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不同劑量的阿托伐他汀鈣對顱內(nèi)動脈重度狹窄或閉塞的缺血性腦血管病患者的臨床觀察

發(fā)布時間:2018-04-01 12:29

  本文選題:缺血性腦血管病 切入點:阿托伐他汀鈣 出處:《河北醫(yī)科大學》2014年碩士論文


【摘要】:目的:腦血管病是世界范圍內(nèi)嚴重威脅人類生命和健康的主要疾病之一,它有較高的發(fā)病率和死亡率,往往會導致偏癱、失語等嚴重的后遺癥,并且隨著年齡的增長,腦卒中的風險也在逐漸的升高,雖然給予其積極的治療,腦卒中的復發(fā)率仍然很高,因此預防腦卒中復發(fā)具有很重要的現(xiàn)實意義。引起腦卒中的原因很多,顱內(nèi)動脈粥樣硬化性狹窄(intracranialatherosclerotic stenosis, IAS)是導致缺血性腦血管。╥schemiccerebrovascular disease, ICVD)的一個重要因素,而IAS的自然病程呈進展性以及多部位損害的特點,并且有很高的臨床復發(fā)風險,因此,預防動脈粥樣硬化斑塊的進展可能會減少腦血管病的復發(fā)。 IAS常見的危險因素有:年齡、性別、吸煙、糖尿病、高血壓和高脂血癥等,其治療方法包括內(nèi)科治療、外科治療和血管內(nèi)治療;IAS的內(nèi)科治療包括抗栓藥、調(diào)脂治療以及控制危險因素。他汀類藥物屬于3-羥甲基3-甲基戊二酰輔酶A(HMG-CoA)還原酶抑制劑,它能夠有效降低血漿甘油三脂(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的水平,并且還能使高密度脂蛋白(HDL)輕度升高。目前研究已證實阿托伐他汀鈣不但能夠降低血脂,還具有抗炎、改善血管內(nèi)皮功能、穩(wěn)定斑塊等作用。一些影像學試驗表明,他汀類藥物可以穩(wěn)定甚至逆轉(zhuǎn)頸動脈及冠脈粥樣硬化,從而減少心腦血管事件的風險。本試驗探討不同劑量的阿托伐他汀鈣的降脂作用,應(yīng)用磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance angiography, MRA)技術(shù)評價其對顱內(nèi)動脈重度狹窄或閉塞的影響,并且觀察阿托伐他汀鈣預防ICVD的復發(fā)和藥物的安全性。 方法:選擇2012年5月-2013年3月在河北醫(yī)科大學第二醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科住院治療及門診就診的ICVD患者90例,所有患者經(jīng)頭顱MRA檢查顱內(nèi)動脈為重度狹窄或閉塞。將患者隨機分為3組,每組30人,,A組采用ICVD的常規(guī)治療方法,B組給予常規(guī)治療+阿托伐他汀鈣20mg1/晚,C組給予常規(guī)治療+阿托伐他汀鈣10mg1/晚。隨訪觀察12個月,主要的觀察指標包括治療前后血脂水平、頭顱MRA的評定。安全性指標包括肝功能、腎功能、血常規(guī)、肌酶、血糖以及觀察有無不良反應(yīng)(包括胃腸道癥狀、肌肉疼痛、感覺異常等)。 結(jié)果: 1血脂水平分析: 組內(nèi)比較:治療1年后,A組血漿中TC、TG、LDL、HDL濃度較治療前無明顯改變,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05);B組、C組與治療前比較均能明顯降低血漿中TC、TG、LDL濃度,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05),而HDL較治療前無明顯改變(P0.05)。 組間比較:治療前三組之間血漿中TC、TG、LDL、HDL濃度無明顯差異(P0.05);治療1年后,三組間TC、TG、LDL濃度差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05),而HDL濃度無明顯差異(P0.05),然后進行兩兩比較,與A組比較,B組、C組TC、TG、LDL濃度顯著下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05),B組、C組之間TC、TG、LDL濃度差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05)。 2頭顱MRA結(jié)果比較: 經(jīng)治療1年后,三組之間差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05),然后進行兩兩比較,調(diào)整檢驗水準α'=α/3=0.0167,結(jié)果示:B組與A組、C組比較,均能明顯提高IAS的好轉(zhuǎn)率,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.0167),A組、C組治療前后MRA結(jié)果差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.0167)。 3ICVD復發(fā)率比較: 治療1年后,A組、B組、C組發(fā)生ICVD的比率分別為24.1%、0、3.6%,三組之間ICVD的復發(fā)率差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05),然后三組間進行兩兩比較,調(diào)整檢驗水準α'=α/(3+1)=0.0125,結(jié)果示:B組、C組分別與A組比較,ICVD的復發(fā)率均明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.0125),但B組與C組比較ICVD復發(fā)率無明顯差異(P0.0125)。 4藥物安全性評價: A組、B組、C組不良事件的發(fā)生率分別為6.9%、16.7%、10.3%,其中1例因轉(zhuǎn)氨酶升高3倍、1例因肌酶升高5倍、1例因胃不耐受而退出試驗,三組之間不良事件發(fā)生率差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05)。 結(jié)論:對伴有IAS的缺血性腦血管病患者,長期口服阿托伐他汀鈣能夠有效降低患者的血脂水平,預防缺血性腦血管病的復發(fā),而藥物不良反應(yīng)率并未明顯增加,并且口服阿托伐他汀鈣20mg能夠阻止顱內(nèi)動脈粥樣硬化的進展甚至逆轉(zhuǎn)斑塊,可在臨床治療中推廣應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Objective : The cerebrovascular disease is one of the major diseases threatening human life and health . It has high morbidity and mortality , which often leads to severe sequelae such as hemiplegia , aphasia , etc .

Common risk factors for IAS include age , sex , smoking , diabetes , hypertension , and hyperlipidemia , and their therapeutic methods include internal treatment , surgical treatment , and endovascular treatment ;
This study has shown that atorvastatin calcium can stabilize and even reverse carotid artery and coronary atherosclerosis , reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events , and observe the effects of atorvastatin calcium on the severity of severe stenosis or occlusion of intracranial arteries .

Methods : From May 2012 to March 2013 , 90 patients with ICVD were randomly divided into 3 groups . All patients were randomly divided into 3 groups , 30 in each group , 30 in group A and 10 mg1 / evening of atorvastatin calcium . The main observation indexes included liver function , renal function , blood routine , muscle enzyme , blood sugar and observed adverse reactions ( including gastrointestinal symptoms , muscle pain , sensory abnormality , etc . ) .

Results :

1 . Analysis of blood lipid level :

The levels of TC , TG , LDL and HDL in plasma of group A were significantly lower than those before treatment ( P0.05 ) .
The levels of TC , TG , LDL in plasma were significantly lower than those in group B and group C ( P0.05 ) .

There was no significant difference in TC , TG , LDL and HDL in plasma between the three groups before treatment ( P0.05 ) .
After 1 year of treatment , the difference of TC , TG and LDL in the three groups was significant ( P0.05 ) , but there was no significant difference in HDL concentration ( P0.05 ) .

2 Head MRA Results Comparison :

After 1 year of treatment , there was a significant difference between the three groups ( P0.05 ) , and then two comparisons were performed to adjust the test level 偽 ' = 偽 / 3 = 0.0167 . The results showed that the improvement rate of IAS was significantly improved compared with group A and C in group B ( P0.05 ) .

3ICVD recurrence rate comparison :

The rates of ICVD in group A , group B and group C were 24.1 % , 0 , 3.6 % , respectively . There was significant difference in the recurrence rate of ICVD between three groups ( P0.05 ) . The results showed that the recurrence rate of ICVD decreased significantly in group B and group C ( P 0 . 0125 ) , but there was no significant difference between group B and group C ( P 0 . 0125 ) .

4 Drug Safety Evaluation :

The incidence of adverse events in group A , group B and group C was 6.9 % , 16.7 % and 10.3 % , respectively , among which 1 case was 3 times higher because of transaminase , 1 case was due to 5 times increase of myeloperoxidase , 1 case withdrew from the test due to gastric intolerance , and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the three groups ( P0.05 ) .

Conclusion : For patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease with IAS , the long - term oral atorvastatin calcium can effectively reduce the blood lipid level of patients , prevent the recurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease , and the rate of adverse drug reaction does not increase obviously , and the oral atorvastatin calcium 20mg can prevent the progression of intracranial atherosclerosis and even reverse the plaque , and can be popularized and applied in clinical treatment .

【學位授予單位】:河北醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:R743

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