【摘要】： 目的:在分析比較粘捕法與藥激法二種監(jiān)測方法在蟑螂密度監(jiān)測中的效果和防制效果考核中應(yīng)用價(jià)值的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇適宜的方法調(diào)查了解目前太原鐵路地區(qū)蟑螂侵害狀況、種群分布及季節(jié)消長趨勢,為更好地合理用藥和有效控制蟑螂危害提供理論依據(jù)。 方法:(1)調(diào)查對象:以太原鐵路地區(qū)太原站、太原北站、太原車輛段(旅客列車庫停、檢修)、太原乘務(wù)員公寓為調(diào)查對象。(2)調(diào)查方法:①粘捕法隨機(jī)確定用粘捕法的調(diào)查點(diǎn)布放統(tǒng)一規(guī)格的粘蟑板,用新鮮甜面包為誘餌(2克/張),每15m~2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間布1張,置于蟑螂活動(dòng)的場所,晚放晨收,并計(jì)數(shù)分類。各點(diǎn)布放不少于10張,點(diǎn)內(nèi)各場所每次調(diào)查點(diǎn)相對固定。②藥激法確定用藥激法的調(diào)查點(diǎn),在與同類場所布放粘蟑板相似環(huán)境處,用殺蟲氣霧劑對布板處墻壁、物體縫隙進(jìn)行線狀噴射,10分鐘后記錄激出的蟑螂數(shù)并分類。③溫濕度監(jiān)測每次進(jìn)行種群密度及季節(jié)消長調(diào)查時(shí),測定調(diào)查點(diǎn)各場所室內(nèi)外溫濕度。用蒸餾水濕潤DHM2通風(fēng)干濕溫度表濕球紗條,上緊發(fā)條,將表懸掛與呼吸帶高度,10分鐘后讀數(shù)。④蟑螂種群鑒定:將用粘捕法或藥激法捕獲的蟑螂在解剖顯微鏡下,由專人依照蟑螂種類檢索表進(jìn)行鑒定。⑤調(diào)查時(shí)間:2006年1月至12月,每月中旬調(diào)查一次。對用藥品處理過的調(diào)查點(diǎn),相鄰二次調(diào)查時(shí)間間隔不短于7天。 結(jié)果:(1)粘捕法與藥激法結(jié)果比較:通過對全年粘捕法和藥激法蟑螂密度配對秩和檢驗(yàn)和侵害率配對t檢驗(yàn),粘捕法成蟲密度(0.0779只/板)顯著高于藥激法成蟲密度(0.0244只/點(diǎn))(z=-2.29 p=0.022),粘捕法若蟲密度(0.4193只/板)顯著高于藥激法若蟲密度(0.0464只/點(diǎn))(z=-2.353 p=0.019),粘捕法總密度(0.4968只/板)顯著高于藥激法總密度(0.0716只/點(diǎn))(z=-2.432 p=0.015):粘捕法年均侵害率(12.4%±7.2479)顯著高于藥激法侵害率(2.85%±2.42345)(t=4.787 p=0.01)。(2)太原鐵路地區(qū)蟑螂種群分布及密度季節(jié)消長趨勢:太原鐵路地區(qū)全年所有監(jiān)測點(diǎn)共捕獲成蟲:745只,雌雄比1.45:1,全部為德國小蠊;蟑螂季節(jié)消長趨勢,用粘捕法調(diào)查,太原鐵路地區(qū)全年均有蟑螂活動(dòng),蟑螂若蟲密度、總密度自五月份始有逐月升高趨勢,12月下降,其中5、7、9、10、11月較高。蟑螂成蟲密度消長趨勢不明顯,以5、10月較高。(3)太原鐵路地區(qū)蟑螂侵害情況:粘捕法與藥激法侵害率檢測結(jié)果比較,粘捕法年均侵害率12.4%,藥激法侵害率2.85%。通過按月配對,用配對t檢驗(yàn),粘捕法與藥激法有顯著性差異(t=4.787 P＜0.001)。不同監(jiān)測單位蟑螂侵害情況:太原乘務(wù)員公寓最高(6.18%)其次為太原站(6.02%)、太原車輛段(4.82%),太原北站未發(fā)現(xiàn)有蟑螂活動(dòng)。不同場所蟑螂侵害情況:餐飲場所最高(12.68%),其次為售貨部門(5%),第三是客房(公寓、車站)(3.21%),第四是候車室(1.67%),辦公樓及車輛檢修車間未有發(fā)現(xiàn)。侵害率季節(jié)消長趨勢,用粘捕法調(diào)查,蟑螂侵害率自5月始有升高趨勢,其中以5月、9-11月較高,12月下降。(4)室內(nèi)外氣溫氣濕的比較:全年室內(nèi)外溫度有差異顯著性(F=25.75 P＜0.001),全年室內(nèi)外濕度無差異顯著性(F=0.29P＞0.05);室內(nèi)溫度11.9℃—30.1℃,平均溫度21.05℃:室內(nèi)相對濕度52%-91.5%,平均濕度76.17%,屬高濕環(huán)境。室內(nèi)外溫濕度的季節(jié)變化趨勢:全年室外氣溫自3月份上升,6月份最高,11月份開始下降;室內(nèi)氣溫與室外氣溫變化趨勢基本一致,以6月最高12月最低。室外氣濕年變化不大,以11月、12月較低:室內(nèi)濕度年變化以5、6月最高,11月12月較低,與室外氣濕基本一致。(5)室內(nèi)溫濕度對蟑螂侵害率、蟑螂密度季節(jié)消長趨勢的影響:粘捕法成、若蟲和總密度與溫度無相關(guān)關(guān)系,成蟲密度與相對濕度無相關(guān)關(guān)系,但若蟲密度、總密度與相對濕度均有負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(r若=-0.664,P成=0.018,N=12:r總=-0.671,P總=0.017,N=12)。從季節(jié)消長趨勢方面來看,溫度的消長與蟑螂密度、侵害率消長的趨勢一致,而濕度的消長則不完全一致,僅在11-12月氣濕降低與蟑密度下降趨勢相吻合。 結(jié)論:(1)通過兩種方法對蟑密度和侵害率兩個(gè)指標(biāo)檢測結(jié)果的比較分析,粘捕法優(yōu)于藥激法。在蟑螂密度季節(jié)消長調(diào)查、侵害率調(diào)查和防治效果考核當(dāng)中,粘捕法檢出率高于藥激法,結(jié)果穩(wěn)定、可靠、真實(shí),建議首選粘捕法;在滅蟑效果考核和滅蟑先進(jìn)單位評選中和其它一些調(diào)查研究的預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,藥激法因?yàn)橐子谕徊?調(diào)查周期短,便于操作,建議首選藥激法。(2)太原鐵路地區(qū)蟑螂種群分布調(diào)查僅發(fā)現(xiàn)德國小蠊一種。蟑螂密度季節(jié)消長趨勢顯示,全年各月均有蟑螂活動(dòng),其中以5、7、9、10、11月份較高。(3)不同監(jiān)測單位蟑螂侵害情況:太原乘務(wù)員公寓最高(6.18%)其次為太原站(6.02%)、太原車輛段(4.82%),太原北站未發(fā)現(xiàn)有蟑螂活動(dòng)。不同場所蟑螂侵害情況:餐飲場所最高(12.68%),其次為售貨部門(5%),第三是客房(3.21%),第四是候車室(1.67%),辦公及車輛檢修車間未有發(fā)現(xiàn)。蟑螂侵害率消長趨勢顯示,從5月開始升高,全年有兩個(gè)高峰,其中以5月、9-11月較高。(4)室內(nèi)溫度季節(jié)消長變化與蟑螂密度和侵害率季節(jié)消長趨勢一致,自5月開始有升高趨勢,其中以5月、9-11月較高,12月下降。室內(nèi)濕度年變化不大,1到10月屬高濕季節(jié),其它時(shí)期氣濕較低,室內(nèi)溫濕度對蟑螂的生長繁殖均有影響,溫度可能是主要影響因素。(5)要在蟑螂生長繁殖與活動(dòng)的高峰來臨之前即冬春季,及時(shí)采取大規(guī)模防制活動(dòng),以有效控制蟑螂危害。
[Abstract]:OBJECTIVE:On the basis of analyzing and comparing the application value of sticking capture method and drug stimulation method in monitoring the density of cockroaches and checking the control effect of cockroaches,to select the appropriate method to investigate and understand the current situation of cockroaches invasion,population distribution and seasonal fluctuation trend in Taiyuan railway area,so as to better control the cockroaches with rational drug use. Hazards provide theoretical basis.
Methods: (1) Investigation subjects: Taiyuan Railway Station, Taiyuan North Railway Station, Taiyuan depot (passenger train depot stop, maintenance), Taiyuan crew apartment as the investigation object. (2) Investigation methods: 1) The investigation point was randomly determined by sticking method to put uniform specifications of sticky cockroach board, with fresh sweet bread as bait (2g / sheet), every 15-2 standard rooms. One sheet of cloth was placed in the place where cockroaches were active, and the cloth was put at night and harvested in the morning, and counted and classified. No less than 10 sheets were placed at each point, and each investigation point was relatively fixed in each place. 2 Investigation points of drug stimulation method were determined by drug stimulation method. Linear spraying of insecticide aerosol was used to spray the wall and object gap at the place where sticky cockroaches were placed in the same place. The number of cockroaches was recorded and classified after 1 minute.3 The indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity were measured at each site during the population density and seasonal fluctuation survey. The wet-bulb yarn was ventilated with distilled water to wet the DHM2 dry-wet thermometer, tightly wound, and the watch was suspended with the height of the breathing belt, and the reading was made after 10 minutes.4 The cockroach population identification will be used. Cockroaches caught by sticking method or drug stimulation method were identified under anatomical microscope according to the key list of cockroach species. _Investigation time: January to December 2006, once a month in the middle of the survey. The interval between the two surveys was not less than 7 days for the drug-treated sites.
Result: (1) Comparing the results of sticking method and drug stimulation method, the density of adult by sticking method (0.0779 cockroaches per board) was significantly higher than that by drug stimulation method (0.0244 cockroaches per point) (z = - 2.29 P = 0.022), and nymph density by sticking method (0.4193 cockroaches per board) was significantly higher than that by drug stimulation method (0.049 cockroaches per board). The density of insects (0.0464/point) (z = - 2.353 P = 0.019), the total density of sticking method (0.4968/plate) was significantly higher than that of pesticide stimulation method (0.0716/point) (z = - 2.432 P = 0.015). The annual average invasion rate of sticking method (12.4% + 7.2479) was significantly higher than that of pesticide stimulation method (2.85% + 2.42345) (t = 4.787 P = 0.01). Long-term trend: 745 adult cockroaches were caught in all monitoring sites in Taiyuan Railway area, the ratio of male to female was 1.45:1, all of them were Blattella germanica; the seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroaches was investigated by stick-capture method. Cockroach activity and nymph density of cockroaches were observed in Taiyuan Railway area all year round, and the total density increased month by month from May to December, and decreased in May, July, September, October and November. (3) Cockroach infestation in Taiyuan Railway area: Compared with the pesticide stimulation method, the average annual infestation rate was 12.4%, and the pesticide stimulation method was 2.85%. Cockroach infestation in different monitoring units: Taiyuan crew apartment was the highest (6.18%) followed by Taiyuan Station (6.02%) and Taiyuan depot (4.82%). No cockroach activity was found in Taiyuan North Station. The rate of cockroach infestation increased from May to December, and it was higher in May, September to November, and decreased in December. (4) Comparison of indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity: There was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor temperature throughout the year (F = 25.75 P < 0.001), and there was no difference in indoor and outdoor humidity throughout the year. The difference was significant (F = 0.29P > 0.05); the indoor temperature was 11.9 30.1, the average temperature was 21.05: the indoor relative humidity was 52% - 91.5%, and the average humidity was 76.17%. The seasonal variation trend of indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity was: the outdoor temperature increased in March, the highest in June, and began to decline in November; the variation trend of indoor and outdoor temperature was basically the same. The annual variation of indoor humidity was the highest in May and June, and the lowest in November and December, which was basically the same as that of outdoor humidity. (5) The influence of indoor temperature and humidity on cockroach invasion rate and seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroach density: stick catching method, nymph and total density had no correlation with temperature. There was no correlation between insect density and relative humidity, but there was a negative correlation between nymph density, total density and relative humidity (r = 0.664, P = 0.018, N = 12:r = 0.671, P = 0.017, N = 12). The trend of seasonal fluctuation of temperature was consistent with that of cockroach density and damage rate, but the fluctuation of humidity was not completely consistent, only at 1. The decrease of gas humidity in 1-12 months coincided with the decreasing trend of cockroach density.
Conclusion: (1) By comparing the results of cockroach density and damage rate, the sticking method is superior to the drug shock method. In the selection of advanced cockroach-killing units and other preliminary experiments, the drug-stimulation method is recommended as the first choice because it is easy to make a sudden investigation, short investigation period and easy to operate. (2) The survey of cockroach population distribution in Taiyuan railway area only found one species of cockroach. The seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroach density shows that cockroach activity occurs every month of the year, including cockroach activity. Cockroaches in different monitoring units were the highest (6.18%), followed by Taiyuan Station (6.02%), Taiyuan vehicle depot (4.82%) and Taiyuan North Station (4.82%). Fourthly, the waiting room (1.67%) was not found in the office and vehicle repair workshop. The trend of cockroach infestation rate showed that it increased from May to the end of the year, and there were two peaks, the highest of which was from May to September to November. (4) The seasonal variation of indoor temperature was consistent with the seasonal fluctuation of cockroach density and infestation rate. The indoor humidity changes little from January to October, and the humidity is low in other periods. The indoor temperature and humidity have an effect on the growth and reproduction of cockroaches. Temperature may be the main influencing factor. (5) Large-scale control activities should be taken in time in winter and spring before the peak of cockroaches'growth and reproduction and activities. Control cockroach harms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：R184

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 周洋;;美麗的非洲蟑螂[J];時(shí)代青年(悅讀);2011年06期

2 梁鐵麟;何上虹;;殺蟑毒餌[J];中華衛(wèi)生殺蟲藥械;2011年04期

3 王艷輝;王柏海;萬愛國;;滅蟑膠餌施用技術(shù)[J];中華衛(wèi)生殺蟲藥械;2011年04期

4 王路梅;楊晉川;郭惠;張雷;;熒光PCR與免疫磁珠技術(shù)相結(jié)合用于霍亂弧菌的檢索[J];中國衛(wèi)生檢驗(yàn)雜志;2011年07期

5 陶慧;崔華;宋華;;城區(qū)居民家庭蟑螂侵害現(xiàn)狀及防治對策[J];中華衛(wèi)生殺蟲藥械;2011年04期

6 何國輝;;東豐縣2010年鼠、蟑螂、蠅密度監(jiān)測分析報(bào)告[J];中國社區(qū)醫(yī)師(醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè));2011年20期

7 黃素蘭;林新武;康素萍;陳加揚(yáng);胡奇膽;;莆田口岸秀嶼港蠅類種群及季節(jié)消長監(jiān)測報(bào)告[J];口岸衛(wèi)生控制;2011年04期

8 侯銀續(xù);張家林;張躍玉;陸群;王曉敏;蘇寶;魏永;吳麗琴;于修貴;吳明生;;安徽省夏秋季蚊類初步調(diào)查[J];中國媒介生物學(xué)及控制雜志;2011年04期

9 成誠;;月亮代表我的心,別讓性密度誤導(dǎo)你[J];婚育與健康;2011年22期

10 王毅軍;郭利平;謝陵;朱樟國;;大榭口岸鼠形動(dòng)物及其體表寄生蟲調(diào)查[J];中國國境衛(wèi)生檢疫雜志;2011年04期

相關(guān)會議論文 前10條

1 職明星;石曉華;范亞磊;李秀菊;;密度與施氮量對百棉1號產(chǎn)量的影響[A];中國棉花學(xué)會2006年年會暨第七次代表大會論文匯編[C];2006年

2 宋志光;;蔟中蠶頭密度和不同覆蓋物對蠶的影響[A];第四次西部選原種學(xué)術(shù)研討會論文集[C];2006年

3 趙長偉;馬沛生;何明霞;;激光全息干涉法測定L-抗壞血酸水溶液擴(kuò)散系數(shù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[A];第三屆全國傳質(zhì)與分離工程學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];2002年

4 馬殿光;劉新;岳翠平;;疏浚泥制作新型土工材料的力學(xué)特性研究[A];港口工程分會技術(shù)交流文集[C];2005年

5 郭自慧;;光亮(鱗片狀)銀粉的研制[A];第四屆全國顆粒制備與處理學(xué)術(shù)會議論文集[C];1995年

6 李潔;;利用各種織物組織及經(jīng)緯支數(shù)、密度的變化開發(fā)織造新產(chǎn)品[A];“常紡院杯”全國織造新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)學(xué)術(shù)研討會暨2008織造年會論文集[C];2008年

7 程金樹;王覓堂;;輕稀土摻雜對Na_2O-CaO-SiO_2玻璃化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性的影響[A];中國硅酸鹽學(xué)會玻璃分會2009年全國玻璃科學(xué)技術(shù)年會論文集[C];2009年

8 吳良華;;滌綸筒子紗染花成因及解決措施[A];“浙江宏達(dá)”杯第三屆全國印染新技術(shù)暨助劑新產(chǎn)品新成果學(xué)術(shù)交流會論文集[C];2009年

9 徐慶柏;劉蘭俊;;消失模涂料粘度和密度測定方法的選擇[A];第八屆21�。ㄊ�、自治區(qū)）4市鑄造學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集[C];2006年

10 徐慶柏;劉蘭俊;;消失模涂料粘度和密度測定方法的選擇[A];首屆安徽鑄造技術(shù)大會論文集[C];2006年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前10條

1 本報(bào)記者 閆松　甘勃;小蟑螂引起一場大“運(yùn)動(dòng)”[N];大眾科技報(bào);2008年

2 記者 錢錚;心臟神經(jīng)密度下降預(yù)示可能患帕金森氏癥[N];新華每日電訊;2009年

3 本報(bào)記者 劉勇　本報(bào)通訊員 楊笑志;優(yōu)美環(huán)境豈容蟑螂破壞[N];人民鐵道;2009年

4 記者 于海;沈陽打響滅殺蟑螂戰(zhàn)役[N];沈陽日報(bào);2009年

5 記者 呂靜;全市蟑螂平均密度降到國家考核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[N];本溪日報(bào);2009年

6 記者 潘榮進(jìn)　通訊員 高振興 劉婧 朱伯林;泰州口岸首次截獲美洲蟑螂[N];泰州日報(bào);2010年

7 本報(bào)記者 王書春;“蟑螂恐懼癥”少女發(fā)明捕蟑器獲國家專利[N];沈陽日報(bào);2010年

8 特邀嘉賓 北京市疾病預(yù)防控制中心副主任 曾曉們;“蟑螂博士”說蟑螂[N];健康報(bào);2011年

9 記者 彭磊　通訊員 李放軍;基層醫(yī)生完成武漢首部蟑螂報(bào)告[N];湖北日報(bào);2011年

10 權(quán)靜;自制殺蟑螂藥[N];保健時(shí)報(bào);2004年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 申麗霞;碳氮代謝對夏玉米穗粒數(shù)形成的影響機(jī)理[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2005年

2 劉瓊;土地市場視角下我國城市土地潛力研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2007年

3 夏炎;改性速生楊木變異性研究[D];南京林業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

4 李海;典型草原天然牧草青貯技術(shù)研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

5 高紅;中高層大氣氣輝輻射研究[D];中國科學(xué)院研究生院（空間科學(xué)與應(yīng)用研究中心）;2008年

6 李莉;蟑螂濃核病毒的三維結(jié)構(gòu)研究[D];武漢大學(xué);2003年

7 陳志斌;玉米新品種生理生態(tài)特性及優(yōu)化栽培措施研究[D];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2001年

8 孫春靜;金屬熔體的黏滯特性及相關(guān)物性的研究[D];山東大學(xué);2007年

9 劉建華;隴東旱塬冬小麥、玉米生產(chǎn)潛力估算指標(biāo)研究[D];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2009年

10 唐四葉;氯化聚丙烯溶液性質(zhì)和超聲降解動(dòng)力學(xué)的研究[D];鄭州大學(xué);2006年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 孫學(xué)禮;太原鐵路地區(qū)蟑螂種群分布和季節(jié)消長趨勢調(diào)查研究[D];山西醫(yī)科大學(xué);2007年

2 張凌;兩個(gè)互異圓盤的稠密填充[D];河北師范大學(xué);2003年

3 魯葉江;川西亞高山箭竹密度對土壤碳、氮庫的影響[D];中國科學(xué)院研究生院（成都生物研究所）;2005年

4 陳峰;基于聚類的增量數(shù)據(jù)挖掘研究[D];大連海事大學(xué);2007年

5 張寧霞;東北松嫩平原地區(qū)碳酸鹽漬土特性研究[D];長安大學(xué);2008年

6 張勇;秦甘80甘藍(lán)發(fā)育特性及關(guān)鍵栽培技術(shù)研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2005年

7 柯裕州;湖北省不同密度南方型楊樹林分的生長分析與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益評價(jià)[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2005年

8 李炳凱;皖南丘崗地區(qū)火炬松林分結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控技術(shù)的研究[D];南京林業(yè)大學(xué);2005年

9 陳文剛;荷蘭當(dāng)代建筑師的密度實(shí)踐[D];華中科技大學(xué);2005年

10 王金照;深過冷液態(tài)金屬熱物性的分子動(dòng)力學(xué)模擬[D];清華大學(xué);2002年

，

本文編號：2192100