； 3. PD13和PD14天E10-E15組子鼠空中翻正反射平均得分明顯高于對(duì)照組，且差異顯著； 4.在抗運(yùn)動(dòng)病能力實(shí)驗(yàn)中，自主活動(dòng)站立次數(shù)對(duì)照組一直低于各旋轉(zhuǎn)訓(xùn)練組，且在一天測(cè)試天內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)顯著性差異，其他測(cè)試指標(biāo)如糞便粒數(shù)、自主活動(dòng)次數(shù)、糖精水各組之間沒(méi)有差異。 5．EdU標(biāo)記方法得出實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組的球囊和橢圓囊感覺(jué)上皮細(xì)胞的增殖數(shù)量之間沒(méi)有顯著差異； 6.免疫組化方法得出CGRP能傳出纖維實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組在纖維分布的位置和數(shù)量上無(wú)顯著性差異。 通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的分析得出如下結(jié)論： 1.所用運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練強(qiáng)度和時(shí)間對(duì)每窩胎鼠的只數(shù)、胎鼠整體發(fā)育和子鼠成年后對(duì)高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練的習(xí)服能力沒(méi)有顯著影響； 2.這種運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練能顯著提高子鼠的前庭功能，最佳運(yùn)動(dòng)干預(yù)期為小鼠胚胎發(fā)育的第10-15天，此期恰為前庭器官原基形成至毛細(xì)胞分化的時(shí)期； 3.對(duì)毛細(xì)胞的增殖和傳出神經(jīng)支配沒(méi)有顯著影響。 本結(jié)果為進(jìn)一步探索促進(jìn)前庭系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的、適于孕婦運(yùn)動(dòng)的方式、強(qiáng)度和時(shí)間奠定了基礎(chǔ)，為科學(xué)地指導(dǎo)孕婦的運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In the different period of pregnancy, what kind of exercise does the pregnant woman do, how much exercise intensity, how long the sustained exercise time to the fetus development and the pregnant woman's health is the best? There is no scientific guiding principle based on basic research in the world. Vestibular sensation is the sense formed earlier in the embryonic development, second only to the tactile sense, and its developmental retardation or absence can seriously affect the development of vision and hearing. If causes vestibular-eye reflex disorder, affects the future reading ability and so on. During the long-term evolution, exercise and environment have become the essential stimuli and inducers of embryonic and postnatal development. Due to the change of modern exercise mode and the decrease of exercise intensity, especially in the embryonic development stage, the exercise related genes are not fully expressed according to the procedure, resulting in underdevelopment and decreased motor ability. It has been reported that dance training for pregnant women can improve the motor coordination ability of their offspring, which indicates that moderate increase of exercise intervention during embryonic development can promote the development of vestibular system. The timing, intensity, duration and developmental mechanism of this exercise intervention are urgent to be studied. In this study, pregnant mice were given small intensity exercise intervention during different gestation periods, and the development of vestibular sensory epithelial cells in fetal mice was observed by EdU labeling method. The vestibular function after birth and acclimatization ability of high-intensity exercise training were detected by behavioral method and the efferent innervation of vestibular organ was detected by immunohistochemical method. Through these studies, we hope to determine whether the exercise intervention during pregnancy can improve the vestibular function and acclimatization of high-intensity exercise training. Is there a critical period? Is the improvement of vestibular function related to the earlier development of vestibular sensory epithelial cells and innervation? The experimental results are as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in litter size, litter weight, ear opening and eye opening days in each group. The reaching rate of plane positive reflex in E10-E15 group was significantly higher than that in other groups. The average score of aerial positive reflex in E10-E15 group on PD13 and PD14 days was significantly higher than that in control group, and the difference was significant. 4. In the exercise sickness resistance experiment, the standing times of the control group was lower than that of the rotation training group, and there was significant difference in the day of test. Other test indexes such as fecal granule number, number of autonomous activities, There was no difference between the saccharin water groups. 5.EdU labeling method showed that there was no significant difference in the number of sensory epithelial cells proliferation between the experimental group and the control group. Immunohistochemical method showed that there was no significant difference in the distribution and quantity of CGRP efferent fibers between experimental group and control group. Through the analysis of the experimental results, the following conclusions are obtained: 1. The intensity and time of exercise training had no significant effect on the number of fetal mice per litter, the overall development of fetal mice and the acclimatization ability of offspring after adulthood. 2. This exercise can significantly improve the vestibular function of the offspring. The best exercise stem is expected to be the 10-15 days of mouse embryonic development, which is the period of vestibular organ primordium formation to hair cell differentiation; 3. There was no significant effect on hair cell proliferation and efferent innervation. The results laid a foundation for further exploration of the mode, intensity and time of maternal exercise which can promote the development of vestibular system and provide a theoretical basis for scientifically guiding the exercise training of pregnant women.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R764

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