應用腦功能成像技術研究腦卒中運動想象療法神經(jīng)康復機制
[Abstract]:In recent years, motor imagery (MI) therapy has rapidly developed into a new therapy for motor function rehabilitation in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Studies have shown that there are obvious motor execution (ME) and mental rehearsal of motor execution without obvious physical movement. With the development of modern science, functional magnetic resonance imaging (f MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) have been widely used in functional brain imaging. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (f NIRS) techniques have been used to study the neural rehabilitation mechanism of motor imagery therapy for stroke. The main contents and results of the study include the following four parts: (1) The basic principles of three imaging techniques, namely, f MRI, DTI and f NIRS, have been compared and studied. Neural mechanisms of motor imagery cognitive processes are studied from multiple perspectives and layers based on various brain functional imaging techniques.f MRI can understand the activation of brain motor functional areas and information integration of brain regions from the perspective of neuronal activity.DTI can visually display the fiber connections between brain functional areas and monitor the changes of white matter microstructure. The new technique f NIRS can be used to study the cortical activity of the brain, which can be confirmed by the results of F MRI, and to analyze the brain function of motor imagery more accurately. The activation of premotor cortex (PMC), primary motor cortex (M1) and supp motor area (SMA) was stronger and stronger than that of young people. The activation of motor cortex by motor imagery became more and more difficult with age. 2) The effective connection network of right-handed motor execution was stronger in the elderly than in the young. 3) The effective connectivity of motor imagery was stronger in the elderly than in the young, and the effective connectivity with significant differences was located in the contralateral brain area. 4) The elderly involved in motor activity in the structural connectivity network, and the cognitive brain structure and the strength of structural loop connectivity showed a downward trend. The results suggest that the inhibition of ipsilateral brain area decreases with age. In order to perform the same level of executive function, the elderly need to recruit more ipsilateral brain areas to participate in activities. Therefore, in an effective connection network, the elderly have stronger connection strength and more connections. More and more information exchange is needed to activate the motor cortex. Decreased connectivity involving the motor cortex in the structural network may explain the deterioration of motor function in the elderly to some extent. Energy imaging provides a new method for studying the neurophysiological mechanism of motor imagery and brain aging, and has important reference value for motor imagery therapy and delaying aging. Now: 1) The contralateral M1, PMC and SMA were significantly activated in the right hand hemiplegic patients, while the ipsilateral brain area was less activated and hemiplegic was obvious; the bilateral M1, PMC and SMA were strongly activated in the motor imagery, but the hemiplegia was not obvious. The motor cortical network of stroke patients showed consistent results: 1) There were information loops between each hemispheric motor cortex, but there were few effective connections between the hemispheric motor cortex. 2) Compared with the control group, hemiplegic patients performed motor and motor activities. These results suggest that the active pattern of motor imagery brain area is similar to that of healthy people, activating motor work. The activation of non-motor areas may be related to the remodeling of brain function in stroke patients when the affected hand side is the disadvantaged hand side. Generally speaking, although there are abnormalities in motor control, motor planning and motor execution in stroke patients, motor imagery can provide an effective way to stimulate the activation of motor cortex, activate the original motor circuit and promote motor function. Rehabilitation. 4. Clinical application of motor imagery therapy. In this paper, we designed the instructions of motor imagery therapy which are consistent with the daily rehabilitation training of stroke patients. Simplified Fugl-Meyer (FMA) motor function assessment was performed. The results showed that after a period of exercise imagery training, stroke patients were more likely to activate motor function areas through motor imagery. The activation patterns of brain regions were significantly better than those in the early stage. The activation intensity and the number of active voxels were closer to the healthy subjects, and the speed of functional rehabilitation was obvious. The results showed that motor imagery therapy combined with routine rehabilitation therapy could strengthen active motor learning and promote the recovery of motor function of affected limbs, which provided a theoretical basis for clinical motor imagery therapy. Generally speaking, this paper uses a variety of brain functional imaging techniques to study the brain functional and neural mechanisms of the motor system in healthy people from the aspects of brain functional localization (functional separation), brain functional network (functional integration) and brain structural network (material basis). Finally, according to the results of the imaging study, a scheme of motor imagery therapy for stroke patients was designed and its clinical application was studied. This study provides the imaging basis for motor imagery therapy, and provides an objective observation index for the effectiveness of motor imagery therapy and the selection of indications. The clinical rehabilitation treatment of stroke is of great theoretical significance and practical value.
【學位授予單位】:重慶大學
【學位級別】:博士
【學位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:R743.3
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