選擇性椎板切除聯(lián)合椎體成形治療腰椎壓縮骨折伴有椎管狹窄癥
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-02-06 06:05
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 骨質(zhì)疏松性椎體壓縮骨折 腰椎管狹窄 椎體成形術(shù) 椎板切除術(shù) 出處:《河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:目的:探討一種術(shù)式的臨床療效,即1期選擇性椎板切除聯(lián)合椎體成形術(shù),研究該術(shù)式對(duì)早期緩解骨折疼痛、恢復(fù)神經(jīng)功能、改善腰部活動(dòng)度、復(fù)位椎體高度等臨床效果,觀察術(shù)中、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況以及近期腰椎退變情況,綜合評(píng)定該術(shù)式對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松性腰椎壓縮骨折伴有腰椎管狹窄癥患者的短期臨床效果以及手術(shù)安全性。 方法:選取2009年1月-2011年1月期間在我院住院并接受1期選擇性椎板切除聯(lián)合椎體成形術(shù)治療的23例患者。年齡68—74歲,平均71.2歲。其中男8例,女15例。1個(gè)椎體骨折21例,2個(gè)椎體骨折2例。L1-L5分別為2例,3例,6例,7例,7例;颊呷繛1個(gè)節(jié)段腰椎管狹窄,,L2/34例,L3/49例,L4/55例,L5/S15例。中央管狹窄(矢狀徑<50%)12例,側(cè)隱窩狹窄6例,神經(jīng)根管狹窄5例。分別在術(shù)前、術(shù)后1周及2年記錄VAS評(píng)分并評(píng)定骨折疼痛緩解情況。腰部活動(dòng)度:在術(shù)前、術(shù)后1月、2年用量角尺測(cè)量患者腰部活動(dòng)度。0級(jí):腰椎前屈75o;Ⅰ級(jí):45o≤腰椎前屈75o;Ⅱ級(jí):15o≤腰椎前屈45o;Ⅲ級(jí):腰椎前屈15o。神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)情況:記錄治療前后JOA評(píng)分。椎體高度恢復(fù)與再發(fā)骨折情況:在隨訪時(shí)量X線上病椎前、中部,了解壓縮椎體的復(fù)位及再發(fā)骨折情況。術(shù)后與術(shù)后2年MRI對(duì)比了解臨近節(jié)段退變情況。 結(jié)果:手術(shù)均順利完成。全部患者隨訪2年~2年半,平均26.3個(gè)月。手術(shù)時(shí)間119.3±3.5min,每個(gè)椎體注入約1.5~3.0ml的骨水泥,注入量根據(jù)術(shù)中透視情況調(diào)整。術(shù)中出血平均約301.4±20.3毫升。傷口均1期愈合,23例患者均未出現(xiàn)骨水泥滲漏入椎管的現(xiàn)象。麻醉清醒后下肢癥狀均明顯緩解,術(shù)后5~6周大小便恢復(fù)正常,下肢肌力和肌張力逐步恢復(fù),但部分術(shù)前嚴(yán)重的椎管狹窄患者仍存留肢體麻木及痛溫覺(jué)減退。臥床7~10天后佩戴腰圍適當(dāng)下床活動(dòng)。椎體前緣,術(shù)前21.3±1.2mm,術(shù)后24.6±1.3mm,二者有明顯差別(P㩳0.05)。椎體中部,術(shù)前21.9±1.4mm,術(shù)后24.8±1.3mm,二者有明顯差別(P㩳0.05);術(shù)前VAS評(píng)分7.3±1.0,術(shù)后1周1.4±0.5,術(shù)后2年1.1±0.3,術(shù)后較術(shù)前均有明顯差別(P㩳0.05),術(shù)后2年與術(shù)后1周比并無(wú)明顯差別(P>0.05);術(shù)前JOA評(píng)分7.9±0.8,術(shù)后JOA評(píng)分19.9±1.4,術(shù)后比術(shù)前明顯改善(P㩳0.05)。術(shù)后1月、2年腰椎活動(dòng)度改善明顯(P㩳0.05),術(shù)后2年與術(shù)后1月做比較,差別也有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P㩳0.05)。1例患者術(shù)后2年發(fā)現(xiàn)臨近節(jié)段退變,1例患者術(shù)后半年發(fā)生非臨近節(jié)段椎體壓縮骨折。 結(jié)論:1期選擇性椎板切除聯(lián)合椎體成形術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是手術(shù)時(shí)間短、出血少,適合不能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間耐受術(shù)中全麻和出血的老年人。手術(shù)改善患者骨折疼痛、腰部活動(dòng)度、神經(jīng)功能、加固病椎效果明顯。兩種手術(shù)方法相結(jié)合,治療這類疾病,最大限度保護(hù)脊柱穩(wěn)定的同時(shí)有效避免老年人內(nèi)固定術(shù)中、術(shù)后嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥.該手術(shù)方式能解除神經(jīng)受壓,又可于術(shù)中探查,避免滲漏.是一種治療伴有腰椎管狹窄癥狀的骨質(zhì)疏松性腰椎壓縮性骨折的安全、有效方法。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the clinical effect of one stage selective laminectomy combined with vertebroplasty. Reduction of vertebral body height and other clinical effects, intraoperative, postoperative complications and recent lumbar degeneration. To evaluate the short-term clinical effect and safety of this procedure in patients with osteoporotic lumbar compression fracture with lumbar spinal stenosis. Methods: from January 2009 to January 2011, 23 patients, aged from 68 to 74 years, who were hospitalized in our hospital and received stage 1 selective laminectomy combined with vertebroplasty, were selected. The mean age was 71.2 years old, including 8 males and 15 females, 21 cases of 1 vertebral body fracture and 2 cases of 2 cases of L1-L5 vertebral body fracture. There were 7 cases. All the patients were L2 / 34 cases of L3 / 49 cases of L3 / 49 cases of L4 / 15 cases of L5 / S15 cases of L5 / S.The central canal stenosis (sagittal diameter < 50%) in 12 cases. 6 cases of lateral recess stenosis and 5 cases of nerve root canal stenosis. The VAS score was recorded before, 1 week and 2 years after operation and the pain relief of fracture was evaluated. Two years' dosage angle ruler was used to measure the waist activity of the patients. Grade 0: lumbar anterior flexion 75o; Grade 鈪
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