發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-25 09:59

  本文選題：鼻咽癌 + 轉(zhuǎn)移��； 參考：《昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：鼻咽癌是我國(guó)發(fā)病率較高的十大惡性腫瘤之一,世界上有80%的鼻咽癌病例發(fā)生在中國(guó),中國(guó)南方鼻咽癌的發(fā)病率明顯高于歐洲。鼻咽癌發(fā)病與EB病毒(Epstein Barr Virus)感染、遺傳因素、亞硝胺攝入及環(huán)境因素(飲用水中高含量的鎘、鎳)等因素密切相關(guān)。鼻咽癌早期即可出現(xiàn)頸部淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移。是否有頸淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是影響鼻咽癌預(yù)后的重要指標(biāo)之一。轉(zhuǎn)移是鼻咽癌治療失敗的主要原因,盡管診療技術(shù)不斷進(jìn)步,但由于60-85%的患者確診時(shí)已發(fā)生臨床轉(zhuǎn)移,因此鼻咽癌患者的5年生存率提升緩慢。探究鼻咽癌轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機(jī)制,尋找新的治療靶點(diǎn),減少轉(zhuǎn)移的發(fā)生,是我們面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。 利用細(xì)胞株來研究腫瘤細(xì)胞的生物學(xué)特性是現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)研究的重要手段。1976年我國(guó)建成了第一個(gè)高分化鼻咽癌上皮樣細(xì)胞株CNE-1,1980年我國(guó)建立了首個(gè)低分化鼻咽癌上皮細(xì)胞株CNE-2,2006年Qian通過有限稀釋培養(yǎng)的方法從CNE-2中篩選到了29個(gè)亞克隆,并發(fā)現(xiàn)克隆18(S-18)與母代細(xì)胞及其它亞克隆相比具有較強(qiáng)的侵襲和遷移活性。由于S-18是CNE-2的亞克隆,除了侵襲遷移能力不同之外,它們具有類似的遺傳學(xué)和病理學(xué)特性,從而在研究中可限制個(gè)體差異性、減小遺傳差異性。因此,S-18的建立為更有針對(duì)性地研究不同侵襲遷移能力鼻咽癌細(xì)胞之間的內(nèi)在差異提供了一個(gè)便利而可靠的平臺(tái)。 蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)是系統(tǒng)生物學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)和組成部分之一,進(jìn)入后基因組學(xué)時(shí)代以后,其地位尤為突出。雙向電泳(two-dimensional gel electrophoresis,2-DE)是蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)研究的經(jīng)典方法之一,是一種分析從細(xì)胞、組織或其他生物樣本中提取的蛋白質(zhì)混合物的有力手段,是目前唯一能將數(shù)千種蛋白質(zhì)同時(shí)分離與展示的分離技術(shù),其高分辨率、高重復(fù)性和兼具微量制備的性能是其它分離方法所無與倫比的,特別是對(duì)于表達(dá)蛋白質(zhì)學(xué)的研究必不可少。雙向電泳技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)圖像分析與大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)處理技術(shù)、質(zhì)譜技術(shù)被稱為蛋白質(zhì)組研究的三大基本支撐技術(shù)�；谙到y(tǒng)生物學(xué)、蛋白組學(xué)及相關(guān)技術(shù)的充分發(fā)展,我們希望通過這些新興技術(shù),從“發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學(xué)”的層面揭示S-18與其母代細(xì)胞之間的內(nèi)在差別。 在利用蛋白組學(xué)技術(shù)篩選到一系列差異表達(dá)蛋白之后,需要對(duì)這些蛋白進(jìn)行深入的功能研究,才能充分揭示候選蛋白發(fā)揮生物活性的內(nèi)在機(jī)制�；蜻^表達(dá)技術(shù)也就是通常所說的基因轉(zhuǎn)染技術(shù),是將外源基因?qū)氚屑?xì)胞,使其表達(dá)相應(yīng)蛋白質(zhì),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)基因(或蛋白質(zhì))功能的研究或進(jìn)行基因治療的一種技術(shù)。以HIV-1為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建的慢病毒載體具有可感染靜息狀態(tài)細(xì)胞、可將目的基因整合至靶細(xì)胞基因組而長(zhǎng)期表達(dá)、免疫反應(yīng)小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),適于各種基因功能研究及體內(nèi)基因治療,是目前較為理想的基因轉(zhuǎn)移載體。RNA干擾(RNA interference, RNAi)是與靶基因序列同源的雙鏈RNA (double-stranded RNA, dsRNA)所誘導(dǎo)的一種特異性的轉(zhuǎn)錄后基因沉默現(xiàn)象(post-transcriptional gene silencing, PTGS)。自1998年Fire等發(fā)現(xiàn)RNA干擾(RNAi)現(xiàn)象以來,RNAi技術(shù)已被證實(shí)是一種特異、高效、經(jīng)濟(jì)的抑制基因表達(dá)手段,該技術(shù)與過表達(dá)技術(shù)互為佐證,能從另外一個(gè)角度研究基因及相應(yīng)蛋白質(zhì)的功能。 本研究利用蛋白組學(xué)技術(shù),篩查了低分化鼻咽癌細(xì)胞株CNE-2與其高轉(zhuǎn)移亞克隆S-18之間的差異表達(dá)蛋白,共發(fā)現(xiàn)S-18細(xì)胞中有18個(gè)明顯差異表達(dá)的蛋白(上調(diào)10個(gè),下調(diào)8個(gè))。通過生物信息學(xué)分析,確定了其中7個(gè)蛋白與腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移有密切關(guān)系,并利用Western Blot對(duì)其中的4個(gè)蛋白(HSP27、Ezrirn、 Keratinl、VCP)在兩種細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)水平進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,證實(shí)了與CNE-2細(xì)胞相比,S-18細(xì)胞中HSP27和Ezrin呈明顯高表達(dá),而Keratinl8和VCP明顯低表達(dá)。既往初步研究表明,HSP27和Ezrin可明顯促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移,Keratin18可穩(wěn)定細(xì)胞骨架和細(xì)胞形態(tài),因此,它們?cè)赟-18內(nèi)異常表達(dá),可能是影響S-18侵襲遷移能力的重要內(nèi)在因素。 HSP27是小HSP家族的主要成員之一,同時(shí)也是最明顯而廣泛誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)的分子伴侶之一,其對(duì)正常細(xì)胞具有保護(hù)作用,但在腫瘤細(xì)胞中通常是不良預(yù)后的標(biāo)志。HSP27的致癌及促轉(zhuǎn)移活性越來越受到研究者們的關(guān)注,通常認(rèn)為其致癌性能可能與其抗凋亡性能相關(guān),但對(duì)其發(fā)揮促轉(zhuǎn)移活性的分子機(jī)制卻知之甚少。為了進(jìn)一步研究HSP27影響鼻咽癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移能力的分子機(jī)制,我們利用慢病毒載體過表達(dá)技術(shù)在鼻咽部上皮細(xì)胞NP-460(內(nèi)源性HSP27水平較低)中過表達(dá)HSP27,利用RNA干擾技術(shù)沉默高轉(zhuǎn)移鼻咽癌細(xì)胞S-18(內(nèi)源性HSP27水平較高)中的HSP27,進(jìn)一步利用Transwell實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)了過表達(dá)或沉默相關(guān)基因后的細(xì)胞的侵襲遷移能力,并利用實(shí)時(shí)定量PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)了沉默HSP27后的S-18細(xì)胞內(nèi)NF-к B、MMP2、MMP9、MMP11轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的變化。結(jié)果顯示,過表達(dá)HSP27之后,鼻咽部上皮細(xì)胞NP-460的侵襲遷移能力明顯增強(qiáng)；而沉默HSP27之后,S-18細(xì)胞的侵襲遷移能力明顯減弱,并且細(xì)胞內(nèi)的NF-к B、MMP9、MMP11轉(zhuǎn)錄水平明顯下調(diào),而MMP2的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平無明顯變化。 基于上述結(jié)果,我們確信HSP27在鼻咽癌細(xì)胞的侵襲遷移過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,并且推測(cè)HSP27促進(jìn)鼻咽癌細(xì)胞侵襲遷移的機(jī)制存在以下三種可能：其一,HSP27可通過提高NF-к B的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平,并通過增加IKK的活性或直接促進(jìn)I κ B的降解,從而強(qiáng)化NF-к B信號(hào)通路,引起MMP9、MMP11的活化和增強(qiáng)表達(dá),從而增加鼻咽癌細(xì)胞的侵襲能力；其二,HSP27可在不影響MMP2的轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的情況下,直接增加鼻咽癌細(xì)胞內(nèi)MMP2的活性,從而增加鼻咽癌細(xì)胞的侵襲能力；其三,HSP27可通過與F-acti、Keratin8、Keratin18等細(xì)胞骨架相關(guān)蛋白的相互作用,改變鼻咽癌細(xì)胞的變形和運(yùn)動(dòng)能力,從而在鼻咽癌細(xì)胞侵襲能力提升的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步提升鼻咽癌細(xì)胞的遷移能力。 綜上所述,基于探究鼻咽癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移分子機(jī)制的目的,本研究以低分化鼻咽癌細(xì)胞株CNE-2及其高轉(zhuǎn)移亞克隆S-18作為研究對(duì)象,利用蛋白組學(xué)技術(shù)比較了兩種細(xì)胞的蛋白表達(dá)譜,共篩選到了18個(gè)明顯差異表達(dá)蛋白,其中HSP27和Ezrin可明顯促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移,Keratin18可穩(wěn)定細(xì)胞骨架和細(xì)胞形態(tài)。利用慢病毒載體過表達(dá)技術(shù)和RNA干擾技術(shù),進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了HSP27在鼻咽癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移的過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,而其促進(jìn)鼻咽癌細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機(jī)制可能與NF-к B信號(hào)通路、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶家族(MMPs)及F-actin、Keratin8、Keratin18等細(xì)胞骨架相關(guān)蛋白密切相關(guān)。這些結(jié)果將為深入研究鼻咽癌轉(zhuǎn)移的分子機(jī)制、尋找新的治療靶點(diǎn)、減少轉(zhuǎn)移的發(fā)生提供有益的線索。
[Abstract]:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is one of the ten major malignant tumors in China. There are 80% cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China. The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in southern China is obviously higher than that in Europe. The incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and EB virus (Epstein Barr Virus) infection, genetic factors, nitrosamine intake and environmental factors (high content of cadmium and nickel in drinking water) The metastasis of cervical lymph nodes is one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Metastasis is the main reason for the failure of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Although the diagnosis and treatment technology is progressing, the 5 year of nasopharyngeal cancer patients have been diagnosed as the 5 year of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It is a great challenge for us to explore the molecular mechanism of metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, search for new therapeutic targets and reduce the occurrence of metastasis.
The use of cell lines to study the biological characteristics of tumor cells is an important means of modern medical research. In.1976, China built the first highly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelioid cell line in CNE-11980, China established the first low differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelial cell line CNE-22006 Qian through a limited dilute culture method from CNE-2 to 2 9 subclones, and found that clones 18 (S-18) have strong invasion and migration activity compared with parent and other subclones. Because S-18 is a subclone of CNE-2, they have similar genetic and pathological characteristics in addition to the invasion and migration ability, which can limit the individual differences and reduce genetic differences in the study. Therefore, the establishment of S-18 provides a convenient and reliable platform for more targeted study of the intrinsic differences between nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with different invasiveness and migration ability.
Proteomics is one of the basic and component parts of system biology. After entering the post genomics era, its status is particularly prominent. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) is one of the classical methods of proteomics research, and is an analysis of the protein mixture extracted from the cell, tissue, or other biological samples. A powerful means of material is the only separation technology that can separate and display thousands of proteins at the same time. Its high resolution, high repeatability and micro preparation are unparalleled in other separation methods, especially for the study of the expression of proteomics. Two dimensional electrophoresis, computer image analysis and big rules Model data processing technology, mass spectrometry has been known as the three basic support technology for proteome research. Based on the full development of system biology, proteomics and related technologies, we hope to reveal the internal differences between S-18 and its parent cells from the "Discovery Science" level through these new technologies.
After screening a series of differentially expressed proteins by using proteomics technology, we need to study these proteins thoroughly to reveal the inherent mechanism of the candidate proteins to play biological activity. Gene overexpression technology is the gene transfection technology commonly referred to as introducing foreign genes into target cells to express their corresponding expressions. A technique for the study of the function of gene (or protein) or gene therapy. The HIV-1 based lentivirus vector has the advantages of infecting the resting state cells, integrating the target genes into the target cell genome for long-term expression, and having small immune responses, and is suitable for various gene function studies and in vivo. Gene therapy is an ideal gene transfer carrier,.RNA interference (RNA interference, RNAi), a specific posttranscriptional gene silencing (post-transcriptional gene silencing, PTGS) induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) homologous to the target gene sequence (post-transcriptional gene silencing, PTGS). Since the elephant, RNAi technology has been proved to be a specific, efficient and economical means of inhibiting gene expression. The technology and overexpression technology are supported by each other, and can study the functions of genes and corresponding proteins from another angle.
In this study, proteomics was used to screen the differential expression proteins between low differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2 and its highly metastatic subcloned S-18. A total of 18 distinct differentially expressed proteins were found in S-18 cells (up 10, 8 down-regulation). Through bioinformatics analysis, 7 proteins were determined to be closely related to tumor metastasis. Western Blot was used to verify the expression level of 4 proteins (HSP27, Ezrirn, Keratinl, VCP) in two cells. It was proved that HSP27 and Ezrin were highly expressed in S-18 cells compared with CNE-2 cells, while Keratinl8 and VCP were obviously low expression. Migration, Keratin18 can stabilize cytoskeleton and cell morphology. Therefore, their abnormal expression in S-18 may be an important intrinsic factor affecting S-18 invasion and migration.
HSP27 is one of the main members of the small HSP family, and is also one of the most obvious and widely induced molecular chaperones. It has a protective effect on normal cells, but the carcinogenic and metastatic activity of.HSP27, a marker of bad prognosis in the tumor cells, is becoming more and more concerned by researchers. It is usually considered to be carcinogenic. In order to further study the molecular mechanism of HSP27 affecting the metastasis ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, we use the lentivirus vector overexpression technology to overexpress HSP27 in the nasopharyngeal epithelial cell NP-460 (the endogenous HSP27 level is low) and use RNA interference. The HSP27 of S-18 (high endogenous HSP27 level) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was silenced by technique, and the invasion and migration ability of cells after overexpression or silencing related genes were further detected by Transwell test, and the changes of B, MMP2, MMP9, MMP11 transcriptional level were detected by real-time quantitative PCR technique. The results showed that after overexpression of HSP27, the invasion and migration of NP-460 in the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells increased obviously, and the invasion and migration ability of S-18 cells decreased obviously after HSP27 silencing, and the transcription level of NF- B, MMP9, MMP11 in the cells was obviously down, and the transcriptional water of MMP2 had no obvious change.
Based on the above results, we believe that HSP27 plays an important role in the invasion and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and we speculate that there are three possible mechanisms for HSP27 to promote the invasion and migration of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. One, HSP27 can increase the transcription level of NF- B and increase the activity of IKK or directly promote the degradation of I kappa B. The enhancement of NF- B signaling pathway induces the activation and enhanced expression of MMP9, MMP11, and increases the invasiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells; secondly, HSP27 can increase the activity of MMP2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells without affecting the transcriptional level of MMP2, thus increasing the invasiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells; and third, HSP27 can be passed with F-acti, Keratin8. The interaction of Keratin18 and other cytoskeleton related proteins changes the deformation and movement ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and further improves the migration ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells on the basis of the enhancement of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell invasiveness.
To sum up, based on the purpose of exploring the molecular mechanism of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell metastasis, this study uses the low differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2 and its high metastatic subclone S-18 as the research object. The protein expression profiles of two cells are compared by proteomics technology, and 18 distinct differentially expressed proteins are screened, of which HSP27 and Ezrin can be significantly promoted. Keratin18 can stabilize the cytoskeleton and cell morphology of the tumor cells. Using the overexpression and RNA interference techniques of the lentivirus vector, it is further confirmed that HSP27 plays an important role in the metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and the molecular mechanism for promoting the metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells may be associated with the NF- signaling pathway, the matrix metalloproteinase. The family (MMPs) and F-actin, Keratin8, Keratin18 and other cytoskeleton related proteins are closely related. These results will provide useful clues for further study of the molecular mechanism of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis, to find new therapeutic targets and to reduce the occurrence of metastasis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R739.63

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