【摘要】： 血吸蟲(chóng)病(Schistosomiasis)是一種歷史悠久、分布面廣、嚴(yán)重危害人類(lèi)健康的寄生蟲(chóng)病,影響人類(lèi)健康的同時(shí)也影響社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,是各國(guó)政府面臨的一個(gè)公共衛(wèi)生難題。釘螺(Oncomelania hupensis)是血吸蟲(chóng)的唯一中間宿主,如何控制消滅釘螺是防治血吸蟲(chóng)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。用植物滅螺的研究是目前國(guó)際上滅螺研究的熱點(diǎn),而滅螺研究的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是生態(tài)滅螺。本研究通過(guò)酶促動(dòng)力學(xué),淺析夾竹桃(Nerium indicum)、益母草(Leonurus heterophtyllus)和楓楊(Pterocarya stenopt)三種強(qiáng)化感植物滅螺機(jī)理,從而初步比較得出植物化感作用滅螺機(jī)理。 通過(guò)夾竹桃、楓楊、益母草滅螺效果試驗(yàn)研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)夾竹桃的滅螺效果最好,1g/L的夾竹桃滅螺液第三天就能達(dá)到100%的滅螺效果,20g/L的楓楊滅螺液和1g/L的益母草滅螺液都是在第五天達(dá)到1 00%的殺滅效果。經(jīng)概率法計(jì)算三種植物滅螺液半致死濃度,夾竹桃滅螺液半致死濃度24hLC501.72 g／L,楓楊滅螺液半致死濃度24hLC5047.63g／L,益母草滅螺液半致死濃度24hLC502.78g／L. 本研究中夾竹桃同時(shí)抑制了釘螺頭足部和肝臟中的琥珀酸脫氫酶(SDH)和膽堿酯酶(CHE),夾竹桃滅螺機(jī)理可能是,神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)受影響,使機(jī)體調(diào)控紊亂,同時(shí)呼吸鏈?zhǔn)芨蓴_,能量供應(yīng)不足,使釘螺細(xì)胞的正常的生命活動(dòng)不能完成而死亡。 楓楊滅螺機(jī)理可能主要是降低SDH的活性,影響三羧酸循環(huán)呼吸鏈,導(dǎo)致能量供應(yīng)不足,使細(xì)胞不能進(jìn)行的正常的生命活動(dòng)而逐漸死亡。 益母草滅螺的機(jī)理可能是降低SDH的活性,影響三羧酸循環(huán)呼吸鏈,導(dǎo)致能量供應(yīng)不足,同時(shí)抑制了轉(zhuǎn)氨酶,干擾了蛋白質(zhì)代謝,兩種影響使得釘螺細(xì)胞不能完成正常的合成和分泌功能,使得釘螺生命活動(dòng)缺乏必需的蛋白質(zhì)和酶類(lèi),而最終導(dǎo)致死亡。 縱觀比較三種植物滅螺機(jī)理,都能降低SDH的活性,最終導(dǎo)致能量供應(yīng)受阻而引起釘螺死亡。我認(rèn)為對(duì)于植物化感滅螺機(jī)理,影響能量代謝是一個(gè)最重要的方面,其次影響到蛋白質(zhì)代謝和神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo),從而降低釘螺生命體機(jī)能。
[Abstract]:Schistosomiasis (Schistosomiasis) is a parasitic disease with a long history and wide distribution, which seriously endangers human health. It affects human health as well as the development of social economy. It is a public health problem faced by the governments of all countries. Snail (Oncomelania hupensis) is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. The research on snail killing by plants is a hot spot in the world at present, and the development trend of snail killing research is ecological snail killing. In this study, the enzymatic kinetics was used to analyze the snail killing mechanism of (Nerium indicum), Leonurus chinensis (Leonurus heterophtyllus) and Maple Poplar (Pterocarya stenopt), and the mechanism of plant allelopathy was preliminarily compared. In this paper, the effect of aspergine, maple poplar and Leonurus on snail control was studied. It was found that the snail killing effect of oleander was the best. The snail killing effect of 1g/L was 100% on the third day, and the molluscicidal effect of 20g/L and 1g/L was 100% on the fifth day. The Half-lethal concentrations of three plant molluscicides, 24hLC501.72 g / L, 24h LC5047.63g / L and 24h LC502.78g / L, respectively, were calculated by probabilistic method. In this study, the mechanism of the inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cholinesterase (CHE),) in the head, foot and liver of Oncomelania hupensis was that the nerve conduction was affected, the body regulation was disturbed, and the respiratory chain was disturbed. Lack of energy supply, so that the normal life of Oncomelania hupensis cells can not complete and die. The mechanism of molluscicidal effect of Poplar may be to reduce the activity of SDH, affect the respiratory chain of tricarboxylic acid cycle, lead to insufficient energy supply, make the cells unable to carry out normal life activities and die gradually. The mechanism of Leonurus repellens may be to reduce the activity of SDH, affect the respiratory chain of tricarboxylic acid cycle, lead to insufficient energy supply, inhibit transaminase and interfere with protein metabolism. The two effects make the snail cells unable to complete the normal synthesis and secretion function and lead to the death of Oncomelania hupensis due to the lack of essential proteins and enzymes in the life activities of Oncomelania hupensis. Compared with the mechanism of snail killing in three plants, the activity of SDH was decreased, and the energy supply was blocked and the snail died. I think that affecting energy metabolism is the most important aspect of plant allelopathic snail killing mechanism, and then affecting protein metabolism and nerve conduction, thus reducing the function of Oncomelania hupensis life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R184

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