實(shí)驗(yàn)性中樞中風(fēng)后疼痛:丘腦核團(tuán)定位、機(jī)制探討及藥物評(píng)價(jià)
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-04-02 09:25
本文選題:中樞中風(fēng)后疼痛 切入點(diǎn):丘腦 出處:《第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:中樞中風(fēng)后疼痛(central post-stroke pain, CPSP)是一類頑固性的神經(jīng)病理性痛綜合征,由軀體感覺神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的缺血性或出血性腦卒中所引起,嚴(yán)重影響了病人的日;顒(dòng)和生活質(zhì)量。軀體感覺神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的任何水平發(fā)生腦血管意外均可導(dǎo)致中風(fēng)后疼痛,其中丘腦中風(fēng)后疼痛(thalamic pain)由Dejerine和Roussy在1906年最先報(bào)道,其發(fā)病率也為最高。臨床上,中風(fēng)后疼痛病人的發(fā)病時(shí)間、發(fā)病部位以及發(fā)病癥狀由于中風(fēng)部位的不同而復(fù)雜多樣。目前治療中風(fēng)后疼痛的一線藥主要為抗抑郁藥和抗驚厥藥,但兩者效果均不穩(wěn)定,且大規(guī)模對(duì)照的藥物臨床試驗(yàn)較少,臨床醫(yī)生嚴(yán)重缺乏藥物治療中風(fēng)后疼痛的經(jīng)驗(yàn),甚至出現(xiàn)藥物濫用現(xiàn)象。此外實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物模型的匱乏也嚴(yán)重阻礙了對(duì)中風(fēng)后疼痛發(fā)病機(jī)理的認(rèn)識(shí)。直到2009年,Wasserman和Koeberle首次報(bào)道了大鼠丘腦內(nèi)注射膠原酶可誘導(dǎo)出CPSP,但由于動(dòng)物樣本較少,并且沒有后續(xù)研究,該CPSP模型是否穩(wěn)定可行依然不清。鑒于以上背景,,本課題擬參考Wasserman和Koeberle的造模方法,系統(tǒng)地評(píng)價(jià)丘腦內(nèi)注射膠原酶誘導(dǎo)的CPSP模型的穩(wěn)定性與有效性,進(jìn)一步分析丘腦出血部位與CPSP發(fā)生的關(guān)系,并探討趨化因子SDF-1及其受體CXCR4是否參與丘腦出血性中風(fēng)后疼痛的發(fā)病,在此基礎(chǔ)上評(píng)價(jià)新型抗驚厥藥加巴噴丁(gabapentin)的鎮(zhèn)痛作用,觀察其是否存在藥物耐受及藥物副作用的現(xiàn)象。 主要研究結(jié)果如下: 第一部分:中樞中風(fēng)后疼痛的行為學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)及丘腦核團(tuán)定位。 在16只接受右側(cè)丘腦內(nèi)微注射IV型膠原酶的大鼠之中,56%(9/16)的大鼠雙側(cè)后足于術(shù)后7天出現(xiàn)明顯的機(jī)械性痛敏,該痛敏現(xiàn)象穩(wěn)定存在,可持續(xù)至術(shù)后28天,而熱刺激縮足潛伏期未發(fā)生顯著變化。其余44%接受丘腦內(nèi)膠原酶注射的大鼠雙側(cè)后足的機(jī)械性刺激縮足反應(yīng)閾值及熱刺激縮足反應(yīng)潛伏期都未發(fā)生明顯變化。所有接受丘腦內(nèi)生理鹽水注射的大鼠的機(jī)械性痛覺敏感度和熱痛覺敏感度亦未有顯著變化。利用腦組織Nissl染色發(fā)現(xiàn),9只出現(xiàn)機(jī)械性痛敏的大鼠的腦出血損傷部位主要集中在丘腦腹后外側(cè)核(VPL)、腹后內(nèi)側(cè)核(VPM)、內(nèi)側(cè)丘系(ml)和/或后側(cè)丘腦核(Po),而其余7只未出現(xiàn)痛敏的大鼠的腦損傷分別為內(nèi)囊(3只)、丘腦中央1/3(1只)以及內(nèi)側(cè)和/或外側(cè)膝狀體(3只)。利用Rota-rod和聯(lián)合開放曠場(chǎng)評(píng)價(jià)實(shí)驗(yàn),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)丘腦出血后痛敏大鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)能力明顯受損,且大鼠在開放曠場(chǎng)箱體內(nèi)總的運(yùn)動(dòng)距離及在中央所處時(shí)間顯著縮短。 第二部分:SDF-1α(CXCL12)/CXCR4參與丘腦中風(fēng)后神經(jīng)病理性痛的發(fā)病機(jī)制 丘腦注射IV型膠原酶后,與對(duì)照組相比,出血損傷部位出現(xiàn)明顯的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞以及小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞/巨噬細(xì)胞的活化。聯(lián)合注射CXCR4選擇性阻斷劑AMD3100可顯著抑制上述細(xì)胞的活化并部分翻轉(zhuǎn)膠原酶注射誘導(dǎo)的丘腦出血性中風(fēng)后疼痛。單獨(dú)向丘腦內(nèi)注射SDF-1可激活星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,并引起大鼠雙側(cè)后足顯著的機(jī)械性痛敏,術(shù)后3天PWMT開始降低,7天達(dá)到最低并可持續(xù)28天,而AMD3100能完全翻轉(zhuǎn)SDF-1引起的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的激活和雙側(cè)機(jī)械性痛敏。 第三部分:抗驚厥藥加巴噴丁在丘腦中風(fēng)后神經(jīng)病理性痛模型上的評(píng)價(jià) 膠原酶注射術(shù)后7天,篩選出現(xiàn)明顯機(jī)械性痛敏的大鼠隨機(jī)分成2組:急性單次腹腔注射gabapentin(1,10,100mg/kg)和慢性連續(xù)14天腹腔注射gabapentin(1,10,100mg/kg)。對(duì)大鼠進(jìn)行后足機(jī)械性痛閾值測(cè)定發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)論單次還是重復(fù)給藥,低劑量gabapentin(1mg/kg)對(duì)CPSP大鼠機(jī)械性痛閾值無(wú)明顯影響。但高劑量gabapentin(10,100mg/kg)能劑量依賴性的翻轉(zhuǎn)丘腦出血性中風(fēng)導(dǎo)致的雙側(cè)機(jī)械性痛敏,單次給藥后1小時(shí)gabapentin的鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng)達(dá)最大且至少可維持5小時(shí),24小時(shí)后鎮(zhèn)痛作用完全消失。雖然連續(xù)14天腹腔注射gabapentin(100mg/kg)能維持鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng),但藥物的作用時(shí)程明顯變短。此外與單次給藥相比,連續(xù)14天腹腔注射gabapentin(10mg/kg)后,其鎮(zhèn)痛效應(yīng)完全消失。單次腹腔注射gabapentin(100mg/kg)后,丘腦出血性中風(fēng)后痛敏大鼠的運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)能力以及活動(dòng)能力均無(wú)顯著變化。 結(jié)論: 1)大鼠丘腦部位注射IV型膠原酶能成功誘導(dǎo)出穩(wěn)定的丘腦出血性中風(fēng)后疼痛。 2)大鼠丘腦中風(fēng)后疼痛的發(fā)生與丘腦內(nèi)出血的部位密切相關(guān),中風(fēng)后痛敏的發(fā)生主要是由于ml-VPL/VPM/Po軀體感覺神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的損傷所致。 3) SDF-1/CXCR4信號(hào)系統(tǒng)可通過膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的活化參與丘腦出血性中風(fēng)后痛的發(fā)病機(jī)制。 4)抗驚厥藥gabapentin能有效翻轉(zhuǎn)丘腦中風(fēng)后的痛敏行為,但隨給藥時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),gabapentin出現(xiàn)藥物耐受現(xiàn)象,提示臨床醫(yī)生在用gabapentin治療中風(fēng)后痛病人時(shí),因酌情考慮用藥劑量及用藥時(shí)程。
[Abstract]:In 2009 , Wasserman and Koeberle reported on the stability and effectiveness of the CPSP model induced by injection collagenase in the thalamus .
The main results are as follows :
Part I : The behavioral evaluation of pain after central stroke and the localization of thalamus nucleus .
There were no significant changes in mechanical pain sensitivity and thermal pain sensitivity in rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of collagenase type IV . All of the remaining 44 % of the rats receiving intraperitoneal injection of collagenase showed no significant changes in mechanical pain sensitivity and thermal pain sensitivity .
The second part : SDF - 1偽 ( CXCL12 ) / CXCR4 is involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain after cerebral apoplexy .
The injection of CXCR4 selective blocker AMD3100 inhibited the activation of the above - mentioned cells and partially reversed the activation of astrocytes / macrophages . The injection of CXCR4 selective blocker AMD3100 inhibited the activation of the above - mentioned cells and partially reversed the injection - induced pain in the thalamus .
The third part : the evaluation of the model of neuropathic pain after the treatment of cerebral apoplexy with anticonvulsive therapy
The rats were randomly divided into 2 groups : acute single intraperitoneal injection ( 1 , 10 , 100 mg / kg ) and chronic 14 - day intraperitoneal injection ( 1 , 10 , 100 mg / kg ) .
Conclusion :
1 ) The injection of collagenase type IV collagenase in the thalamus of the rat can successfully induce the post - stroke pain of the stable thalamus .
2 ) The incidence of pain after cerebral apoplexy in rats is closely related to the site of internal hemorrhage in the thalamus , and the occurrence of pain after stroke is mainly caused by the damage of the body sensory nerve system of ml - VPL / VPM / Po .
3 ) The SDF - 1 / CXCR4 signaling system can participate in the pathogenesis of pain after hemorrhagic apoplexy by activation of glial cells .
4 ) Anti - convulsion medicine can effectively overturn the pain - sensitive behavior of the brain after stroke , but with the prolongation of the administration time , the drug tolerance phenomenon appears , and the clinical doctor is prompted to take into account the dosage of the medication and the duration of the administration when the patient is suffering from the post - stroke pain .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:R743.3
本文編號(hào):1699757
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