【摘要】： 研究背景 傷害嚴重威脅著人類的健康與生命,是一個重要的公共衛(wèi)生問題,也是世界各國的主要死亡原因之一。傷害不僅給家庭和社會帶來巨大經(jīng)濟負擔,而且直接影響到人均期望壽命和社會發(fā)展速度。我國居民傷害問題的嚴重性已經(jīng)引起有關政府部門及專業(yè)人士的重視。通過對黃島區(qū)醫(yī)院傷害病例流行病學特征進行描述性分析研究,探討預防與控制傷害發(fā)生的策略。 研究目的 對青島市黃島區(qū)2006-2008年醫(yī)院傷害監(jiān)測資料進行統(tǒng)計分析,了解黃島區(qū)傷害發(fā)生的流行病學分布特征,識別影響傷害發(fā)生的有關因素,為開展傷害預防、控制、干預工作提供科學依據(jù)。 研究方法 在全區(qū)各級醫(yī)療單位建立傷害監(jiān)測報告系統(tǒng),采用中國疾病預防控制中心統(tǒng)一制定的《全國傷害監(jiān)測報告卡》,對前來就診的首診傷害病例進行登記。通過對3年傷害監(jiān)測資料進行描述性研究分析,了解黃島區(qū)傷害發(fā)生的流行病學特征。 結果 三年累計收集傷害卡片23085張。傷害監(jiān)測病例中男性多于女性,男女性別比為3.70：1；從年齡上看,20～44歲年齡組最高,占傷害發(fā)生總數(shù)的69.02%,是傷害發(fā)生的高危人群,0-19歲人群以跌倒／跌落和動物傷為主,65歲以上人群傷害的主要原因是跌倒／跌落；傷害發(fā)生職業(yè)構成以生產(chǎn)運輸設備操作人員及有關人員為主,占23.81%；傷害發(fā)生地點居首位的是工業(yè)和建筑場所,其次是公路街道、家中；受傷原因順位居前5位的分別為鈍器傷(26.28%)、跌倒／墜落(22.12%)、刀／銳器傷(20.75%)、交通傷(16.82%)和動物傷(2.30%)；傷害發(fā)生的時間存在一定的集中分布,一年中傷害發(fā)生的月份分布集中在7-10月,占總報告病例數(shù)的51.45%。從傷害發(fā)生的日分布圖可以看出,傷害多發(fā)生在9-11點、15-17點兩個時間段；在傷害的嚴重程度上,監(jiān)測病例以輕微的淺表傷和中等程度的傷害為主,占所有監(jiān)測病例數(shù)的97.82%；從傷害的意圖來看,絕大多數(shù)傷害均以非故意傷害為主(88.84%)；在傷害結局中,因傷害致死病例主要發(fā)生在20-24歲(16.67%)、25～44歲(62.50%)兩個年齡組。 結論 傷害嚴重危害黃島區(qū)居民身體健康和生命安全,傷害的發(fā)生帶來勞動力和其它潛在損失,應該引起重視。應根據(jù)實際情況,采取各項干預措施改變傷害的影響因素,通過宣傳教育、健康促進、消除環(huán)境危險因素等策略控制傷害的發(fā)生,開展傷害的預防、控制與干預工作。
[Abstract]:Research background
Injury is a serious threat to human health and life. It is an important public health problem and one of the main causes of death in all countries of the world. Injury not only brings great economic burden to family and society, but also directly affects the life expectancy and the speed of social development. The attention of government departments and professionals. Through descriptive analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of hospital injury cases in Huangdao District, the strategies for preventing and controlling injury are discussed.
research objective
The data of 2006-2008 years' hospital injury monitoring in Huangdao District, Qingdao, were statistically analyzed to understand the epidemiological distribution characteristics of the injury in Huangdao District, to identify the related factors affecting the occurrence of injury, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control and intervention of injury.
research method
The injury monitoring report system was established at all levels of medical units at all levels, and the national injury monitoring report card, which was formulated by the China Center for Disease Control and prevention, was adopted to register the first diagnosis of the injury cases. The epidemiological characteristics of the injury in Huangdao district were analyzed by descriptive analysis of the 3 year injury monitoring data.
Result
Three years of cumulative injury cards were collected in 23085 cases. Male and female were more than women in injury monitoring cases, and the sex ratio of men and women was 3.70:1. From age, the 20~44 year old age group was the highest, accounting for 69.02% of the total injury occurrence. It was the high-risk group of injury, and the majority of the 0-19 year old people were mainly of fall / fall and animal injury, and the main injury of people over 65 years old. Due to fall / fall, the occupational composition of injury occurred mainly in the production of transportation equipment operators and related personnel, accounting for 23.81%; the first place of injury occurred in industrial and construction sites, followed by road streets and home; the first 5 injuries were blunt injury (26.28%), fall / fall (22.12%), knife / sharp injury ( 20.75%), traffic injury (16.82%) and animal injury (2.30%); the time of injury occurred in a certain concentration distribution, the month distribution of injury occurred in 7-10 months. The 51.45%. of the total number of reported cases from the daily distribution of injury occurred at 9-11 points, 15-17 points, two time periods, and the severity of the injury. The monitoring cases were mainly mild superficial injury and moderate injury, accounting for 97.82% of all cases of monitoring. From the point of view of injury, most of the injuries were mainly unintentional injury (88.84%). In the end of the injury, the fatal cases were mainly at 20-24 years (16.67%), 25~44 years (62.50%) two age groups.
conclusion
The injury seriously endangers the health and life safety of the residents in Huangdao District, and the occurrence of injury brings labor and other potential losses. It should be paid attention to. According to the actual situation, various intervention measures should be taken to change the influencing factors of injury and control the occurrence of injury through propaganda and education, health promotion, elimination of environmental risk factors and so on. The prevention, control and intervention of injury.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：R181.3

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