丹江庫(kù)區(qū)鼠類種群分布及攜帶寄生蟲調(diào)查
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-13 13:45
【摘要】： 目的 南水北調(diào)工程已進(jìn)入移民搬遷、大壩加高、蓄水水位提高的實(shí)質(zhì)性階段,為預(yù)防和控制庫(kù)區(qū)鼠類病媒生物性傳染病的發(fā)生和傳播,保障南水北調(diào)水源安全,對(duì)丹江庫(kù)區(qū)不同環(huán)境鼠群種類及攜帶寄生蟲情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究。方法 通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè),采用鼠籠法、鼠夾法隔夜捕獲鼠類,在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)進(jìn)行鼠群種類、鼠齡、性別鑒定和體表、體內(nèi)寄生蟲調(diào)查、研究。鼠群種類鑒定：按照鼠的分類目錄,并根據(jù)體型、體重、體長(zhǎng)、尾長(zhǎng)、毛須特征、顏色、胸背形狀特征以及爪的形狀等特征進(jìn)行分類。體表寄生蟲搜集方法：將鼠提起尾巴于清潔白瓷盤上方,由上向下用篦子梳理鼠毛后搜集盤中的寄生蟲,用毛筆尖蘸水把寄生蟲移入75%酒精瓶?jī)?nèi)保存,按虱、蚤、螨、其他分類計(jì)數(shù)；體內(nèi)寄生蟲調(diào)查檢驗(yàn)方法：將鼠類剖腹后,首先以肉眼觀察肝臟表面有無(wú)病變,如發(fā)現(xiàn)有淡黃色、散在或聚集分布的結(jié)節(jié)時(shí),剪取肝臟病變和部分肌肉(舌肌、膈肌或后腿),分別置于載玻片直接壓片法,在顯微鏡下鏡檢肝毛細(xì)線蟲感染情況。結(jié)果 本項(xiàng)調(diào)查共布放籠(夾)5000個(gè)次,有效籠(夾)4720個(gè)次,有效率為94.4%,共捕獲各種老鼠355只,發(fā)現(xiàn)鼠種1目2科5屬7種,分別為社鼠、大林姬鼠、大倉(cāng)鼠、棕背鼠平、褐家鼠、黃胸鼠、小家鼠。庫(kù)區(qū)鼠密度為7.52%,鼠類時(shí)間分布上,1-7月鼠密度持續(xù)升高,8月、9月維持高水平,9月以后持續(xù)下降,至12月份鼠密度降到一年中最低；捕獲的鼠類按照鼠齡分成年鼠占86.48%,幼年鼠占13.52%；按照性別分雄性鼠占54.37%,雌性鼠占45.63%。鼠籠法捕獲率(8.34%)高于鼠夾法捕獲率(6.72%),χ2=4.28。有144只老鼠體表查到攜帶有寄生蟲,鼠體表寄生蟲感染率達(dá)40.56%,鼠籠法捕獲活鼠體表寄生蟲感染率(62.05%)高于鼠夾法捕獲死鼠體表寄生蟲感染率(14.38%),χ2=82.86。查到體內(nèi)感染有肝毛細(xì)線蟲鼠32只,體內(nèi)肝毛細(xì)線蟲感染率為9.01%,平原的家棲鼠肝毛細(xì)線蟲感染率高于山區(qū)鼠。 結(jié)論 庫(kù)區(qū)鼠密度以及寄生蟲攜帶率均較高,傳播相關(guān)病媒生物性疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大,為保障南水北調(diào)水源安全,預(yù)防相關(guān)傳染病爆發(fā),應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)丹江口水庫(kù)庫(kù)區(qū)鼠類的殺滅。本文應(yīng)用鼠籠法和鼠夾法捕獲鼠類,兩種方法捕獲率不同,有待進(jìn)一步增加布放鼠籠鼠夾數(shù)量進(jìn)行證實(shí)；鼠籠法捕獲活鼠與鼠夾法捕獲死鼠體表寄生蟲感染率不同,因此若進(jìn)行鼠體表寄生蟲研究應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)用鼠籠法捕獲活鼠,以保障反映鼠體攜帶寄生蟲的真實(shí)情況。進(jìn)行鼠類密度與人群病媒生物性疾病之間的研究,可建立相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型。
[Abstract]:Objective in order to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of rodent vector-borne infectious diseases in reservoir area, the South-to-North Water transfer Project has entered the substantial stage of migration, dam raising and water storage water level raising, so as to ensure the safety of water source for South-to-North Water transfer. The species of rodents and parasites in different environments in Danjiang reservoir area were investigated. Methods the rodents were captured overnight by cage method and trap method. The species, age, sex, body surface and parasites of the rodents were investigated in the laboratory. Group identification: according to the classification catalogue of mice, and according to the body size, body weight, body length, tail length, hair characteristics, color, chest back shape and claw shape and other characteristics of classification. Methods of collecting parasites on the body surface: the mouse is lifted up its tail over the white porcelain plate, combed up and down with a grate to collect the parasites from the disk, and the parasites are transferred into 75% alcohol bottles with the tip of a brush to be stored in a 75% alcohol bottle, and stored according to lice, fleas, mites. Other classification counts; Methods for investigation of parasites in vivo: after dissecting the rats, we observed with the naked eye whether there were any lesions on the surface of the liver. If we found light yellow, scattered or clustered nodules, we cut out the pathological changes of the liver and some muscles (tongue muscle, diaphragm muscle or hind leg). The infection of hepatic capillary nematode was examined under microscope. Results A total of 5000 cages (clamps) and 4720 effective cages (clamps) were placed in this investigation. The effective rate was 94.44.A total of 355 rats were captured, and 7 species of mice, 1 order, 2 families, 5 genera and 7 species, were found to be social mice and Apodemus dahliensis, respectively. Hamster, Brown back Rattus, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus, Mouse. The density of rats in the reservoir area was 7.52. In the time distribution of rodents, the density of rodents in January and July continued to increase, and maintained a high level in August and September. After September, the density of rats decreased to the lowest in a year. According to the age of the rats, 86.48% of the rats were captured, 13.52% of the young rats, 54.37% of the male rats and 45.63 33% of the female rats according to sex. The capture rate of cage method (8.34%) was higher than that of rat clip method (6.72%). The infection rate of parasites on the body surface of 144 mice was 40.56. The infection rate of parasites captured by cage method (62.05%) was higher than that of dead mice (14.38%). 蠂 2: 82.86. 32 rats were found to be infected with liver capillary nematode, and the infection rate of liver capillary nematode was 9.01. The infection rate of hepatic capillary nematode in plain was higher than that in mountain area. Conclusion the density of rats and the carrying rate of parasites in the reservoir area are both high, and the risk of transmission of related vector biological diseases is high. In order to ensure the safety of water source of South-to-North Water diversion and to prevent the outbreak of related infectious diseases, The killing of rats in Danjiangkou reservoir area should be strengthened. In this paper, the rat-cage method and the rat-clamp method are used to capture the rodents. The two methods have different capture rates, which need to be further verified by increasing the number of rat-cage traps. The infection rate of parasites captured by cage method is different from that by trap method. Therefore, the study of parasites on the body surface of mice should be carried out in order to ensure the real situation of parasites carried by mice. A mathematical model can be established by studying the relationship between rodent density and human vector biological diseases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：R181.3;R184
本文編號(hào)：2376632
[Abstract]:Objective in order to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of rodent vector-borne infectious diseases in reservoir area, the South-to-North Water transfer Project has entered the substantial stage of migration, dam raising and water storage water level raising, so as to ensure the safety of water source for South-to-North Water transfer. The species of rodents and parasites in different environments in Danjiang reservoir area were investigated. Methods the rodents were captured overnight by cage method and trap method. The species, age, sex, body surface and parasites of the rodents were investigated in the laboratory. Group identification: according to the classification catalogue of mice, and according to the body size, body weight, body length, tail length, hair characteristics, color, chest back shape and claw shape and other characteristics of classification. Methods of collecting parasites on the body surface: the mouse is lifted up its tail over the white porcelain plate, combed up and down with a grate to collect the parasites from the disk, and the parasites are transferred into 75% alcohol bottles with the tip of a brush to be stored in a 75% alcohol bottle, and stored according to lice, fleas, mites. Other classification counts; Methods for investigation of parasites in vivo: after dissecting the rats, we observed with the naked eye whether there were any lesions on the surface of the liver. If we found light yellow, scattered or clustered nodules, we cut out the pathological changes of the liver and some muscles (tongue muscle, diaphragm muscle or hind leg). The infection of hepatic capillary nematode was examined under microscope. Results A total of 5000 cages (clamps) and 4720 effective cages (clamps) were placed in this investigation. The effective rate was 94.44.A total of 355 rats were captured, and 7 species of mice, 1 order, 2 families, 5 genera and 7 species, were found to be social mice and Apodemus dahliensis, respectively. Hamster, Brown back Rattus, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus, Mouse. The density of rats in the reservoir area was 7.52. In the time distribution of rodents, the density of rodents in January and July continued to increase, and maintained a high level in August and September. After September, the density of rats decreased to the lowest in a year. According to the age of the rats, 86.48% of the rats were captured, 13.52% of the young rats, 54.37% of the male rats and 45.63 33% of the female rats according to sex. The capture rate of cage method (8.34%) was higher than that of rat clip method (6.72%). The infection rate of parasites on the body surface of 144 mice was 40.56. The infection rate of parasites captured by cage method (62.05%) was higher than that of dead mice (14.38%). 蠂 2: 82.86. 32 rats were found to be infected with liver capillary nematode, and the infection rate of liver capillary nematode was 9.01. The infection rate of hepatic capillary nematode in plain was higher than that in mountain area. Conclusion the density of rats and the carrying rate of parasites in the reservoir area are both high, and the risk of transmission of related vector biological diseases is high. In order to ensure the safety of water source of South-to-North Water diversion and to prevent the outbreak of related infectious diseases, The killing of rats in Danjiangkou reservoir area should be strengthened. In this paper, the rat-cage method and the rat-clamp method are used to capture the rodents. The two methods have different capture rates, which need to be further verified by increasing the number of rat-cage traps. The infection rate of parasites captured by cage method is different from that by trap method. Therefore, the study of parasites on the body surface of mice should be carried out in order to ensure the real situation of parasites carried by mice. A mathematical model can be established by studying the relationship between rodent density and human vector biological diseases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：R181.3;R184
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