本文選題：腦缺血 + 步態(tài)分析　； 參考：《北京工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：腦缺血是臨床常見病多發(fā)病，具有高發(fā)生率、高致殘率、高死亡率的特點，嚴重危害人類健康。大鼠局灶性腦缺血模型是研究腦缺血性損傷的重要手段。使用大鼠模型研究腦功能損傷與恢復的機制，對于疾病的早期診斷與治療具有重要義。 論文利用線栓法建立了SD大鼠腦缺血模型，并設計了多分組的實驗測試方案。從步態(tài)分析、電生理信號檢測、核磁共振成像和病理組織分析四方面，提取可反映腦功能變化的實驗參數(shù)，研究大鼠腦缺血不同時期的功能恢復狀態(tài)，具體研究內容包括： 1.步態(tài)分析： 將實驗組與對照組的大鼠前爪和后爪涂上不同顏色的染料，任其自由行走，測量步態(tài)參數(shù)。結果顯示，術后4小時，大鼠向右身側旋轉，步態(tài)參數(shù)與對照組相比有顯著性差異。術后24小時，大鼠步態(tài)恢復正常。對照組相比，步態(tài)參數(shù)沒有顯著性差異。 2.電生理信號的采集和分析 采用軀體感覺誘發(fā)電位（SEP）記錄法，在術后不同時間刺激大鼠的右前爪正中神經(jīng)支配區(qū)，記錄對照組和實驗組左側皮層腦電信號，提取SEP，并對安靜狀態(tài)下的EEG信號進行頻譜分析。結果顯示，四個實驗組較對照組SEP潛伏期顯著增大，波幅顯著變小，θ波、波、β波、γ波的能量明顯變小。隨著術后時間的延長，上述特征與對照組的差距縮小。 3.腦核磁共振成像 對大鼠進行磁共振掃描，測量表觀彌散系數(shù)（ADC）及磁共振波譜（MRS）的變化。結果顯示。實驗組的（病灶區(qū)－正常區(qū)）/正常區(qū)的ADC值沒有顯著差異，（半暗帶－正常區(qū)）/正常區(qū)、（半暗帶－正常區(qū)）/病灶區(qū)的ADC值隨著術后時間的推移逐漸減小，，數(shù)據(jù)有顯著差異。不同實驗組的病灶區(qū)（Naa－Cho）/Cr變化不顯著，半暗帶的（Naa－Cho）/Cr變化明顯。 4.病理組織的分析 對腦組織用透射電鏡檢測并用Western Blot檢測GAP-43蛋白及突觸素含量。結果顯示，電鏡下手術1W后大鼠神經(jīng)元細胞數(shù)量明顯減少，突觸數(shù)量也明顯減少，GAP-43量明顯增加。2W后GAP-43量達到最高值，之后降低。突觸素的變化不明顯。 實驗結果看出，大鼠具有功能恢復能力，但這種能力有一定限度，只有半暗帶有恢復的能力。同時，行為學改變與細胞代謝、超微觀結構和電生理信號之間有一定的聯(lián)系。SEP可在一定程度上反映腦缺血大鼠大腦皮層功能的變化，對腦缺血的早期診斷具有一定作用。
[Abstract]:Cerebral ischemia is a common clinical disease with high incidence, high disability rate, high mortality, serious harm to human health. The model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats is an important method to study cerebral ischemic injury. Using rat model to study the mechanism of brain function damage and recovery is important for the early diagnosis and treatment of disease. In this paper, a rat model of cerebral ischemia was established by the method of thread embolization, and a multi-group experimental test scheme was designed. From gait analysis, electrophysiological signal detection, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology analysis, the experimental parameters which can reflect the changes of brain function were extracted to study the functional recovery state in different periods of cerebral ischemia in rats. 1. Gait analysis: The rats of the experimental group and the control group were coated with different colors of dye to walk freely and gait parameters were measured. The results showed that the rats rotated to the right side 4 hours after operation, and the gait parameters were significantly different from those of the control group. The gait of rats returned to normal 24 hours after operation. There was no significant difference in gait parameters between the control group and the control group. 2. Acquisition and Analysis of Electrophysiological signals Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recording method was used to record the left cortical EEG of the right forepaw and median nerve innervation of rats at different time after operation. The SEP was extracted from the left cortex of the control group and the experimental group, and the EEG signals in the quiet state were analyzed by spectrum analysis. The results showed that compared with the control group, the latency of SEP in the four experimental groups was significantly increased, the amplitude of the wave was significantly decreased, the energy of the 胃 wave, 尾 wave and 緯 wave was obviously decreased. With the extension of postoperative time, the difference between the above characteristics and the control group was narrowed. 3. Brain magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance scanning (MRI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCC) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were measured in rats. The result shows that. There was no significant difference in the ADC values of the experimental group (lesion area normal area / normal area) (ADC value of penumbra normal area / normal area decreased gradually with the passage of time after operation and there was significant difference in data. There was no significant change of Na _ (a-Choo) / Cr in the lesion area of different experimental groups, but the change of Na _ (a-Choo) / Cr in penumbra was obvious. 4. Analysis of pathological tissue The contents of GAP-43 protein and synaptophysin in brain tissue were detected by transmission electron microscope and Western Blot. The results showed that the number of neuronal cells and synapses decreased significantly after 1 W operation under electron microscope, and the amount of GAP-43 increased significantly. The GAP-43 content reached the maximum value after 2 W operation, and then decreased. The change of synaptophysin was not obvious. The results show that rats have the ability of functional recovery, but this ability has certain limits, only the penumbra has the ability of recovery. At the same time, there is a certain relationship between behavioral changes and cellular metabolism, ultrastructure and electrophysiological signals. SEP can reflect the changes of cerebral cortex function in rats with cerebral ischemia to some extent, and play a certain role in the early diagnosis of cerebral ischemia.
【學位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R743.3

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