【摘要】： [目的] 調(diào)查研究國(guó)內(nèi)外動(dòng)物源性傳染病防制中部門(mén)間的合作現(xiàn)狀、合作方式,分析研究合作中存在的問(wèn)題及其原因,探討適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的動(dòng)物源性傳染病防制多部門(mén)合作機(jī)制。 [方法] 通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)資料查詢、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研、專(zhuān)題小組討論、關(guān)鍵人物訪談、專(zhuān)家咨詢和論證會(huì)以及問(wèn)卷調(diào)查等方法,定性定量相結(jié)合,收集國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)部門(mén)法律、法規(guī)、政策文件以及有關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)等資料,深入現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查相關(guān)部門(mén)合作現(xiàn)狀和方式,分析研究影響我國(guó)多部門(mén)合作的主要原因,收集多部門(mén)合作機(jī)制的對(duì)策和建議。 [結(jié)果] 1.1動(dòng)物源性傳染病防制體制不健全 我國(guó)動(dòng)物源性傳染病防制體系長(zhǎng)期實(shí)行條塊分割管理,衛(wèi)生部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)人間動(dòng)物源性傳染病防制工作,農(nóng)業(yè)部負(fù)責(zé)動(dòng)物疫病,其他部門(mén)主要視疫情性質(zhì)介入。政府主導(dǎo)作用不強(qiáng),相關(guān)部門(mén)職能定位不明確,職能交叉與缺位并存,私營(yíng)部門(mén)與公眾的參與和責(zé)任意識(shí)不強(qiáng)。相關(guān)部門(mén)工作深度和介入的程度不同,部門(mén)之間缺乏交流與溝通。相關(guān)部門(mén)基本理順系統(tǒng)內(nèi)上下級(jí)協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系,系統(tǒng)外同級(jí)協(xié)調(diào)尚有一定難度。對(duì)重大動(dòng)物源性傳染病防制一般采取危機(jī)管理模式,缺乏健全的、系統(tǒng)的常設(shè)管理機(jī)構(gòu)。 1.2動(dòng)物源性傳染病防制經(jīng)費(fèi)不足 我國(guó)政府對(duì)動(dòng)物源性傳染病防制專(zhuān)項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)投入不足,地方政府配套資金不匹配�；鶎硬块T(mén)防疫經(jīng)費(fèi)嚴(yán)重短缺�；鶎硬块T(mén)缺乏基本的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)費(fèi),人員素質(zhì)和技術(shù)水平難以提升,基層疫情信息資料可靠性無(wú)法保證�；鶎硬块T(mén)間合作處于應(yīng)付狀態(tài),衛(wèi)生部門(mén)在追蹤動(dòng)物源性傳染病傳染源時(shí),農(nóng)業(yè)部門(mén)才開(kāi)始控制動(dòng)物疫病,這種方式基本屬于工作倒置。動(dòng)物撲殺的補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過(guò)低,動(dòng)物養(yǎng)殖者極易于隱瞞報(bào)疫情。 1.3部門(mén)疫情信息尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)共享 我國(guó)疾病控制信息系統(tǒng)的功能有待于進(jìn)一步完善。單獨(dú)依靠衛(wèi)生信息系統(tǒng)來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)疫情,難以適應(yīng)大衛(wèi)生觀念下的傳染病防制工作需要。疫情信息報(bào)告流程中存在行政部門(mén)干預(yù)行為,疫情信息報(bào)告相關(guān)規(guī)章制度有待完善。信息在本部門(mén)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)基本上實(shí)現(xiàn)共享,部門(mén)系統(tǒng)外尚有難度,信息資源利用不充分,傳染病預(yù)警預(yù)測(cè)能力不強(qiáng)。 1.4多部門(mén)合作方式有待于加強(qiáng)完善 動(dòng)物源性傳染病防制比較復(fù)雜,需要涉及多個(gè)部門(mén)合作,而單獨(dú)依靠衛(wèi)生或農(nóng)業(yè)部門(mén),很難控制動(dòng)物源性傳染病的流行蔓延。在政府主導(dǎo)下,多部門(mén)合作不但要加強(qiáng)還要逐步擴(kuò)展。部門(mén)間尚未建立長(zhǎng)效的溝通交流平臺(tái),部門(mén)間合作實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練不足,信息和專(zhuān)家資源有待于進(jìn)一步整合利用。動(dòng)物源性傳染病基礎(chǔ)性和應(yīng)用型研究不深入,我國(guó)動(dòng)物源性傳染病本底資料庫(kù)尚未建立。 [結(jié)論和建議] 我國(guó)動(dòng)物源性傳染病防制應(yīng)建立以政府主導(dǎo),衛(wèi)生和農(nóng)業(yè)部門(mén)為主的多部門(mén)參與合作機(jī)制。 建議我國(guó)實(shí)行政府主導(dǎo),充分發(fā)揮衛(wèi)生、農(nóng)業(yè)部門(mén)職能優(yōu)勢(shì),深化動(dòng)物源性傳染病管理體制改革,轉(zhuǎn)變政府職能,界定相關(guān)部門(mén)職能,抓緊制定動(dòng)物源性傳染病防制規(guī)劃,多渠道籌集資金,加大政府經(jīng)費(fèi)投入力度,合理配置衛(wèi)生資源,加大對(duì)基層地區(qū)中央財(cái)政專(zhuān)項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付力度,鼓勵(lì)地方政府增加配套資金投入,完善相關(guān)法律法規(guī),加強(qiáng)傳染病防制工作督導(dǎo)與評(píng)估,實(shí)行部門(mén)問(wèn)責(zé)制,加強(qiáng)社會(huì)公眾健康教育工作,加大社會(huì)動(dòng)員能力,注重國(guó)際交流與合作。 建議我國(guó)在現(xiàn)行體制下,優(yōu)先建立中央政府主導(dǎo)下的部委級(jí)合作機(jī)制,為下級(jí)多部門(mén)合作發(fā)揮示范作用。建議相關(guān)職能部門(mén)加強(qiáng)信息交流與溝通,強(qiáng)化防疫人員相關(guān)知識(shí)技能培訓(xùn),部門(mén)間共享專(zhuān)家資源,深度開(kāi)展科研合作,聯(lián)合開(kāi)展實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,及時(shí)排解合作難題。建議我國(guó)加強(qiáng)動(dòng)物疫病跨學(xué)科、跨部門(mén)研究,尤其是相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)和應(yīng)用型科學(xué)研究,促進(jìn)相關(guān)部門(mén)監(jiān)管關(guān)口前移,推動(dòng)動(dòng)物源性傳染病可追溯體系建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:[Objective]
This paper investigates and studies the status quo of inter-departmental cooperation in the prevention and control of animal-borne infectious diseases at home and abroad, the mode of cooperation, the existing problems and their causes, and explores the multi-departmental cooperation mechanism for animal-borne infectious disease prevention and control suitable for China's national conditions.
[method]
Through the methods of literature inquiry, field investigation, panel discussion, key person interview, expert consultation and demonstration meeting and questionnaire survey, this paper collects the relevant laws, regulations, policy documents and relevant research literature at home and abroad, and makes in-depth investigation on the status quo and ways of cooperation among relevant departments, and analyzes the research. The main reasons that affect the multisectoral cooperation in China are the countermeasures and suggestions for collecting multisectoral cooperation mechanism.
[results]
1.1 the prevention and control system of animal infectious diseases is not perfect.
China's animal-borne infectious disease prevention and control system has been implemented for a long time, with the health department in charge of the prevention and control of human animal-borne infectious diseases, the Ministry of Agriculture in charge of animal epidemics, and other departments involved mainly according to the nature of the epidemic situation. Public participation and sense of responsibility are not strong. Departments with different working depth and degree of involvement lack of communication and communication between departments. Departments concerned basically straighten out the coordination relationship between the upper and lower levels within the system. It is still difficult to coordinate with their counterparts outside the system. The standing management system of the system.
1.2 insufficient funds for prevention and control of animal infectious diseases.
There is a serious shortage of funds for epidemic prevention in grass-roots departments. The grass-roots departments lack basic operating funds, personnel quality and technical level are difficult to upgrade, and the reliability of epidemic information at grass-roots level can not be guaranteed. When the health department traces the source of animal-borne infectious disease, the agricultural department begins to control the animal epidemic. This is basically an inversion of work.
The 1.3 sector has yet to share information on epidemic situation.
The function of the disease control information system in China needs to be further improved. It is difficult to monitor the epidemic situation solely by means of health information system to meet the needs of infectious disease prevention and control under David's concept. It is difficult to realize sharing within the system, outside the Department system, insufficient use of information resources and weak ability of infectious disease warning and forecasting.
1.4 multi sector cooperation needs to be strengthened and improved.
The prevention and control of animal-borne infectious diseases is complex and involves cooperation of many departments. However, it is difficult to control the spread of animal-borne infectious diseases by relying solely on the health or agricultural sectors. The basic and applied research on animal-borne infectious diseases is not in-depth, and the background database of animal-borne infectious diseases in China has not yet been established.
[conclusions and recommendations]
In order to prevent and control animal-borne infectious diseases in China, a multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism should be established, which is led by the government and dominated by the health and agricultural sectors.
It is suggested that China should implement the government-led policy, give full play to the functional advantages of the health and agricultural departments, deepen the reform of the management system of animal-borne infectious diseases, transform the functions of the government, define the functions of the relevant departments, draw up plans for the prevention and control of animal-borne infectious diseases, raise funds through various channels, increase the input of government funds, rationally allocate health resources, and intensify efforts to prevent and control animal-borne infectious diseases. Local governments are encouraged to invest more matching funds, improve relevant laws and regulations, strengthen supervision and evaluation of infectious disease prevention and control, implement department accountability system, strengthen public health education, increase social mobilization capacity, and focus on international exchanges and cooperation.
It is suggested that under the current system, priority should be given to the establishment of a ministerial-ministerial cooperation mechanism under the leadership of the central government to play a demonstration role for the cooperation among the lower levels and departments. It is suggested that China should strengthen interdisciplinary and interdepartmental research on animal epidemics, especially on basic and applied sciences, and promote the supervision of relevant departments and the traceability system of animal-borne infectious diseases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R184

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