【摘要】：孳生于房屋里的螨類與人們生活息息相關(guān)，它們是一類重要的衛(wèi)生害蟲(chóng)，以屋塵螨、粉塵螨、和腐食酪螨最為常見(jiàn)，是誘發(fā)人類哮喘、過(guò)敏性鼻炎、皮炎等疾病的主要因子，還能引起肺螨病、腸螨病等。福建地處東南沿海，屬亞熱帶氣候，溫暖濕潤(rùn)，給螨類繁殖、為害及傳播提供了有利條件。 我們從福建省54個(gè)縣市197所居民房(97間客廳、87間臥室、62間廚房)27個(gè)集體宿舍、17個(gè)辦公室、9所旅館里收集灰塵395份(地板372份、草席10份、吸塵器10份、沙發(fā)3份)，用貝氏分離器進(jìn)行分離。結(jié)果表明，在395份塵樣中，螨的檢出率為38.8％。居民房螨的檢出率為50.76％，集體宿舍為96.30％，辦公室為64.70％，旅館為55.26％。不同微環(huán)境粉塵中螨的檢出率分別為：地板為37.20％、草席為50.00％、沙發(fā)為66.70％、吸塵器為50.00％。不同地板類型粉塵中螨的檢出率分別為：土地板70.00％、瓷磚56.94％、地毯50.00％、水泥地40.00％、木地板18.75％。居民房不同房間粉塵中螨的檢出率分別為：客廳27.83％、臥室36.78％、廚房27.42％。根據(jù)不同地區(qū)不同房屋、寄主、地板以及房屋內(nèi)部房間所采集螨類進(jìn)行的分析，，發(fā)現(xiàn)全省各地區(qū)居民房螨的檢出率差異顯著(χ~2=72.3763，P＜0.05)；不同房屋類型、不同寄主、不同地板類型以及房屋內(nèi)部不同房間之間螨的檢出率差異不顯著。 福建省房屋螨類調(diào)查共發(fā)現(xiàn)有4個(gè)目、28個(gè)科、55個(gè)種，其中熱帶無(wú)爪螨Blomia tropicalis(Bronswijk，Cock Oshima)檢出率最高，占所有樣品的48.86％，其次是網(wǎng)廣縫甲螨Cosmochthonius reticulatus(Grandjean)，占16.71％。粉塵螨Dermatophagoides farinae(Hughes)發(fā)生數(shù)量較大，其密度常常超過(guò)了產(chǎn)生過(guò)敏癥狀的臨界值。 此外，根據(jù)植物精油在抗菌、殺蟲(chóng)和殺螨等方面的研究，考慮其無(wú)污染、無(wú)殘留、用量少、價(jià)格低以及可阻止或延緩螨類的抗藥性的特點(diǎn)，我們以刺足根螨Rhizoglyphus echinopus(Fumouze Robin)為房屋螨類代表，采用藥膜法，進(jìn)行了百里酚毒力實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明，24小時(shí)的LC_(50)=2.2222g／L；48小時(shí)的LC_(50)=0.6086g／L。該實(shí)驗(yàn)為植物油應(yīng)用于房屋害螨防治提供了參考。
[Abstract]:The mites that breed in the house are closely related to people's life. They are a kind of important health pests, the most common of them are house dust mites, and tyrophes. They are the main factors that induce human asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatitis and other diseases. Can also cause pulmonary acariasis, intestinal acariasis, etc. Fujian Province is located in the southeast coast. It is a subtropical climate, warm and humid, which provides favorable conditions for mite propagation. We collected 395 dust samples (372 floors, 10 straw mats, 10 vacuum cleaners) from 197 residential rooms (97 living rooms, 87 bedrooms, 62 kitchens), 27 dormitories, 17 offices and 9 hotels in Fujian Province. Sofa 3), using the Bayesian separator to separate. The results showed that the detection rate of mites was 38.8% in 395 dust samples. The detectable rate of house mites is 50.76, that of dormitory is 96.30, that of office is 64.70, that of hotel is 55.26. The detection rate of mites in different microenvironments was 37.20 on the floor, 50.00on the mat, 66.70 on the sofa and 50.00on the vacuum cleaner. The detectable rate of mites in the dust of different flooring types were: land board 70.00, ceramic tile 56.94, carpet 50.00, cement 40.00, wood floor 18.75. The detection rate of mites in different rooms was 27.83 in the living room, 36.78 in the bedroom and 27.422in the kitchen. According to the analysis of mites collected from different houses, hosts, floors and interior rooms of houses in different regions, it was found that there were significant differences in the detection rate of house mites in different areas of the province (蠂 ~ (2) 2) 72.3763 (P < 0.05), different types of houses and different hosts. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of mites between different floor types and different rooms within the house. In Fujian Province, there were 4 orders, 28 families and 55 species, of which Blomia tropicalis (Bronswijk,Cock Oshima was the highest, accounting for 48.86% of all samples, followed by Cosmochthonius reticulatus (Grandjean), (16.71%). Dermatophagoides farinae have a large number of Dermatophagoides farinae (Hughes) and their density often exceeds the threshold for allergic symptoms. In addition, based on the studies of plant essential oils in antibacterial, insecticidal and acaricidal studies, the characteristics of non-pollution, no residue, low dosage, low price and resistance to or delaying the resistance of mites are considered. The virulence of thymol was studied by using Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze Robin) as the representative of house mites. The results show that the LC_ (50) of 24 hours is 2.2222 g / L and the LC_ (50) of 48 hours is 0.6086 g / L. The experiment provides a reference for the application of vegetable oil to the prevention and control of house mites.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：R184

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