瑞舒伐他汀對心肌梗死兔心房神經(jīng)重構(gòu)與電重構(gòu)的影響
本文選題:瑞舒伐他汀 + 心肌梗死; 參考:《濟(jì)南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:目的 心肌梗死是嚴(yán)重危害人類健康與生命的心血管病急癥,其死亡率極高。近年來,心肌梗死漸趨年輕化,且常引起室性與房性心律失常,是造成死亡率較高的重要原因,因此對心梗后并發(fā)癥的預(yù)防與治療逐漸引起臨床醫(yī)師的重視,通過藥物改善心肌梗死后并發(fā)癥及預(yù)后迫在眉睫。心肌梗死后會(huì)伴隨發(fā)生心室重構(gòu),心室重構(gòu)不僅能夠使心血管患者心功能嚴(yán)重減退,并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率明顯增加,而且使患者的死亡率也明顯增加。其主要特征是心肌肥厚、心肌細(xì)胞凋亡,某些細(xì)胞(成肌纖維細(xì)胞)和非細(xì)胞成分(膠原纖維)的異常增加,心肌代謝以及電生理的改變,是造成心律失常的重要原因。目前研究熱點(diǎn)多集中在心梗后心室重構(gòu)在室性心律失常中的作用,心梗后心房重構(gòu)研究較少見。今年有研究表明心肌梗死患者,特別是做事收縮功能減低患者有非常高的房顫發(fā)病率,且死亡率亦升高3倍。所以應(yīng)重視房顫的防治與機(jī)制的研究。目前研究提示心房顫動(dòng)等心律失常的發(fā)生機(jī)制可能與心房的結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu)、神經(jīng)重構(gòu)與電重構(gòu)有關(guān)。研究重點(diǎn)應(yīng)集中在明確心梗后心房是否發(fā)生重構(gòu),且盡可能探討其發(fā)生機(jī)制。近年來,他汀類藥物的研究成為熱點(diǎn),主要體現(xiàn)在其作用機(jī)制的多效性,如抗炎癥反應(yīng)、抗氧化應(yīng)激、改善內(nèi)皮功能、抗血栓、保護(hù)心肌、抗心律失常等多重效應(yīng)。其中他汀類藥物抗心律失常及防止心臟重構(gòu)的作用已得到普遍關(guān)注,成為近年研究的熱點(diǎn)之一。本實(shí)驗(yàn)研究旨在探討心肌梗死后心房神經(jīng)重構(gòu)的發(fā)生及其可能機(jī)制,瑞舒伐他汀對心房重構(gòu)的影響。 方法 自西嶺角動(dòng)物養(yǎng)殖中心選購28只健康新西蘭大白兔(普通級),均為雄性,體重(2.2±0.3)kg,(5±1)月齡。經(jīng)山東省千佛山醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)研究中心動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)室普通飼料喂養(yǎng)2周后,參照Fujita M等報(bào)道采用結(jié)扎冠狀動(dòng)脈前降支方法建立兔心肌梗死模型。麻醉兔最常采用的麻藥為3%戊巴比妥鈉,按照45mg/kg劑量經(jīng)兔耳緣靜脈緩慢注射麻藥,當(dāng)兔頭低垂時(shí)注意減慢注射速度,觀察角膜反射與肌張力,當(dāng)兔角膜反射消失、肌肉松弛時(shí),提示此次麻醉成功,應(yīng)立即停止注射,以免兔麻醉過深導(dǎo)致死亡。同時(shí)為避免手術(shù)中污染引起兔感染,所有實(shí)驗(yàn)兔均需術(shù)前30min給予青霉素(10萬/kg)肌注,術(shù)后連續(xù)3天,每天2次青霉素(10萬/kg)注射預(yù)防感染。麻醉后將兔固定于小型動(dòng)物手術(shù)臺上。備皮和消毒后,術(shù)者戴無菌手套后鋪洞巾。術(shù)前所有兔均需行常規(guī)心電圖檢查。保持兔自然呼吸,緊貼胸骨左緣3、4肋間縱行切開皮膚、皮下組織及肌肉,并切斷左側(cè)第3、4肋軟骨,游離出3-4cm左右縱行切口,此時(shí)需謹(jǐn)慎小心地?fù)荛_縱膈胸膜,借助小型撐開器緩慢地充分暴露心臟前面,注意保持兩側(cè)胸膜完整,以免造成氣胸。再用止血鉗輕輕夾起心包壁層并剪開,輕抬心臟以便充分暴露左冠狀動(dòng)脈前降支,仔細(xì)觀察兔左冠狀動(dòng)脈及其分支(或左室支)的解剖位置。于前降支中上1/3處用6-0縫合線結(jié)扎血管。15分鐘后直視下可明顯見左心室前壁和心尖部心肌顏色逐漸由紅變暗紅乃至蒼白,中心缺血區(qū)域周邊有暗紅色充血帶顯示,心臟搏動(dòng)減弱。15分鐘后行心電圖檢查以進(jìn)一步明確是否造成心肌梗死模型,如可見Ⅰ、aVL導(dǎo)聯(lián)ST段明顯抬高,證實(shí)心肌梗死模型復(fù)制成功。術(shù)中應(yīng)充分止血,心包不予縫合,最后逐層縫合關(guān)胸,密切觀察一段時(shí)間至兔自然蘇醒,送回飼養(yǎng)室,術(shù)后10小時(shí)內(nèi)不予喂食固體食物。心肌梗死模型制作完畢24小時(shí)后將仍存活兔隨機(jī)分為心梗組和藥物干預(yù)組。假手術(shù)組實(shí)驗(yàn)兔僅左前降支相同位置下穿線,但不結(jié)扎。自術(shù)后第一天開始,藥物干預(yù)組給予瑞舒伐他。10mg/kg/d,阿斯利康制藥生產(chǎn))灌胃8周,心梗組及假手術(shù)組以等量生理鹽水灌胃8周。最終獲得具有完整實(shí)驗(yàn)資料的兔共24只,分別為:心梗組(MI,n=7)、藥物干預(yù)組(Rt,,n=8)、假手術(shù)組(S,n=9)。各組實(shí)驗(yàn)兔經(jīng)不同方式灌胃8周后稱取體重,應(yīng)用10%水合氯醛以2ml/kg劑量進(jìn)行腹腔注射麻醉后再次開胸。充分暴露心臟后,可見心臟前壁與心尖部位搏動(dòng)明顯較其他部位弱。主要大血管用止血鉗夾住,剪去大血管,迅速取出心臟,立即用無菌生理鹽水沖洗,盡量在冰上操作,保持低溫環(huán)境,剪去右房、左室及右室,分離左房并分成兩部分處理。一部分新鮮組織立即凍存于-196℃液氮中,同時(shí)做好標(biāo)注,用于蛋白印跡技術(shù)與基因擴(kuò)增技術(shù)。另一部分新鮮組織置于包埋盒中放入4%多聚甲醛固定,用鉛筆做好標(biāo)記,用于免疫組織化學(xué)技術(shù)。采用免疫組織化學(xué)法測定酪氨酸羥化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase, TH)及膽堿乙酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶組織表達(dá)量,通過Western Blot法測定心房組織酪氨酸羥化酶蛋白表達(dá)量,熒光定量PCR法檢測酪氨酸羥化酶和KCND3鉀離子通道蛋白mRNA表達(dá)水平。 結(jié)果 1.心房組織TH與CHAT陽性神經(jīng)纖維再生現(xiàn)象:灌胃8周后對兔心房組織中自主神經(jīng)重構(gòu)變化進(jìn)行分析,通過免疫組織化學(xué)方法檢測得到的結(jié)果顯示:假手術(shù)組兔心房組織TH和CHAT神經(jīng)纖維陽性染色較少,心梗組TH和CHAT陽性神經(jīng)纖維較多,而藥物干預(yù)組較少。統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析結(jié)果示:心肌梗死組兔的心房TH和CHAT陽性神經(jīng)纖維密度明顯高于假手術(shù)組,而藥物干預(yù)組的TH和CHAT陽性神經(jīng)纖維密度明顯低于心梗組,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P0.05);藥物干預(yù)組上述指標(biāo)與假手術(shù)組水平無明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P0.05)。 2.心房組織TH mRNA的表達(dá)水平:采用熒光定量PCR法檢測TH mRNA表達(dá)水平并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析得到結(jié)果:與假手術(shù)組相比,心梗組TH mRNA表達(dá)水平升高,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析證明具有明顯差異(P0.05);與心肌梗死組相比,藥物干預(yù)組TH mRNA表達(dá)下調(diào),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),藥物干預(yù)組上述指標(biāo)與假手術(shù)組水平無明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P0.05)。 3.心房組織KCND3鉀離子通道蛋白mRNA的表達(dá)水平:應(yīng)用熒光定量PCR法檢測KCND3鉀離子通道蛋白mRNA表達(dá)水平并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析得到結(jié)果:與假手術(shù)組相比,心梗組KCND3鉀離子通道蛋白mRNA表達(dá)下調(diào),統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析證明差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05);與心梗組相比,藥物干預(yù)組KCND3鉀離子通道蛋白mRNA表達(dá)上調(diào),差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),藥物干預(yù)組上述指標(biāo)與假手術(shù)組水平無明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P0.05)。 4.心房酪氨酸羥化酶表達(dá):采用蛋白印跡技術(shù)測定TH蛋白水平表達(dá)量得到如下結(jié)果:與假手術(shù)組相比,心梗組TH蛋白表達(dá)量升高,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析證明具有明顯差異(P0.05);與心梗組相比,藥物干預(yù)組TH蛋白表達(dá)量下降,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),藥物干預(yù)組上述指標(biāo)與假手術(shù)組水平無明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P0.05)。 結(jié)論 1.心肌梗死后心房發(fā)生神經(jīng)重構(gòu)與電重構(gòu)改變。 2.瑞舒伐他汀對MI后心房神經(jīng)重構(gòu)與電重構(gòu)具有改善效應(yīng),這可能是他汀類藥物能夠減少心梗后房性心律失常的重要機(jī)制之一。
[Abstract]:Purpose
In recent years , there is a significant increase in cardiac function in patients with myocardial infarction , such as myocardial hypertrophy , apoptosis of myocardial cells , abnormal cardiac function , anti - thrombosis , protection of cardiac muscle and arrhythmia .
method
A model of acute myocardial infarction ( MI ) was established by using anterior descending branch of coronary artery . After operation , the rabbits were given penicillin ( 100 000 mg / kg ) for 3 consecutive days .
Results
The results showed that TH and CHAT positive nerve fibers were significantly higher in myocardial infarction group than in sham operation group , while TH and CHAT positive nerve fibers were significantly lower in myocardial infarction group than those in sham operation group .
There was no statistically significant difference between the above mentioned indexes of drug intervention group and the level of sham operation group ( P0.05 ) .
2 . The expression level of TH mRNA in atrial tissue was determined by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) . Results : Compared with sham operation group , TH mRNA expression level in myocardial infarction group increased , and statistical analysis showed significant difference ( P0.05 ) .
Compared with the myocardial infarction group , TH mRNA expression was down - regulated in the drug intervention group ( P0.05 ) . There was no significant difference between the above indexes of the drug intervention group and the sham operation group ( P0.05 ) .
3 . Expression level of KCND3 potassium ion channel protein mRNA in atrial tissue : mRNA expression level of KCND3 potassium channel protein was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) method . Results : Compared with sham operation group , the expression of KCND3 potassium ion channel protein in myocardial infarction group was down regulated , and statistical analysis showed that the difference was significant ( P0.05 ) .
Compared with the myocardial infarction group , the expression of KCND3 potassium channel protein in the drug intervention group was up - regulated and the difference was statistically significant ( P0.05 ) . There was no significant difference between the above - mentioned indexes of the drug intervention group and the sham operation group ( P0.05 ) .
4 . The expression of TH protein was determined by Western blotting . Compared with the sham operation group , the expression of TH protein in the myocardial infarction group was increased , and the statistical analysis showed significant difference ( P0.05 ) .
Compared with the myocardial infarction group , the expression of TH protein decreased and the difference was statistically significant ( P0.05 ) . There was no statistically significant difference between the above mentioned indexes of the drug intervention group and the sham operation group ( P0.05 ) .
Conclusion
1 . After myocardial infarction , the atrial neuroreconstruction and electrical remodeling were changed .
2 . Refluvastatin has an improved effect on the remodeling and electrical remodeling of atrial nerve after MI , which may be one of the important mechanisms in which Statins can reduce atrial arrhythmias after myocardial infarction .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:R542.22
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