德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊生物生態(tài)學(xué)特性的初步比較
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-27 13:01
【摘要】： 德國小蠊Blattella germanica(L.)是一種世界性衛(wèi)生害蟲,近年來在我國迅速擴(kuò)散,在許多地區(qū)蔓延成災(zāi),并且取代黑胸大蠊等成為新興的室內(nèi)蜚蠊優(yōu)勢種群。近年來,對于德國小蠊的防治、蟲情調(diào)查等都有大量報(bào)道,但是對于取代其他室內(nèi)蜚蠊成為優(yōu)勢種群的機(jī)理沒有系統(tǒng)的研究報(bào)道。因此,本研究通過室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn),觀察不同溫度下德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊的生殖和生長發(fā)育,比較逆境下德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊存活時(shí)間、在相同條件下兩種蜚蠊的種群動(dòng)態(tài)研究,探索了德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊對環(huán)境適應(yīng)性、不同溫度下發(fā)育歷期以及種間競爭等與蜚蠊傳播擴(kuò)散緊密相關(guān)的幾個(gè)因素,旨在探索德國小蠊在擴(kuò)散傳播中的生物生態(tài)學(xué)優(yōu)勢,以及擴(kuò)散后對原有蜚蠊種群的影響,為綜合防治提供有益的參考。主要研究結(jié)果如下: 1不同溫度下德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊的生殖和生長發(fā)育 分別在16℃、20℃、24℃、28℃、32℃下觀察德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊的發(fā)育歷期并計(jì)算發(fā)育速率,發(fā)現(xiàn)溫度對德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊的發(fā)育歷期存在影響,在各個(gè)溫度處理中,德國小蠊的發(fā)育速率都明顯大于黑胸大蠊。同時(shí)比較德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊在不同溫度下產(chǎn)卵量和卵孵化率,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)黑胸大蠊產(chǎn)卵量和卵孵化率受溫度影響更大,相同溫度下黑胸大蠊產(chǎn)卵量大于德國小蠊,但卵孵化率低于德國小蠊。28℃時(shí),德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊的發(fā)育歷期最短,產(chǎn)卵量和卵孵化率最高。 2德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊在逆境條件下存活時(shí)間的比較 溫度過高或過低都影響兩種蜚蠊的存活時(shí)間。在低溫范圍內(nèi)(-5℃-5℃),德國小蠊的和黑胸大蠊的若蟲和雌雄成蟲的存活時(shí)間隨溫度下降呈明顯縮短趨勢;在高溫范圍內(nèi)(40℃-50℃),德國小蠊的和黑胸大蠊不同蟲態(tài)的存活時(shí)間隨溫度升高而縮短。在低溫處理時(shí)德國小蠊一齡若蟲的存活時(shí)間最久,分別為0.79天、1.98天、25.76天。在高溫處理中德國小蠊雌成蟲的存活時(shí)間最長,分別為10.74天、3.84天和2.76天。結(jié)果表明德國小蠊在適應(yīng)低溫和高溫逆境方面優(yōu)于黑胸大蠊。結(jié)果表明德國小蠊在適應(yīng)低溫和高溫逆境方面優(yōu)于黑胸大蠊。 缺少食物或者水都會(huì)對兩種蜚蠊的生存造成不利影響,在有水無食、無水無食、無水有食條件下,黑胸大蠊雄成蟲存活時(shí)間最長,分別為45.50天、32.03天和33.37天。其中,水對蜚蠊壽命影響顯著,有水處理下兩種蜚蠊的存活時(shí)間均顯著高于無水處理。但在無水條件下,有食處理德國小蠊存活時(shí)間明顯高于無食處理,一齡若蟲、雌成蟲和雄成蟲壽命在無食物時(shí)分別為7.43天、15.43天、8.75天;在有食條件下提高到9.67天、18.39天和11.21天,而黑胸大蠊各蟲態(tài)存活時(shí)間在有無食和無食處理中差異不顯著;與黑胸大蠊相比德國小蠊更適應(yīng)缺水環(huán)境。 3不同飼養(yǎng)密度對德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊卵孵化率、一齡若蟲體重的影響 對不同飼養(yǎng)密度下,德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊的卵孵化率的研究表明,隨著飼養(yǎng)密度的增加,德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊的卵孵化率降低,當(dāng)飼養(yǎng)密度從5對/瓶上升到25對/瓶時(shí),德國小蠊的卵孵化率從89.65%降到70.54%,黑胸大蠊的卵孵化率則從85.64%下降到68.54%。各密度下德國小蠊孵化率均高于黑胸大蠊。 隨著飼養(yǎng)密度的增大,一齡若蟲體重都呈下降趨勢。當(dāng)飼養(yǎng)密度從5對/瓶上升到25對/瓶時(shí),德國小蠊一齡若蟲的體重從14.51 mg降為7.86 mg,黑胸大蠊一齡若蟲的體重則從43.02mg降為26.11 mg。 4德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊種間競爭結(jié)果 研究德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊的種間競爭,采用Lotka-Volterra種間競爭模型進(jìn)行擬合,結(jié)果表明單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)時(shí)德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊的種群數(shù)量均明顯高于混合飼養(yǎng)時(shí)的種群數(shù)量,兩物種間存在種間競爭關(guān)系,屬于資源利用型競爭。單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)和混合飼養(yǎng)時(shí)德國小蠊種群數(shù)量均大于黑胸大蠊種群數(shù)量;混合飼養(yǎng)條件下兩物種的種間競爭處于一種不穩(wěn)定的平衡狀態(tài),準(zhǔn)能取勝取決于種群的初始狀態(tài)對誰更有利,混合飼養(yǎng)下德國小蠊種群數(shù)量大于黑胸大蠊的種群數(shù)量,因此在這個(gè)競爭系統(tǒng)中,德國小蠊為優(yōu)勢種。 綜合上述結(jié)果,可以看出溫度影響德國小蠊和黑胸大蠊的發(fā)育歷期、產(chǎn)卵量和卵孵化率,德國小蠊比黑胸大蠊更適應(yīng)高溫、低溫、缺水等不利環(huán)境條件;兩種蜚蠊在同一環(huán)境中共存時(shí)存在種間競爭,在競爭系統(tǒng)中,德國小蠊占優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:Blattella germanica (L.) is a worldwide health pest. In recent years, Blattella germanica (L.) has spread rapidly in China, and has become a new dominant indoor cockroach population in many areas. In recent years, there are a lot of reports on the control of Blattella germanica (L.), but for the replacement of other indoor cockroaches. The mechanism of Blattella germanica becoming the dominant population has not been systematically studied. Therefore, this study investigated the reproduction and growth of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus at different temperatures, compared the survival time of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus under the same conditions, and explored the population dynamics of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus under the same conditions. Several factors closely related to cockroach propagation and diffusion, such as environmental adaptability, developmental duration at different temperatures and interspecific competition, were studied to explore the bioecological advantages of Blattella germanica in its diffusion and the effects of its diffusion on the original cockroach population, providing useful reference for integrated control. Below:
1 reproduction and growth of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta melanica at different temperatures
The developmental stages of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus were observed and calculated at 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32, respectively. It was found that temperature had an effect on the developmental stages of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus. The developmental rate of Blattella germanica was significantly higher than that of Blattella nigropectus in all temperature treatments. The results showed that the oviposition rate and hatching rate of Blattella nigropectus were more affected by temperature. At the same temperature, the oviposition rate of Blattella nigropectus was higher than that of Blattella germanica, but the egg hatching rate was lower than that of Blattella germanica.
2 the survival time of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta melaniana under adverse conditions
The survival time of the nymphs and males of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta nigropectus in low temperature range (- 5 5 C), decreased significantly with the decrease of temperature, and the survival time of different states of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta nigropectus in high temperature range (- 40 50), increased with the increase of temperature. The longest survival time of the first instar nymphs of Blattella germanica was 0.79 days, 1.98 days and 25.76 days at low temperature, respectively. The longest survival time of female adults of Blattella germanica was 10.74 days, 3.84 days and 2.76 days at high temperature, respectively. Blattella germanica is superior to black Periplaneta in adapting to low temperature and high temperature stress.
The longest survival time of male adult Blattella nigropectus was 45.50 days, 32.03 days and 33.37 days respectively under the condition of water and no food, no water and no food, and no water and no food. The longevity of female and male adults were 7.43 days, 15.43 days and 8.75 days respectively when there was no food, and 9.67 days, 18.39 days and 11.21 days when there was food, while the longevity of each state of Blattella nigropectus was 9.67 days, 18.39 days and 11.21 days when there was no food. Compared with black cockroach, Blattella germanica is more suitable for water shortage.
3 Effects of different feeding densities on hatching rate and weight of first instar nymphs of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta melanodon
The egg hatching rate of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus decreased with the increase of feeding density. The egg hatching rate of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus decreased from 89.65% to 70.54% when the feeding density increased from 5 pairs/bottles to 25 pairs/bottles. The egg hatching rate of Blattella nigropectus decreased from 85.64%. The hatchability of Blattella germanica was higher than that of black cockroach under various densities of 68.54%..
The body weight of the first instar nymphs of Blattella germanica decreased from 14.51 mg to 7.86 mg and that of the first instar nymphs of Blattella nigropectus decreased from 43.02 mg to 26.11 mg when the feeding density increased from 5 pairs/bottle to 25 pairs/bottle.
4 interspecific competition between Blattella germanica and Periplaneta melanica
The interspecific competition between Blattella germanica and Periplaneta nigropectus was studied. The Lotka-Volterra interspecific competition model was used to fit the competition. The results showed that the population numbers of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta nigropectus were significantly higher when they were raised alone than when they were mixed. There was interspecific competition between the two species, which belonged to resource utilization competition. The number of Blattella germanica population was larger than that of Blattella nigropectus population in co-rearing; the competition between the two species was in an unstable equilibrium under mixed rearing conditions, and the success depended on who was better off at the initial state of the population. The number of Blattella germanica population in co-rearing was larger than that of Blattella nigropectus population, so the number of Blattella germanica population in co-rearing was higher than that of Blattella nigropectus population. Blattella germanica is the dominant species in the competition system.
The results showed that temperature affected the development duration of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus, spawning rate and egg hatching rate. Blattella germanica was more suitable for high temperature, low temperature and water deficiency than Blattella nigropectus. There was interspecific competition between the two cockroaches when they coexisted in the same environment. Blattella germanica dominated in the competition system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：R184
[Abstract]:Blattella germanica (L.) is a worldwide health pest. In recent years, Blattella germanica (L.) has spread rapidly in China, and has become a new dominant indoor cockroach population in many areas. In recent years, there are a lot of reports on the control of Blattella germanica (L.), but for the replacement of other indoor cockroaches. The mechanism of Blattella germanica becoming the dominant population has not been systematically studied. Therefore, this study investigated the reproduction and growth of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus at different temperatures, compared the survival time of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus under the same conditions, and explored the population dynamics of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus under the same conditions. Several factors closely related to cockroach propagation and diffusion, such as environmental adaptability, developmental duration at different temperatures and interspecific competition, were studied to explore the bioecological advantages of Blattella germanica in its diffusion and the effects of its diffusion on the original cockroach population, providing useful reference for integrated control. Below:
1 reproduction and growth of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta melanica at different temperatures
The developmental stages of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus were observed and calculated at 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32, respectively. It was found that temperature had an effect on the developmental stages of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus. The developmental rate of Blattella germanica was significantly higher than that of Blattella nigropectus in all temperature treatments. The results showed that the oviposition rate and hatching rate of Blattella nigropectus were more affected by temperature. At the same temperature, the oviposition rate of Blattella nigropectus was higher than that of Blattella germanica, but the egg hatching rate was lower than that of Blattella germanica.
2 the survival time of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta melaniana under adverse conditions
The survival time of the nymphs and males of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta nigropectus in low temperature range (- 5 5 C), decreased significantly with the decrease of temperature, and the survival time of different states of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta nigropectus in high temperature range (- 40 50), increased with the increase of temperature. The longest survival time of the first instar nymphs of Blattella germanica was 0.79 days, 1.98 days and 25.76 days at low temperature, respectively. The longest survival time of female adults of Blattella germanica was 10.74 days, 3.84 days and 2.76 days at high temperature, respectively. Blattella germanica is superior to black Periplaneta in adapting to low temperature and high temperature stress.
The longest survival time of male adult Blattella nigropectus was 45.50 days, 32.03 days and 33.37 days respectively under the condition of water and no food, no water and no food, and no water and no food. The longevity of female and male adults were 7.43 days, 15.43 days and 8.75 days respectively when there was no food, and 9.67 days, 18.39 days and 11.21 days when there was food, while the longevity of each state of Blattella nigropectus was 9.67 days, 18.39 days and 11.21 days when there was no food. Compared with black cockroach, Blattella germanica is more suitable for water shortage.
3 Effects of different feeding densities on hatching rate and weight of first instar nymphs of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta melanodon
The egg hatching rate of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus decreased with the increase of feeding density. The egg hatching rate of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus decreased from 89.65% to 70.54% when the feeding density increased from 5 pairs/bottles to 25 pairs/bottles. The egg hatching rate of Blattella nigropectus decreased from 85.64%. The hatchability of Blattella germanica was higher than that of black cockroach under various densities of 68.54%..
The body weight of the first instar nymphs of Blattella germanica decreased from 14.51 mg to 7.86 mg and that of the first instar nymphs of Blattella nigropectus decreased from 43.02 mg to 26.11 mg when the feeding density increased from 5 pairs/bottle to 25 pairs/bottle.
4 interspecific competition between Blattella germanica and Periplaneta melanica
The interspecific competition between Blattella germanica and Periplaneta nigropectus was studied. The Lotka-Volterra interspecific competition model was used to fit the competition. The results showed that the population numbers of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta nigropectus were significantly higher when they were raised alone than when they were mixed. There was interspecific competition between the two species, which belonged to resource utilization competition. The number of Blattella germanica population was larger than that of Blattella nigropectus population in co-rearing; the competition between the two species was in an unstable equilibrium under mixed rearing conditions, and the success depended on who was better off at the initial state of the population. The number of Blattella germanica population in co-rearing was larger than that of Blattella nigropectus population, so the number of Blattella germanica population in co-rearing was higher than that of Blattella nigropectus population. Blattella germanica is the dominant species in the competition system.
The results showed that temperature affected the development duration of Blattella germanica and Blattella nigropectus, spawning rate and egg hatching rate. Blattella germanica was more suitable for high temperature, low temperature and water deficiency than Blattella nigropectus. There was interspecific competition between the two cockroaches when they coexisted in the same environment. Blattella germanica dominated in the competition system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：R184
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