【摘要】： 目的:評(píng)價(jià)榮寶殺滅釘螺的效果,探討適宜現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的施藥劑量和方法;研究榮寶的有效殺螺成分及其殺螺效果;探討榮寶有效殺螺成分作用于釘螺引起的組織學(xué)改變,研究榮寶的殺螺機(jī)理,為全面科學(xué)推廣應(yīng)用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法:采用浸泡殺滅和噴灑殺滅方法在室內(nèi)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行榮寶滅螺試驗(yàn),同時(shí)采用機(jī)械動(dòng)力噴粉法在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行滅螺試驗(yàn),對(duì)藥物的滅螺效果進(jìn)行觀察;采用浸泡方式離心提取榮寶的浸出液,通過(guò)殺螺試驗(yàn)、中和試驗(yàn)、對(duì)比試驗(yàn),初步探討榮寶的有效殺螺成分;通過(guò)連續(xù)病理切片分析榮寶有效殺螺成分對(duì)釘螺的組織學(xué)改變。 結(jié)果:榮寶50mg/L和80mg/L劑量浸殺5d,室內(nèi)釘螺死亡率分別為70%和100%,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)自然溝渠內(nèi)的釘螺死亡率分別為81.29%和94.59%。榮寶30g/m~2劑量噴灑1d,室內(nèi)釘螺死亡率為100%。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采用噴灑和噴粉方法施藥7d,釘螺死亡率分別為80.38%和70.73%;榮寶25、50、100、200mg/L劑量24h浸出液72h的釘螺死亡率分別為20%、85%、100%和100%,榮寶200mg/L劑量1-5天連續(xù)浸出液浸殺48h,釘螺死亡率分別為100%、10%、5%、5%、15%。榮寶浸出液在200nm、205nm和215nm波長(zhǎng)處有明顯吸收峰。在205nm波長(zhǎng)處,榮寶25、50、100mg/L劑量中和液和單氰胺6.25、12.5、25mg/L劑量溶液的0D值分別為0.021、0.070、0.172、0.028、0.072和0.171。48h浸殺的釘螺死亡率分別為40%、95%、100%、20%、90%和100%;經(jīng)榮寶200mg/L劑量浸出液處理后,釘螺組織切片顯示外套膜上皮細(xì)胞崩裂、剝落、基底層裸露,分泌顆粒減少。鰓條細(xì)胞膨脹,表面呈毛刺狀,中央血管破裂。腹足平滑肌細(xì)胞水腫膨脹,細(xì)胞膜融合,呈玻璃樣變。肝小葉萎縮,肝內(nèi)血管膨脹破裂,分泌顆粒顯著減少。 結(jié)論:榮寶50mg/L劑量浸殺和30g/m~2劑量噴殺均具有較強(qiáng)殺螺效果。現(xiàn)場(chǎng)榮寶噴粉的殺螺效果優(yōu)于噴灑,可以因地制宜選擇施藥方法;榮寶是微溶物質(zhì),殺螺有效成分在短期內(nèi)可通過(guò)水解釋放大部分,分離浸出液后的榮寶沉渣無(wú)殺螺效果,因此榮寶不具備緩釋殺螺特點(diǎn)。榮寶是種混合物,主要成分是氰胺化鈣。分光光度法可證實(shí)其浸出液含單氰胺,是有效殺螺成分,但浸出液中是否含有其他影響殺螺的成分尚需進(jìn)一步研究;榮寶浸出液作用下,釘螺的外套膜、鰓條、腹足和肝臟都有明顯的病理改變。尤其是呼吸系統(tǒng)和肝臟的破壞直接導(dǎo)致釘螺的死亡。
[Abstract]:Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of Rongbao in killing Oncomelania hupensis, to explore the appropriate dose and method of field application, to study the effective components of Rongbao and its effect on snail killing. To study the histological changes caused by the effective snail killing component of Rongbao on snail, to study the snail killing mechanism of Rongbao, and to provide the scientific basis for the comprehensive scientific popularization and application. Methods: the roongbao snail killing test was carried out in the laboratory and the field by soaking and spraying methods, and the snail killing effect of the drug was observed by mechanical dynamic powder spraying method in the field. The leaching solution of Rongbao was extracted by centrifugation by soaking method. The effective snail killing components of Rongbao were preliminarily studied by snail killing test, neutralization test and contrast test, and the histological changes of Rong Bao effective snail killing component on snail were analyzed by continuous pathological section. Results: the mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 70% and 100% in Rong Bao 50mg/L and 80mg/L for 5 days, and 81.29% and 94.59 9% in natural canals, respectively. The indoor mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 100% when Rong Bao 30g/m~2 was sprayed for 1 d. The mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 80.38% and 70.73% respectively by spraying and spraying powder for 7 days. The mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 20% 85% and 100% respectively at the dose of 2550 mg / L for 72 h. The mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 100% and 100%, respectively. The mortality rate of Oncomelania hupensis was 100%, 105 mg / L for 48 h after continuous leaching for 1-5 days at Rong Bao 200mg/L dose, and the mortality of Oncomelania hupensis was 100 mg / L, 100 mg / L and 55 mg / L, respectively. There are obvious absorption peaks at 205nm and 215nm wavelength of Rong Bao leachate. At the wavelength of 205nm, the 0 D values of the neutralization solution of Rong Bao 2550mg / L and the dose solution of 6.25mg / L of cyanamide were 0.021U 0.070 0.1720.028% 0.072 and 0.171.48 h respectively. The mortality of the snails immersed in the solution was 40,9595 100,100mg / L, respectively, and the mortality of the snails killed in 0.171.48 h was 4095100mg / L, respectively. 90% and 100%; After treated with Rong Bao 200mg/L solution, the tissue sections of Oncomelania hupensis showed that the epithelial cells of the coat membrane were disintegrating, exfoliating, the basal layer was exposed, and the secretory granules were decreased. Gill cells dilated, the surface was spiny, the central blood vessel ruptured. Gastropoda smooth muscle cells swelling, membrane fusion, glass-like changes. Hepatic lobule atrophy, intrahepatic vasodilation and rupture, secretory granules decreased significantly. Conclusion: Rong Bao 50mg/L dose immersion and 30g/m~2 dose spray have strong effect on snail killing. The spraying effect of Rongbao powder was better than that of spraying, and the application method could be selected according to local conditions. Rongbao is a micro-soluble substance, the effective components of snail killing can be released by hydrolysis in a short period of time, and the residue of Rongbao after separating leaching solution has no effect of killing snails, so Rongbao does not have the characteristics of slow-release snail killing. Rongbao is a mixture of calcium cyanide. It was proved by spectrophotometry that the leaching solution contained cyanamide, which was an effective molluscicidal component, but whether the extract contained other components affecting the molluscicide still needed to be further studied. The membrane Gill and liver of Oncomelania hupensis were obviously changed under the action of Rong Bao leachate. In particular, the destruction of respiratory system and liver leads directly to the death of Oncomelania hupensis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R184

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 元藝;新型滅釘螺藥物氯代水楊胺的應(yīng)用研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號(hào)：2379356