本文選題：腦癱 + 靜息態(tài)功能磁共振��； 參考：《電子科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：小兒腦性癱瘓(簡稱腦癱)是我國目前最主要的肢體殘疾性疾病,主要表現(xiàn)為中樞性運(yùn)動功能障礙和姿勢異常。腦癱疾病的主要發(fā)病原因是因?yàn)槌錾�、出生時以及在出生一歲以內(nèi)某些因素導(dǎo)致其先天性腦發(fā)育缺陷,繼而造成中樞性運(yùn)動障礙以及姿勢異常,大多是因?yàn)閾p害了處在生長發(fā)育階段未成熟的腦組織。腦癱主要表現(xiàn)為肌肉由于失去了中樞神經(jīng)的正常支配,變得僵硬或者松軟,四肢無法完成正常的肢體活動;他們的肌肉組織都是正常的,病因在大腦,因此稱為腦性癱瘓。兩側(cè)大腦半球在是不對稱的,不論是結(jié)構(gòu)上還是功能上都存在著諸多不同。大腦皮層在執(zhí)行運(yùn)動、感覺、語言等這些腦功能時是存在偏側(cè)性的,偏側(cè)性作為一種腦連接特性的一種指標(biāo),可以從側(cè)面反應(yīng)大腦協(xié)調(diào)合作的能力程度。本研究主要是關(guān)于腦癱兒童大腦左右半球功能偏側(cè)性的研究。本文基于靜息態(tài)功能磁共振成像技術(shù)和腦偏側(cè)性研究的分析方法,對腦癱患兒的大腦偏側(cè)性進(jìn)行了研究。第一通過靜息態(tài)腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)偏側(cè)性分析,具體是通過獨(dú)立成分分析得到若干個腦網(wǎng)絡(luò),計算每個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的局部偏側(cè)性圖譜,以及每個網(wǎng)絡(luò)的偏側(cè)輔因子。第二方法是通過同倫功能連接,即通過量化大腦某側(cè)每個體素的靜息態(tài)功能磁共振信號與大腦對側(cè)鏡像位置的每個體素的靜息態(tài)功能磁共振信號之間的功能連接強(qiáng)度,以此來評估各個腦區(qū)的協(xié)調(diào)程度。本次研究主要是通過靜息態(tài)功能磁共振成像,進(jìn)行腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及同倫體素之間的偏側(cè)性研究,為認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)和腦偏側(cè)性研究提供思路。經(jīng)過對腦癱兒童以及正常兒童在局部偏側(cè)性圖譜以及全局偏側(cè)輔因子的組間統(tǒng)計對比分析,在默認(rèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、小腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及額頂網(wǎng)絡(luò)等方面腦癱兒童無論術(shù)前術(shù)后其功能連接強(qiáng)度低于正常兒童,但是在經(jīng)過頸動脈內(nèi)膜剝離術(shù)以及運(yùn)動想象的康復(fù)治療后,小腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一部分、默認(rèn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及額頂網(wǎng)路在偏側(cè)性方面,也就是功能連接方面有所升高,這說明手術(shù)以及康復(fù)治療對腦癱的恢復(fù)起到了一定的作用;經(jīng)過同倫功能連接發(fā)現(xiàn)腦癱兒童在中央后回、輔助運(yùn)動區(qū)、小腦、殼核等區(qū)域功能連接降低,這表明腦癱兒童的運(yùn)動功能的集成性降低,為腦癱兒童的運(yùn)動異常提供了依據(jù);在丘腦位置腦癱兒童的同倫功能連接也出現(xiàn)降低,而丘腦具有中繼功能,作為感覺的中繼站,接收多方面的傳入纖維,與大腦皮質(zhì)的聯(lián)絡(luò)區(qū)有往返纖維聯(lián)系,這為腦癱兒童在感覺反應(yīng)方面以及認(rèn)知反饋方面普遍低于正常兒童提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Cerebral palsy in children (referred to as cerebral palsy) is one of the most important limb disability diseases in China, which is characterized by central motor dysfunction and abnormal posture. The main causes of cerebral palsy are congenital brain defects before birth, at birth and within one year of birth, resulting in central motor disorders and postural abnormalities. It is mostly because of damage to immature brain tissue at the stage of growth and development. The main manifestation of cerebral palsy is that the muscles become stiff or soft due to the loss of the central nervous system, and the limbs can not complete normal limb activities; their muscle tissue is normal, the cause of which is in the brain, so it is called cerebral palsy. Both hemispheres are asymmetrical, both structurally and functionally different. The cerebral cortex is characterized by laterality when performing motor, sensory and language functions. As an indicator of brain connection, laterality can reflect the ability of the brain to coordinate and cooperate from the side. This study is mainly about hemispheric hemispheres in children with cerebral palsy. Based on resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the analysis of cerebral hemiplegia in children with cerebral palsy (CP), the hemipotency of the brain was studied. In the first place, the network laterality is analyzed by resting brain network. In particular, a number of brain networks are obtained by independent component analysis (ICA), and the local laterality maps of each network are calculated, as well as the sideline cofactors of each network. The second method is through homotopy functional connectivity, that is, by quantifying the functional magnetic resonance signal between the resting state of each voxel in one side of the brain and the resting functional magnetic resonance signal of each voxel in the contralateral mirror image of the brain. This was used to assess the degree of coordination among the various brain regions. The purpose of this study is to study the laterality of brain network and homotopy by resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to provide ideas for the study of cognitive neuroscience and hemiplegia. After the statistical comparison and analysis of the local hemiplegic map and the global sideline cofactor in children with cerebral palsy and normal children, the results were compared in the default network. Cerebellar network and frontal-top network in children with cerebral palsy were lower than those in normal children before and after operation, but after carotid endarterectomy and rehabilitation of motor imagination, part of the cerebellar network was found in children with cerebral palsy. The default network and the forehead top network have increased in the aspect of laterality, that is, functional connection, which shows that surgery and rehabilitation play a certain role in the recovery of cerebral palsy. After homotopy functional connection, children with cerebral palsy are found to be in the posterior central gyrus. The functional junctions of auxiliary motor areas, cerebellum and putamen were decreased, which indicated that the integration of motor function in children with cerebral palsy was decreased, which provided the basis for the abnormal movement of children with cerebral palsy. The homotopy functional junctions of children with cerebral palsy also decreased in the thalamus position, while the thalamus had the function of relay, as a sensory relay station, receiving afferent fibers from many aspects, and connecting with the focal area of cerebral cortex to and fro. This provides a theoretical basis for children with cerebral palsy in sensory response and cognitive feedback than normal children.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R742.3

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