【摘要】：背景與目的 麻疹、風(fēng)疹和流行性腮腺炎是三種由病毒引起的呼吸道傳染病,起病急,傳染性強(qiáng),控制難度大。其中麻疹的發(fā)病率和死亡率隨著計(jì)劃免疫的實(shí)施曾大幅下降,浙江省1996～2000年麻疹的平均發(fā)病率降至6.25/10萬(wàn),但近期又出現(xiàn)了抬頭趨勢(shì),2004年浙江省麻疹報(bào)告發(fā)病率又回升到13.10/10萬(wàn)。與麻疹相比,風(fēng)疹和流行性腮腺炎由于仍采用自愿接種的免疫策略,人群免疫水平低。2004年浙江省流行性腮腺炎報(bào)告發(fā)病率為47.79/10萬(wàn),其爆發(fā)疫情占全省突發(fā)傳染性疫情的20%,疫情形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻。風(fēng)疹的發(fā)病率雖較低,但先天性風(fēng)疹綜合征(CRS)卻是嚴(yán)重的公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題,據(jù)估計(jì)我國(guó)每年就有4萬(wàn)CRS�；诼檎�、風(fēng)疹和流行性腮腺炎具有相似的病原學(xué)、免疫學(xué)和流行病學(xué)特征,世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)建議采用聯(lián)合免疫的免疫策略,通過(guò)麻疹-腮腺炎-風(fēng)疹聯(lián)合疫苗(MMR聯(lián)合疫苗)實(shí)現(xiàn)三種疾病共同防制。2002年北京MMR聯(lián)合疫苗的問(wèn)世,改變了我國(guó)MMR聯(lián)合疫苗必須依靠進(jìn)口的局面,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了將其納入國(guó)家免疫規(guī)劃的進(jìn)程。本文就紹興市近年來(lái)這三種疾病的流行特征以及需采取的免疫策略展開(kāi)研究,并對(duì)北京MMR聯(lián)合疫苗的初免效果進(jìn)行探討,以期為聯(lián)合免疫初免月齡的確定提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 材料與方法 病例資料來(lái)源于《法定傳染病報(bào)告系統(tǒng)》(2004年后改稱為《疾病監(jiān)測(cè)信息報(bào)告管理系統(tǒng)》)、《突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件報(bào)告管理信息系統(tǒng)》、《麻疹監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)》和《中
[Abstract]:Background & objective measles, rubella and mumps are three kinds of respiratory infectious diseases caused by virus. With the implementation of planned immunization, the incidence and mortality rate of measles had dropped significantly, and the average incidence of measles in Zhejiang Province from 1996 to 2000 had dropped to 6.25% / 100 000, but in the near future there was a rising trend. In 2004, the reported incidence of measles in Zhejiang Province rebounded to 13.10% of 100,000. Compared with measles, rubella and mumps are still immunized by voluntary vaccination, and the immunization level of the population is low. In 2004, the reported incidence of mumps in Zhejiang Province was 47. 79% / 100, 000. Its outbreak accounted for 20 epidemic outbreaks in the province, the epidemic situation is grim. Although the incidence of rubella is low, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a serious public health problem. It is estimated that there are 40 000 CRS. per year in China. Based on similar etiological, immunological and epidemiological characteristics of measles, rubella and mumps, WHO (WHO) recommends a combined immunization strategy. Through the measles, mumps and rubella combined vaccine (MMR combined vaccine), the joint prevention and control of three diseases is realized. The advent of Beijing MMR combined vaccine in 2002 has changed the situation that our country must rely on imported MMR combined vaccine. The process of integrating it into national immunization programmes was further facilitated. In this paper, the epidemic characteristics of these three diseases in Shaoxing city and the immunological strategies needed to be adopted are studied, and the primary immunological effect of Beijing MMR combined vaccine is discussed in order to provide scientific basis for the determination of the age of the first immunization in Shaoxing city. Materials and methods case data were obtained from the legal Infectious Disease reporting system (referred to as the Disease Surveillance Information report Management system after 2004), and the Emergency Public Health incident report Management Information system. Measles Surveillance system and < medium
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：R181.3;R186

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