基于基本再生率的流行病及其疫苗效果模型研究
[Abstract]:Epidemics are one of the most dangerous diseases in society today. Because of its latent, strong infectivity and long-term activity, it has been a difficult problem for human beings. The mathematical model of epidemic transmission can help us to understand the mechanism of epidemic transmission better. The basic reproduction rate R is the most direct explanation of the epidemic pattern. If R 1, it indicates that the epidemic will gradually disappear, and when R 1, the epidemic will continue to spread. The size of R value can be greatly affected by the use of vaccines, thus affecting the epidemic, and the use of vaccines needs to consider the cost and the optimal distribution of drug dosage and other issues. Therefore, the estimation of threshold theory or the basic regeneration rate R, as well as the effect of vaccine on epidemic suppression and the corresponding cost have always been the focus of many scholars. Based on the research of Kermack-McKendrick,Batoszynski et al, this paper gives a simulation of the estimation of the basic regeneration rate, and also generalizes the research of other scholars on the optimization model considering the cost of vaccine injection. The specific work is summarized as follows: 1. Based on the family basic regeneration rate estimation model and simulation. First of all, we give a basic description of individual differences based on the family. By giving the appropriate assumptions on individual distribution and infection probability, we use likelihood equation to describe the transmission path and infection probability of this model, and make use of the method of likelihood equation to describe the transmission path and infection probability of this model. The estimation of the basic regeneration rate R and the parameter distribution of infection period are given. Finally, our estimation method is simulated experimentally. 2. The basic regeneration rate and simulation of space factors are considered. First of all, by changing the assumptions, we give a spatial factor-based family basic regeneration rate model, and then we give a corresponding estimate of the basic regeneration rate and individual infection probability of this model. Finally, we use experiments to simulate the distribution of epidemics taking into account spatial factors, and based on the results of the experiments, we conclude that when the distance factor needs to be taken into account, the epidemic should be controlled by isolating small areas and family members. These measures should achieve better results when closing schools. 3. Study on vaccine cost model of identical characteristic individuals based on vaccine coverage. In the same characteristic population, we set up linear programming model with the goal of optimizing vaccine cost, solve the optimal vaccine allocation system for different vaccine coverage, and give some numerical examples to illustrate it.
【學位授予單位】:電子科技大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2010
【分類號】:R181.2;F416.72
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