呼吸過濾器對(duì)Supreme喉罩通氣全麻患者支氣管黏液纖毛運(yùn)輸功能的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-05-22 07:37
本文選題:呼吸過濾器 + Supreme喉罩; 參考:《安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:目的呼吸道黏液纖毛清除系統(tǒng)(MCC)是呼吸系統(tǒng)重要的保護(hù)機(jī)制,主要功能是將呼吸道內(nèi)顆粒和病原微生物排出體外。支氣管黏液運(yùn)輸速度(BTV)是反映其功能的常用指標(biāo),而氣道溫度和濕度的改變會(huì)導(dǎo)致BTV發(fā)生改變。呼吸過濾器(BF)是模擬呼吸系統(tǒng)制作而成,具有不同程度的保溫保濕作用。本研究主要目的是觀察呼吸過濾器對(duì)Supreme喉罩(SLMA)通氣全麻患者支氣管黏液運(yùn)輸速度的影響。另一目的是評(píng)估自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)充氣量法置入SLMA的效果。 方法擇期Supreme喉罩(SLMA)通氣全麻下行四肢及婦科手術(shù)40例,年齡20~65歲,體重50~87kg,美國麻醉醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)(ASA)Ⅰ~Ⅱ級(jí),MallampatiⅠ級(jí)或Ⅱ級(jí),及張口度≥3指。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法均分為兩組:一組采取將通氣罩內(nèi)氣體抽盡的方法置入SLMA,且機(jī)械通氣時(shí)未連接呼吸過濾器(A組),另一組采取自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)充氣量法置入SLMA,并且機(jī)械通氣時(shí)連接呼吸過濾器(B組)。在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化全麻誘導(dǎo)后置入Supreme喉罩,用纖維支氣管鏡輔助判定喉罩位置合適,并且施正壓20cmH2O通氣時(shí)胸部起伏良好,呼氣末二氧化碳波形正常,聽診頸前區(qū)無漏氣音后行機(jī)械通氣。兩組患者分別在機(jī)械通氣5min和60min后測(cè)量支氣管黏液纖毛運(yùn)輸速度。在纖維支氣管鏡引導(dǎo)下,在右主支氣管背部黏膜上方通過硬膜外導(dǎo)管注射亞甲藍(lán),標(biāo)記染料在0、2、4、6min的移動(dòng)距離計(jì)算并記錄BTV值。所有測(cè)量操作均由同一位熟練使用纖維支氣管鏡的高年資麻醉醫(yī)師完成。記錄兩組患者機(jī)械通氣0min(T0)、30min(T1)、60min(T2)及90min(T3)后的呼氣末二氧化碳分壓(PETCO2)、潮氣量(VT)、氣道峰壓(Ppeak)。記錄兩組患者SLMA的置入時(shí)間、置入次數(shù)和難易程度評(píng)分。并記錄所有患者的輸液總量及出血量。結(jié)果兩組患者BTV比較:組內(nèi)比較:A組機(jī)械通氣60min后較通氣5min后BTV明顯降低(P0.05)。B組在機(jī)械通氣5min和60min后BTV差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。組間比較:在機(jī)械通氣5min后兩組BTV差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;在機(jī)械通氣60min后B組BTV明顯高于A組(P0.05)。兩組呼吸指標(biāo)比較:與T0比較:A組T1~T3時(shí)PETCO2、VT、Ppeak的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;B組T1~T3時(shí)PETCO2輕度升高(P 0.05),VT和Ppeak的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。與A組比較:B組Ppeak值在T0~T3時(shí)都較A組升高(P 0.05);B組PETCO2值在T1~T3時(shí)較A組升高(P 0.05),在T0時(shí)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;B組VT值在T0~T3時(shí)差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。兩組患者SLMA置入次數(shù)和置入時(shí)間比較: A組置入時(shí)間明顯長(zhǎng)于B組(P0.05),兩組置入次數(shù)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。兩組患者置入SLMA難易程度比較:置入評(píng)分為1分B組明顯多于A組(P0.05),4分A組患者明顯多于B組(P0.05),2分及3分的兩組患者差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論作為一種代替鼻咽功能的工具,呼吸過濾器對(duì)Supreme喉罩通氣全麻患者支氣管黏液纖毛運(yùn)輸功能具有明顯保護(hù)作用,而對(duì)呼吸指標(biāo)的影響較輕且無臨床意義。采取自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)充氣量法置入SLMA時(shí)置入時(shí)間更短、更容易。
[Abstract]:Objective the respiratory mucociliary clearance system (MCCs) is an important protective mechanism of the respiratory system and its main function is to expel the particles and pathogenic microorganisms from the respiratory tract. Bronchial mucus transport velocity (BTVs) is a commonly used index to reflect its function, and the change of airway temperature and humidity will lead to the change of BTV. Respiratory filter (BF) is made of simulated respiratory system and has different degree of heat preservation and moisture preservation. The main purpose of this study was to observe the effect of respiratory filter on bronchial mucus transport velocity in patients with Supreme laryngeal mask (LMA) ventilation general anesthesia. Another objective is to evaluate the effect of SLMA placement by auto-adjusting inflatable volume. Methods A total of 40 patients with limb and gynecological surgery, aged from 20 to 65 years old, weighing 50 to 87 kg, were given elective Supreme laryngeal mask ventilation under general anesthesia. The American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASAA) was of grade 鈪,
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