復(fù)雜寰枕畸形的基礎(chǔ)與臨床研究
[Abstract]:Part I Anatomical relationship between vertebral artery and Atlantoaxial artery objective to understand the anatomical relationship between vertebral artery and atlantoaxial vertebra and to provide guidance for clinical operation. Methods 10 adult cadavers (20 sides) were divided into 10 cadavers and 5 of them were perfused with colored silica vessels. Using the anatomical term introduced by Benzel, the vertebral artery from the transverse foramen of C3 to the foramen of the transverse process of C2 was called V1 segment C2 transverse process foramen and C1 transverse process foramen was called V2 segment. Leaving the C1 transverse foramen to enter the dural part is called the V 3 segment. The relationship between vertebral artery and surrounding bone structure was observed. The distance between vertebral artery and midline, the distance between vertebral artery and C2 ganglion and other operative markers were measured. Results the average distance from the V2 segment of vertebral artery to the lateral part of C2 spinal ganglion was 7.7 mm, and the average distance to dura mater was 15.6 mm. There was significant difference in the thickness of bilateral vertebral artery. The vertebral artery of V1-3 segment did not occupy the transverse foramen completely, and the average distance from the lateral wall to the midline of the vertebral body was 14.6 mm.. Conclusion 1. The vertebral artery bends continuously in the atlantoaxial region, which makes it easy to injure the vertebral artery in this area. 2. Detailed understanding of the anatomical characteristics of this area is the basis of reducing the surgical injury of vertebral artery. The second part: surgical treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation objective to summarize the clinical experience of posterior cervical approach with screw-titanium rod (plate) fixation in the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation. Methods from January 2010 to November 2013, patients with atlantoaxial dislocation were treated with lateral mass screw and titanium rod (plate) via posterior median cervical approach in the Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University. Three dimensional reconstruction of craniocervical junction CT was performed before operation. Atlantoaxial dislocation was diagnosed by measuring atlantoodontoid distance (MADI),) under sagittal bone window image if MADI exceeded 3mm. (JOA) score of Japanese Society of plastic surgery was performed before operation. General anesthesia was performed by tracheal intubation. Prone position, head frame fixation, cervical posterior median approach, bilateral separation of axial pedicle isthmus and atlantoaxial articular process. Then the lateral mass screw and pedicle screw were placed and the atlantoaxial dislocation was reduced and the titanium rod (plate) was fixed between the screws. The articular surface cartilage of lateral atlantoaxial joint was removed and autogenous cancellous bone 路Chiari malformation was implanted into the articular cavity and around the articular process for decompression of the occipital foramen region. The bone window size was 3cm 脳 3 cm. Postoperative follow-up examination of cervical CT, cervical MRI and 3 months after the cervical spinal cord JOA score. Results 11 patients, including 3 males and 8 females, aged 950 years (mean 36.8 years). There were 6 cases of skull base depression, 2 cases of atlanto-occipital fusion, 3 cases of flat skull base and 7 cases of chiari malformation. The average MADI was 5.04 鹵1.74mm. All the patients were followed up from 3 to 5 months after operation, with an average of 3.5 months. 11 patients had normal neck sitting up or getting out of bed within one week after operation, and began rehabilitation treatment, except for 2 patients who had no obvious change in clinical symptoms after operation, the remaining 9 patients were obviously improved. No spinal cord, nerve root or vertebral artery injury occurred. Three-dimensional reconstruction CT examination was performed within two weeks after operation. Except for one case with a slight lateral rotation of the titanium rod, the screw position of the other patients was good, without pulling out or shifting. The patients with vertebral body displacement before operation had good reduction and fixation after operation. There was significant difference in spinal JOA score between preoperative and postoperative 3 months (t = -8.33, p 0.01). Although the follow-up time is different, the bone grafts have different degrees of growth and fusion. Conclusion the posterior cervical screw and titanium rod (plate) internal fixation can relieve the ventral and dorsal compression of the spinal cord and the stability of the occipitocervical spine. The clinical symptoms of the patients after operation are well improved. It is a safe, effective and reliable method for the treatment of atlantoaxial dislocation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:寧夏醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:R687.3
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