【摘要】： 目的:在分析比較粘捕法與藥激法二種監(jiān)測(cè)方法在蟑螂密度監(jiān)測(cè)中的效果和防制效果考核中應(yīng)用價(jià)值的基礎(chǔ)上,選擇適宜的方法調(diào)查了解目前太原鐵路地區(qū)蟑螂侵害狀況、種群分布及季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),為更好地合理用藥和有效控制蟑螂危害提供理論依據(jù)。 方法:(1)調(diào)查對(duì)象:以太原鐵路地區(qū)太原站、太原北站、太原車(chē)輛段(旅客列車(chē)庫(kù)停、檢修)、太原乘務(wù)員公寓為調(diào)查對(duì)象。(2)調(diào)查方法:①粘捕法隨機(jī)確定用粘捕法的調(diào)查點(diǎn)布放統(tǒng)一規(guī)格的粘蟑板,用新鮮甜面包為誘餌(2克/張),每15m~2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間布1張,置于蟑螂活動(dòng)的場(chǎng)所,晚放晨收,并計(jì)數(shù)分類(lèi)。各點(diǎn)布放不少于10張,點(diǎn)內(nèi)各場(chǎng)所每次調(diào)查點(diǎn)相對(duì)固定。②藥激法確定用藥激法的調(diào)查點(diǎn),在與同類(lèi)場(chǎng)所布放粘蟑板相似環(huán)境處,用殺蟲(chóng)氣霧劑對(duì)布板處墻壁、物體縫隙進(jìn)行線(xiàn)狀噴射,10分鐘后記錄激出的蟑螂數(shù)并分類(lèi)。③溫濕度監(jiān)測(cè)每次進(jìn)行種群密度及季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)調(diào)查時(shí),測(cè)定調(diào)查點(diǎn)各場(chǎng)所室內(nèi)外溫濕度。用蒸餾水濕潤(rùn)DHM2通風(fēng)干濕溫度表濕球紗條,上緊發(fā)條,將表懸掛與呼吸帶高度,10分鐘后讀數(shù)。④蟑螂種群鑒定:將用粘捕法或藥激法捕獲的蟑螂在解剖顯微鏡下,由專(zhuān)人依照蟑螂種類(lèi)檢索表進(jìn)行鑒定。⑤調(diào)查時(shí)間:2006年1月至12月,每月中旬調(diào)查一次。對(duì)用藥品處理過(guò)的調(diào)查點(diǎn),相鄰二次調(diào)查時(shí)間間隔不短于7天。 結(jié)果:(1)粘捕法與藥激法結(jié)果比較:通過(guò)對(duì)全年粘捕法和藥激法蟑螂密度配對(duì)秩和檢驗(yàn)和侵害率配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn),粘捕法成蟲(chóng)密度(0.0779只/板)顯著高于藥激法成蟲(chóng)密度(0.0244只/點(diǎn))(z=-2.29 p=0.022),粘捕法若蟲(chóng)密度(0.4193只/板)顯著高于藥激法若蟲(chóng)密度(0.0464只/點(diǎn))(z=-2.353 p=0.019),粘捕法總密度(0.4968只/板)顯著高于藥激法總密度(0.0716只/點(diǎn))(z=-2.432 p=0.015):粘捕法年均侵害率(12.4%±7.2479)顯著高于藥激法侵害率(2.85%±2.42345)(t=4.787 p=0.01)。(2)太原鐵路地區(qū)蟑螂種群分布及密度季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì):太原鐵路地區(qū)全年所有監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)共捕獲成蟲(chóng):745只,雌雄比1.45:1,全部為德國(guó)小蠊;蟑螂季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),用粘捕法調(diào)查,太原鐵路地區(qū)全年均有蟑螂活動(dòng),蟑螂若蟲(chóng)密度、總密度自五月份始有逐月升高趨勢(shì),12月下降,其中5、7、9、10、11月較高。蟑螂成蟲(chóng)密度消長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)不明顯,以5、10月較高。(3)太原鐵路地區(qū)蟑螂侵害情況:粘捕法與藥激法侵害率檢測(cè)結(jié)果比較,粘捕法年均侵害率12.4%,藥激法侵害率2.85%。通過(guò)按月配對(duì),用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn),粘捕法與藥激法有顯著性差異(t=4.787 P＜0.001)。不同監(jiān)測(cè)單位蟑螂侵害情況:太原乘務(wù)員公寓最高(6.18%)其次為太原站(6.02%)、太原車(chē)輛段(4.82%),太原北站未發(fā)現(xiàn)有蟑螂活動(dòng)。不同場(chǎng)所蟑螂侵害情況:餐飲場(chǎng)所最高(12.68%),其次為售貨部門(mén)(5%),第三是客房(公寓、車(chē)站)(3.21%),第四是候車(chē)室(1.67%),辦公樓及車(chē)輛檢修車(chē)間未有發(fā)現(xiàn)。侵害率季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),用粘捕法調(diào)查,蟑螂侵害率自5月始有升高趨勢(shì),其中以5月、9-11月較高,12月下降。(4)室內(nèi)外氣溫氣濕的比較:全年室內(nèi)外溫度有差異顯著性(F=25.75 P＜0.001),全年室內(nèi)外濕度無(wú)差異顯著性(F=0.29P＞0.05);室內(nèi)溫度11.9℃—30.1℃,平均溫度21.05℃:室內(nèi)相對(duì)濕度52%-91.5%,平均濕度76.17%,屬高濕環(huán)境。室內(nèi)外溫濕度的季節(jié)變化趨勢(shì):全年室外氣溫自3月份上升,6月份最高,11月份開(kāi)始下降;室內(nèi)氣溫與室外氣溫變化趨勢(shì)基本一致,以6月最高12月最低。室外氣濕年變化不大,以11月、12月較低:室內(nèi)濕度年變化以5、6月最高,11月12月較低,與室外氣濕基本一致。(5)室內(nèi)溫濕度對(duì)蟑螂侵害率、蟑螂密度季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)的影響:粘捕法成、若蟲(chóng)和總密度與溫度無(wú)相關(guān)關(guān)系,成蟲(chóng)密度與相對(duì)濕度無(wú)相關(guān)關(guān)系,但若蟲(chóng)密度、總密度與相對(duì)濕度均有負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(r若=-0.664,P成=0.018,N=12:r總=-0.671,P總=0.017,N=12)。從季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)方面來(lái)看,溫度的消長(zhǎng)與蟑螂密度、侵害率消長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)一致,而濕度的消長(zhǎng)則不完全一致,僅在11-12月氣濕降低與蟑密度下降趨勢(shì)相吻合。 結(jié)論:(1)通過(guò)兩種方法對(duì)蟑密度和侵害率兩個(gè)指標(biāo)檢測(cè)結(jié)果的比較分析,粘捕法優(yōu)于藥激法。在蟑螂密度季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)調(diào)查、侵害率調(diào)查和防治效果考核當(dāng)中,粘捕法檢出率高于藥激法,結(jié)果穩(wěn)定、可靠、真實(shí),建議首選粘捕法;在滅蟑效果考核和滅蟑先進(jìn)單位評(píng)選中和其它一些調(diào)查研究的預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,藥激法因?yàn)橐子谕徊?調(diào)查周期短,便于操作,建議首選藥激法。(2)太原鐵路地區(qū)蟑螂種群分布調(diào)查僅發(fā)現(xiàn)德國(guó)小蠊一種。蟑螂密度季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)顯示,全年各月均有蟑螂活動(dòng),其中以5、7、9、10、11月份較高。(3)不同監(jiān)測(cè)單位蟑螂侵害情況:太原乘務(wù)員公寓最高(6.18%)其次為太原站(6.02%)、太原車(chē)輛段(4.82%),太原北站未發(fā)現(xiàn)有蟑螂活動(dòng)。不同場(chǎng)所蟑螂侵害情況:餐飲場(chǎng)所最高(12.68%),其次為售貨部門(mén)(5%),第三是客房(3.21%),第四是候車(chē)室(1.67%),辦公及車(chē)輛檢修車(chē)間未有發(fā)現(xiàn)。蟑螂侵害率消長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)顯示,從5月開(kāi)始升高,全年有兩個(gè)高峰,其中以5月、9-11月較高。(4)室內(nèi)溫度季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)變化與蟑螂密度和侵害率季節(jié)消長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)一致,自5月開(kāi)始有升高趨勢(shì),其中以5月、9-11月較高,12月下降。室內(nèi)濕度年變化不大,1到10月屬高濕季節(jié),其它時(shí)期氣濕較低,室內(nèi)溫濕度對(duì)蟑螂的生長(zhǎng)繁殖均有影響,溫度可能是主要影響因素。(5)要在蟑螂生長(zhǎng)繁殖與活動(dòng)的高峰來(lái)臨之前即冬春季,及時(shí)采取大規(guī)模防制活動(dòng),以有效控制蟑螂危害。
[Abstract]:OBJECTIVE:On the basis of analyzing and comparing the application value of sticking capture method and drug stimulation method in monitoring the density of cockroaches and checking the control effect of cockroaches,to select the appropriate method to investigate and understand the current situation of cockroaches invasion,population distribution and seasonal fluctuation trend in Taiyuan railway area,so as to better control the cockroaches with rational drug use. Hazards provide theoretical basis.
Methods: (1) Investigation subjects: Taiyuan Railway Station, Taiyuan North Railway Station, Taiyuan depot (passenger train depot stop, maintenance), Taiyuan crew apartment as the investigation object. (2) Investigation methods: 1) The investigation point was randomly determined by sticking method to put uniform specifications of sticky cockroach board, with fresh sweet bread as bait (2g / sheet), every 15-2 standard rooms. One sheet of cloth was placed in the place where cockroaches were active, and the cloth was put at night and harvested in the morning, and counted and classified. No less than 10 sheets were placed at each point, and each investigation point was relatively fixed in each place. 2 Investigation points of drug stimulation method were determined by drug stimulation method. Linear spraying of insecticide aerosol was used to spray the wall and object gap at the place where sticky cockroaches were placed in the same place. The number of cockroaches was recorded and classified after 1 minute.3 The indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity were measured at each site during the population density and seasonal fluctuation survey. The wet-bulb yarn was ventilated with distilled water to wet the DHM2 dry-wet thermometer, tightly wound, and the watch was suspended with the height of the breathing belt, and the reading was made after 10 minutes.4 The cockroach population identification will be used. Cockroaches caught by sticking method or drug stimulation method were identified under anatomical microscope according to the key list of cockroach species. _Investigation time: January to December 2006, once a month in the middle of the survey. The interval between the two surveys was not less than 7 days for the drug-treated sites.
Result: (1) Comparing the results of sticking method and drug stimulation method, the density of adult by sticking method (0.0779 cockroaches per board) was significantly higher than that by drug stimulation method (0.0244 cockroaches per point) (z = - 2.29 P = 0.022), and nymph density by sticking method (0.4193 cockroaches per board) was significantly higher than that by drug stimulation method (0.049 cockroaches per board). The density of insects (0.0464/point) (z = - 2.353 P = 0.019), the total density of sticking method (0.4968/plate) was significantly higher than that of pesticide stimulation method (0.0716/point) (z = - 2.432 P = 0.015). The annual average invasion rate of sticking method (12.4% + 7.2479) was significantly higher than that of pesticide stimulation method (2.85% + 2.42345) (t = 4.787 P = 0.01). Long-term trend: 745 adult cockroaches were caught in all monitoring sites in Taiyuan Railway area, the ratio of male to female was 1.45:1, all of them were Blattella germanica; the seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroaches was investigated by stick-capture method. Cockroach activity and nymph density of cockroaches were observed in Taiyuan Railway area all year round, and the total density increased month by month from May to December, and decreased in May, July, September, October and November. (3) Cockroach infestation in Taiyuan Railway area: Compared with the pesticide stimulation method, the average annual infestation rate was 12.4%, and the pesticide stimulation method was 2.85%. Cockroach infestation in different monitoring units: Taiyuan crew apartment was the highest (6.18%) followed by Taiyuan Station (6.02%) and Taiyuan depot (4.82%). No cockroach activity was found in Taiyuan North Station. The rate of cockroach infestation increased from May to December, and it was higher in May, September to November, and decreased in December. (4) Comparison of indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity: There was a significant difference between indoor and outdoor temperature throughout the year (F = 25.75 P < 0.001), and there was no difference in indoor and outdoor humidity throughout the year. The difference was significant (F = 0.29P > 0.05); the indoor temperature was 11.9 30.1, the average temperature was 21.05: the indoor relative humidity was 52% - 91.5%, and the average humidity was 76.17%. The seasonal variation trend of indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity was: the outdoor temperature increased in March, the highest in June, and began to decline in November; the variation trend of indoor and outdoor temperature was basically the same. The annual variation of indoor humidity was the highest in May and June, and the lowest in November and December, which was basically the same as that of outdoor humidity. (5) The influence of indoor temperature and humidity on cockroach invasion rate and seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroach density: stick catching method, nymph and total density had no correlation with temperature. There was no correlation between insect density and relative humidity, but there was a negative correlation between nymph density, total density and relative humidity (r = 0.664, P = 0.018, N = 12:r = 0.671, P = 0.017, N = 12). The trend of seasonal fluctuation of temperature was consistent with that of cockroach density and damage rate, but the fluctuation of humidity was not completely consistent, only at 1. The decrease of gas humidity in 1-12 months coincided with the decreasing trend of cockroach density.
Conclusion: (1) By comparing the results of cockroach density and damage rate, the sticking method is superior to the drug shock method. In the selection of advanced cockroach-killing units and other preliminary experiments, the drug-stimulation method is recommended as the first choice because it is easy to make a sudden investigation, short investigation period and easy to operate. (2) The survey of cockroach population distribution in Taiyuan railway area only found one species of cockroach. The seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroach density shows that cockroach activity occurs every month of the year, including cockroach activity. Cockroaches in different monitoring units were the highest (6.18%), followed by Taiyuan Station (6.02%), Taiyuan vehicle depot (4.82%) and Taiyuan North Station (4.82%). Fourthly, the waiting room (1.67%) was not found in the office and vehicle repair workshop. The trend of cockroach infestation rate showed that it increased from May to the end of the year, and there were two peaks, the highest of which was from May to September to November. (4) The seasonal variation of indoor temperature was consistent with the seasonal fluctuation of cockroach density and infestation rate. The indoor humidity changes little from January to October, and the humidity is low in other periods. The indoor temperature and humidity have an effect on the growth and reproduction of cockroaches. Temperature may be the main influencing factor. (5) Large-scale control activities should be taken in time in winter and spring before the peak of cockroaches'growth and reproduction and activities. Control cockroach harms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R184

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