本文選題：日本血吸蟲病 + 日本血吸蟲��； 參考：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2006年博士論文

【摘要】： 日本血吸蟲病是一種嚴(yán)重危害人類健康的人畜共患性疾病，在流行區(qū)嚴(yán)重影響居民的健康和當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。湖北釘螺是日本血吸蟲的唯一中間宿主，在血吸蟲病流行中起著極其重要的作用。在我國大陸，釘螺主要分布于長江以南的12個(gè)省、市、自治區(qū)。至2003年全國共有釘螺面積3，786.8Km~2。以往國內(nèi)外對釘螺的形態(tài)學(xué)、地理分布、孳生環(huán)境、生理和生化特性等方面進(jìn)入了較為深入的研究，顯示湖北釘螺不僅在我國分布較廣，而且在形態(tài)學(xué)、遺傳學(xué)以及釘螺對血吸蟲易感性等方面都存在著地域上的差異。國內(nèi)外對釘螺遺傳變異的研究中，以同工酶的研究較為多見，其次是對線粒體DNA和染色體核型等的研究，較少見對釘螺基因組遺傳變異的研究。湖北釘螺的分類，多年來一直存在著爭議，至今仍無定論，對釘螺種群內(nèi)的遺傳變異程度也存在著截然相反的結(jié)論。本次研究從釘螺形態(tài)形狀和基因組DNA水平2個(gè)層次上對我國湖北釘螺的遺傳變異進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究。 第一部分 第一節(jié)，目的探討擴(kuò)增片段長度多態(tài)性(AFLP)分子標(biāo)記在釘螺遺傳變異研究中應(yīng)用的可能性，并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)條件優(yōu)化和引物篩選。方法隨機(jī)抽取云南大理和湖南君山陰性釘螺各1只，用異硫氰酸胍和Resin等抽取DNA，然后用64對引物對基因組DNA進(jìn)行AFLP擴(kuò)增，擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物用6％的變性聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳，熒光檢測擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物。結(jié)果每對引物擴(kuò)增的AFLP標(biāo)記數(shù)在5—55之間，大理釘螺平均每對引物出現(xiàn)38.30(95％CI36.03～40.57)個(gè)標(biāo)記，君山平均每對引物擴(kuò)增出39.14(95％CI 36.71～41.57)個(gè)標(biāo)記：每對引物擴(kuò)增的多態(tài)性標(biāo)記數(shù)和多態(tài)性頻率分別在3～37個(gè)和28.6％～76.2％之間，分別平均為23.67(95％CI 22.12～25.22)和47.36％(95％CI 45.22％～49.50％)結(jié)論AFLP標(biāo)記技術(shù)能應(yīng)用于湖北釘螺的分類與遺傳多樣性的研究。 第二節(jié)，目的探討AFLP分子標(biāo)記電泳圖譜信息數(shù)量化數(shù)據(jù)的分析方法。方法隨機(jī)抽取湖南君山陰性釘螺40只，進(jìn)行AFLP擴(kuò)增，用Glyko BandScan軟件將釘螺AFLP電泳圖譜信息數(shù)量化，使用不同的讀帶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)讀帶，得到相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)集，然后對這些數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行遺傳學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析與描述性總結(jié)。結(jié)果不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所得到的遺傳變異結(jié)果均有所差別，但隨著讀帶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值的增加，反映釘螺種群遺傳多樣性指標(biāo)(如：Shannon’s信息指數(shù))也增加，當(dāng)其增加到一定水平時(shí)，又開始下降，而基因流和基因一致度則剛好相反。不同讀帶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所得的遺傳變異結(jié)果均呈明顯的正態(tài)分布(P＞0.05)。以總灰度或以總灰度百分比劃分讀帶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所得遺傳變異結(jié)果的平均值均十分接近。將采集的釘螺中篩選出40只陰性釘螺，隨機(jī)分為兩組，平均基因一致度在總灰度百分比數(shù)據(jù)中為0.956，在總灰度數(shù)據(jù)中為0.958；兩組間的平均遺傳距離在總灰度百分比數(shù)據(jù)中為0.045，在總灰度數(shù)據(jù)中為0.043。結(jié)論將電泳圖譜信息數(shù)量化，再以不同的讀帶標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去處理與分析數(shù)據(jù)的模式，是一種較為合理且準(zhǔn)確的分析方法。 第二部分 第一節(jié)，目的探討用AFLP分子標(biāo)記研究湖北釘螺遺傳變異的合理樣本量與分子位點(diǎn)數(shù)。方法選取來自于湖南君山的釘螺為研究材料，用AFLP方法對釘螺基因組DNA進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增，然后分析釘螺樣本量和分子位點(diǎn)數(shù)與遺傳變異信息可靠性的關(guān)系。結(jié)果釘螺樣本量和分子位點(diǎn)數(shù)與遺傳多樣性信息的可靠性之間存在明顯的關(guān)系。當(dāng)樣本量低于7只時(shí)，AFLP，總位點(diǎn)數(shù)、多態(tài)位點(diǎn)數(shù)、多態(tài)位點(diǎn)頻率、Nei's基因多樣性指數(shù)和Shannon's信息指數(shù)變化很大，而當(dāng)樣本量超過30只時(shí)，這些指標(biāo)值的變化趨于平穩(wěn)。當(dāng)AFLP分子位點(diǎn)數(shù)低于128時(shí)，多態(tài)位點(diǎn)頻率、Nei's基因多樣性指數(shù)、Shannon's信息指數(shù)以及這兩個(gè)指數(shù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差變化相當(dāng)劇烈，當(dāng)分子位點(diǎn)數(shù)超過338時(shí)，這些指標(biāo)值的變化趨于穩(wěn)定。結(jié)論在用AFLP分子標(biāo)記技術(shù)研究湖北釘螺的遺傳變異時(shí)，每個(gè)釘螺種群內(nèi)的樣本量最好不應(yīng)低于30只，用于研究分析的分子位點(diǎn)數(shù)最好不低于338個(gè)。 第二節(jié)，目的探討湖北釘螺形態(tài)形狀變異信息的可靠性與樣本量的關(guān)系。方法從云南大理和湖南君山兩地區(qū)隨機(jī)抽取成年釘螺各60只，分別對釘螺殼形態(tài)數(shù)量性狀進(jìn)行測量，計(jì)算各數(shù)量性狀指標(biāo)的變異系數(shù)、組間變異百分比和多樣性指數(shù)。結(jié)果當(dāng)樣本量低于30，所得到的遺傳變異的結(jié)果極不可靠，隨著樣本量的增加遺傳變異信息的可靠性也增加，當(dāng)樣本量超過55時(shí)，所得到的遺傳變異的結(jié)果趨于穩(wěn)定。結(jié)論。在湖北釘螺形態(tài)形狀的遺傳變異研究中，每個(gè)釘螺種群以分析不少于55個(gè)釘螺標(biāo)本為好。 第三部分 第一節(jié)，目的探討湖北釘螺種群內(nèi)的遺傳變異及其程度。方法采用擴(kuò)增片段長度多態(tài)性(AFLP)分子標(biāo)記技術(shù)對9省(云南、四川、廣西、福建、湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江蘇)13個(gè)釘螺種群基因組DNA進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增，分析釘螺種群內(nèi)的遺傳變異。結(jié)果13個(gè)釘螺種群AFLP擴(kuò)增片段數(shù)在403～472之間，江西星子釘螺種群內(nèi)遺傳多樣性較高，多態(tài)位點(diǎn)頻率、Nei's基因多樣性指數(shù)和Shannon's信息指數(shù)分別為93.22％、0.345和0.510，而廣西宜州釘螺種群內(nèi)遺傳多樣性較低，以上3指標(biāo)分別為55.80％、0.191和0.287；廣西宜州釘螺種群內(nèi)的相似性較大，相似系數(shù)(中位數(shù))為0.904，而江蘇丹徒釘螺種群內(nèi)的相似性較低，相似系數(shù)(中位數(shù))為0.748；13個(gè)釘螺種群內(nèi)的遺傳變異差異顯著(P＜0.01)，5個(gè)光殼釘螺種群內(nèi)的相似系數(shù)普遍高于8個(gè)肋殼釘螺種群內(nèi)的相似系數(shù)。結(jié)論我國大陸廣泛分布的釘螺，種群內(nèi)存在一定程度的遺傳變異。不同地區(qū)釘螺種群內(nèi)遺傳變異程度不同，有的相差較大。 第二節(jié)，目的探討湖北釘螺種群內(nèi)的形態(tài)形狀變異及其程度。方法在中國大陸血吸蟲病流行的7個(gè)省中，采集不同環(huán)境類型的21個(gè)釘螺種群，每個(gè)種群各測量60只湖北釘螺的11個(gè)形態(tài)性狀。采用形態(tài)性狀的變異系數(shù)、種群內(nèi)個(gè)體間的歐氏距離與多樣性指數(shù)、及主成分分析3種方法，分析不同湖北釘螺種群內(nèi)形態(tài)性狀的變異程度。結(jié)果在種群內(nèi)個(gè)體間的歐氏距離和形態(tài)性狀多樣性方面，都以江西都昌的變異最大，平均歐氏距離為2.88，方差為2.33，極差為9.05，多樣性指數(shù)為1.56，個(gè)體間平均距離以四川西昌湖北釘螺種群的最小，僅為1.37，而多樣性指數(shù)以四川丹棱湖北釘螺種群的最小，為0.91。在不同光殼釘螺種群中，以云南大理釘螺個(gè)體間的平均距離最大，為1.90，但方差和極差以江蘇宜興的最大，分別為0.55和4.46。結(jié)論不同湖北釘螺種群內(nèi)形態(tài)性狀變異程度存在較大的差異，肋殼釘螺種群內(nèi)的形態(tài)性狀變異程度普遍高于光殼釘螺種群內(nèi)的變異程度。 第四部分 第一節(jié)，目的探討湖北釘螺種群間的遺傳變異及其程度。方法采用AFLP分子標(biāo)記技術(shù)對來自中國大陸10省的25個(gè)種群釘螺基因組DNA樣品池進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增，分析釘螺各種群間的遺傳變異并對釘螺種群進(jìn)行聚類分析。結(jié)果25個(gè)釘螺種群間的相似系數(shù)GS_(DICE)在0.694～0.831之間，Nei無偏遺傳一致性在0.635～0.799之間，遺傳距離D在0.169～0.306之間，Nei無偏遺傳距離在0.225～0.452之間，指名亞種(包括或不包括廣西釘螺)釘螺種群間的遺傳變異程度明顯高于滇川亞種釘螺種群間的遺傳變異程度(P＜0.01)，光殼釘螺種群間的遺傳變異程度明顯高于肋殼釘螺種群間的遺傳變異程度(P＜0.01)。25個(gè)釘螺種群被聚成3類，A類包括來自福建福清和廣西宜州的光殼釘螺種群；B類包括來自四川西昌、普格、丹棱、蒲江、廣漢和云南大理的光殼釘螺種群；C類則由其它來自長江中下游地區(qū)的17個(gè)釘螺種群組成。結(jié)論在我國分布的湖北釘螺已發(fā)生較大的遺傳變異，基因組水平上的釘螺種群聚類結(jié)果和其地理分布基本一致。 第二節(jié)，目的探討湖北釘螺種群間的形態(tài)形狀變異及其程度。方法采用數(shù)量分類法對27個(gè)釘螺種群的11個(gè)螺殼形態(tài)形狀指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了聚類和主成分分析。結(jié)果27個(gè)釘螺種群中，以湖南華容釘螺種群與四川丹棱釘螺種群間的形態(tài)形狀變異最大，其歐氏距離達(dá)10.29，而安徽貴池與樅陽釘螺種群間的形態(tài)形狀變異最小，其歐氏距離僅為0.62。無論指名亞種包括還是不包括廣西釘螺，滇川亞種釘螺種群間歐氏距離均明顯低于指名亞種種群間的(P＜0.05)：11個(gè)光殼釘螺種群間的歐氏距離明顯低于16個(gè)肋殼釘螺種群間的歐氏距離(P＜0.05)。主成分分析將27個(gè)釘螺種群分為三組，第一組包括江陵、貴池、樅陽、丹徒、銅陵1、江寧的釘螺。第二組包括南昌、華容、都昌、漢川、陽新、蔡甸、南縣、星子、君山、江山的釘螺。第三組包括宜興、西昌、廣漢、蒲江、丹棱、大理、福清、石門、銅陵2、宜州、普格的釘螺。結(jié)論指名亞種釘螺種群間的形態(tài)形狀變異大于滇川亞種的，肋殼釘螺種群間的形態(tài)形狀變異大于光殼釘螺的。主成分分析的分類結(jié)果與環(huán)境類型基本一致。 第五部分 第一節(jié)，目的探討湖北釘螺的空間遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。方法分析25個(gè)釘螺種群間的遺傳距離與地理距離的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果25個(gè)釘螺種群間的遺傳距離D和Nei無偏遺傳距離，，都與其地理距離存在明顯的正相關(guān)性(P＜0.001)，相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.5234和0.5622；湖北釘螺指名亞種種群間的遺傳距離與地理距離也存在正相關(guān)(P＜0.001)，遺傳距離D的相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.5276，Nei無偏遺傳距離的為0.5770；無論是肋殼釘螺還是光殼鑰一螺，釘螺種群間的遺傳距離都與地理距離存在正相關(guān)((P＜0.001)，肋殼釘螺種群間的遺傳距離D和Nei無偏遺傳距離與地理距離的相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.3612和0.3916，光殼釘螺的相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.7535和0.7500。結(jié)論在我國大陸廣泛分布的湖北釘螺種群間具有明顯的空間遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。 第二節(jié)目的探討湖北釘螺種群間的形態(tài)形狀變異的空間相關(guān)性。方法分析27個(gè)釘螺種群間形態(tài)形狀變異及其與地理距離的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果27個(gè)釘螺種群間形態(tài)形狀變異與其地理距離存在明顯的正相關(guān)(P＜0.001)，相關(guān)系數(shù)r為0.2791；這種顯著的相關(guān)性在指名亞種和肋殼釘螺種群中仍然存在，但在滇川亞種和光殼釘螺種群中卻未發(fā)現(xiàn)((P＞0.05)，指名亞種包括廣西釘螺種群時(shí)相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.2655(P＜0.01))，不包括時(shí)相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.2567(P＜0.01)，肋殼釘螺種群的相關(guān)系數(shù)r為0.3121(P＜0.001)。結(jié)論在我國大陸分布的肋殼釘螺種群間的表型變異具有明顯的空間結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:Schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonotic disease which seriously endangers human health. It seriously affects the health of residents and the development of local economy in the epidemic area. Oncomelania Snail is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in Hubei. It plays an extremely important role in the epidemic of schistosomiasis. Oncomelania Snail is mainly distributed in the south of the Yangtze River in the mainland of China, 12 The total area of Oncomelania snails in the province, city and autonomous region in 2003 was 3786.8Km~2. in the past countries and abroad on the morphology, geographical distribution, breeding environment, physiological and biochemical characteristics, which showed that Oncomelania hupensis in Hubei is not only widely distributed in China, but also in morphology, genetics and Oncomelania susceptibility to Schistosoma japonicum. There are regional differences in all aspects. In the study of the genetic variation of Oncomelania hupensis, the research of isozymes is more common, the next is the study of mitochondrial DNA and chromosome karyotype, and the study on the genetic variation of Oncomelania snails is rare. The classification of Oncomelania snails in Hubei has been disputed for many years, and it is still undecided. The genetic variation in the snail population also has the opposite conclusion. This study systematically studies the genetic variation of Oncomelania hupensis in Hubei, Hubei, from the shape of Oncomelania snails and the level of genomic DNA.
Part one
The first section, objective to explore the possibility of the application of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers in the study of Oncomelania snails genetic variation, and to optimize the experimental conditions and primer screening. The method was used to randomly select 1 snail negative Oncomelania snails in Dali and Hunan, Yunnan, Hunan and Junshan, and use guanidine thiocyanate and Resin to extract DNA, and then 64 pairs of primers were used for genomic DNA. The amplified products were amplified by 6% denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with 6% AFLP markers per pair of primers and 38.30 (95%CI36.03 to 40.57) markers per pair of Oncomelania Oncomelania in Dali, and 39.14 (95%CI 36.71 to 41.57) markers per pair of primers in Junshan. The polymorphic markers and polymorphic frequencies per pair of primers were 3~37 and 28.6% to 76.2%, respectively, 23.67 (95%CI 22.12 ~ 25.22) and 47.36% (95%CI 45.22% ~ 49.50%), respectively. The AFLP marker technique could be applied to the study of the classification and genetic diversity of Oncomelania hupensis in Hubei.
The second section is to discuss the quantitative data analysis method of AFLP molecular marker electrophoresis map information. Methods 40 Hunan Junshan negative Oncomelania snails were randomly selected for AFLP amplification. The data of the AFLP electrophoresis Atlas of Oncomelania snails were quantified by Glyko BandScan software, and the corresponding data sets were obtained by using different reading band standard reading bands, and then the data were collected. The results of genetic variation obtained by different criteria were different, but as the standard value of the reading band increased, the index of genetic diversity of the Oncomelania Snail population (such as the Shannon 's information index) also increased, and when it increased to a certain level, it began to decline, and the gene flow and gene were consistent. The results of the genetic variation obtained from the standard of different reading bands were all positive in normal distribution (P > 0.05). The average value of the results of the genetic variation was very close. 40 negative Oncomelania snails were selected from the snails collected and divided into two groups, and the average gene consistency was found. It is 0.956 in the total gray scale percentage data and 0.958 in the total gray scale data; the average genetic distance between the two groups is 0.045 in the total gray percentage data. It is more reasonable and accurate to use the 0.043. conclusion to quantify the information of the electrophoretic atlas in the total gray level data and then to deal with and analyze the data by different reading band standards. The method of analysis.
The second part
In the first section, objective to study the rational sample size and number of molecular points of the genetic variation of Oncomelania hupensis in Hubei by AFLP molecular markers. Methods selected Oncomelania snails from Junshan, Hunan as the research materials, amplified the Oncomelania snails genome DNA by AFLP method, and analyzed the relationship between the number of Oncomelania snails and the number of molecular bits and the reliability of genetic variation information. Results there was a significant relationship between the number of Oncomelania snails and the number of molecular sites and the reliability of genetic diversity. When the sample size was less than 7, AFLP, the total number of points, the number of polymorphic sites, the frequency of polymorphic loci, the Nei's gene diversity index and the Shannon's information index changed greatly, and the changes of these index values when the sample size exceeded 30 When the number of AFLP points is less than 128, the frequency of polymorphic loci, the Nei's gene diversity index, the Shannon's information index and the standard deviation of the two indices are very intense. When the number of points is more than 338, the changes tend to be stable. Conclusion the genetic variation of Oncomelania Snail in Hubei is studied by AFLP molecular marker technique. At the same time, the sample size of each snail population should not be less than 30. The number of molecular sites used for research and analysis is best not less than 338.
The second section, objective to investigate the relationship between the reliability of the morphological variation information of Oncomelania snails in Hubei and the relationship between the sample size and the reliability of the snails. Methods 60 adult snails were randomly selected from the two regions of Dali and Junshan in Hunan, Yunnan, and the quantitative traits of the nail shells were measured to calculate the variation coefficients of the quantitative traits, the percentage of variation and diversity among the groups. Results when the sample size is less than 30, the results of the genetic variation are extremely unreliable. The reliability of the genetic variation is also increased with the increase of sample size. The results of the genetic variation tend to be stable when the sample size exceeds 55. Conclusion. In the study of the genetic variation of the shape and shape of Oncomelania snails in Hubei, each snails population is analyzed. No less than 55 Oncomelania Snail specimens are good.
The third part
In the first section, objective to investigate the genetic variation and its degree in the population of Oncomelania hupensis in Hubei. Methods the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular marker technique was used to amplify the gene group DNA of 13 Oncomelania snails population in 9 provinces (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu), and analyzed the genetic variation in the Oncomelania snails population. The results were 13 nails. The number of AFLP amplified fragments in the snail population was 403~472, and the genetic diversity of the Oncomelania snails population in Jiangxi stars was higher, the frequency of polymorphic loci, the Nei's gene diversity index and the Shannon's information index were 93.22%, 0.345 and 0.510 respectively, while the genetic diversity of Oncomelania Snail population in Guangxi Yizhou was lower, and the above 3 indexes were 55.80%, 0.191 and 0.287, respectively. The similarity of Oncomelania hupensis population in West Yizhou was larger, the similarity coefficient (median) was 0.904, but the similarity of Oncomelania Snail population in Jiangsu Dantu was lower and the similarity coefficient (median) was 0.748, and the difference of genetic variation within 13 snails population was significant (P < 0.01). The similarity coefficient of 5 light shell snails was generally higher than that in the 8 ribbed snails population. Similarity coefficient. Conclusion the population of Oncomelania Snail in China is widely distributed in a certain degree of genetic variation. The genetic variation of Oncomelania Snail populations in different regions is different, and some are different.
The second section was to investigate the morphological and shape variation and its degree in the population of Oncomelania hupensis in Hubei. Methods 21 Oncomelania Snail populations of different environmental types were collected in 7 provinces of China's schistosomiasis epidemic. Each population measured 11 morphological characters of Oncomelania hupensis in 60 Hubei, using morphological variation coefficient and Euclidean distance among individuals in the population. 3 methods of diversity index and principal component analysis were used to analyze the variation degree of morphological characters in different Hubei Oncomelania Snail population. The variation of Euclidean distance and morphological traits among individuals in the population was the largest in Jiangxi Duchang, with the average Euclidean distance of 2.88, the variance of 2.33, the range of 9.05, and the diversity index of 1.56, respectively. The average distance between the snail population in Xichang and Hubei, Sichuan, is the smallest, only 1.37, and the diversity index is the smallest of Hubei Oncomelania Snail population in Sichuan. It is 0.91. in the different light shell snails population, the average distance between the Oncomelania snails is the largest and 1.90 in Yunnan Dali, but the variance and maximum difference is the largest of Yixing in Jiangsu, respectively 0.55 and 4.46. knot, respectively. The variation degree of morphological characters in the population of Oncomelania hupensis in different Hubei was different, and the variation degree of morphological characters in the snail population was higher than that of the Oncomelania snails population.
The fourth part
In the first section, objective to explore the genetic variation and its degree among Oncomelania Snail populations in Hubei. Method AFLP molecular marker technique was used to amplify the DNA sample pool of Oncomelania snails from 25 populations of 10 provinces of China. Genetic variation among Oncomelania snails was analyzed and the cluster analysis of Oncomelania snails population was analyzed. The results of the similarity system among 25 Oncomelania snails population The number of GS_ (DICE) was between 0.694 and 0.831, Nei unbiased genetic consistency was between 0.635 and 0.799, genetic distance D was between 0.169 and 0.306, Nei unbiased genetic distance was 0.225 to 0.452. The genetic variation of Oncomelania snails among subspecies (including or excluding Oncomelania Guangxi) was significantly higher than that between Oncomelania Oncomelania populations in Yunnan and Sichuan Degree (P < 0.01), the genetic variation among Oncomelania hupensis populations was significantly higher than that between Oncomelania Snail populations (P < 0.01) and.25 snail populations were grouped into 3 groups. A group included light shell snail populations from Fuqing, Fujian and Yizhou of Guangxi, and B included light shells from Sichuan Xichang, Pug, Dan prism, Pujiang, Guanghan and Yunnan. The population of Oncomelania snails and C are composed of 17 Oncomelania Snail populations from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The conclusion is that the Oncomelania snails in Hubei have been genetically altered, and the cluster results of Oncomelania Snail populations at the genome level are basically the same as their geographical distribution.
In the second section, the morphological and shape variation and the degree of the population of Oncomelania Snail population in Hubei were studied. Methods the quantitative classification method was used to cluster and principal component analysis on the morphological and shape indexes of 11 spiral shells of 27 snail populations. The results showed that among the 27 Oncomelania hupensis population, the shape and shape variation between Oncomelania and Oncomelania snails population in Huarong, Hunan and Sichuan was the most. The Euclidean distance between Anhui Guichi and Zongyang snail population is the smallest, and the Euclidean distance is only 0.62., the Euclidean distance is only 0.62. or not in Guangxi snail. The Euclidean distance between the snail population in the subspecies of Yunnan and Sichuan is significantly lower than that among the subspecies (P < 0.05):11 light shell snail populations. The distance is significantly lower than the Euclidean distance between 16 ribbed snail populations (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis divides 27 Oncomelania Snail populations into three groups. The first group includes Jiangling, Guichi, Zongyang, Dantu, Tongling 1, and Oncomelania Jiangning. The second groups include Nanchang, Huarong, Duchang, Hanchuan, Yangxin, Caidian, Nanxian, stars, stars, and Oncomelania Snail. Xichang, Guanghan, Pujiang, Pujiang, Daneng, Dali, Fuqing, Shimen, Tongling 2, Yizhou and Pug. Conclusion the morphological and shape variation among the snail populations of the subspecies is greater than that of the subspecies in Yunnan and Sichuan, and the morphological and shape variation among the Oncomelania Snail population is larger than that of the light shell snails. The classification results of principal component analysis are basically the same as the environmental types.
The fifth part
The first section was to investigate the spatial genetic structure of Oncomelania hupensis in Hubei. Methods the correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance between 25 Oncomelania Snail populations was analyzed. The results showed that the genetic distance between 25 Oncomelania Snail populations, D and Nei, had significant positive correlation with their geographical distance (P < 0.001), and the correlation coefficients were 0.5234 and 0.5622, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the genetic distance and geographical distance between the subgroups of Oncomelania snails in Hubei (P < 0.001), the correlation coefficient of the genetic distance D was 0.5276, and the Nei unbiased genetic distance was 0.5770. The genetic distance between the Oncomelania Snail and the light shell was positively correlated with the geographical distance (P < 0.001), and the ribbed snails. Genetic distance between populations and the correlation between D and Nei unbiased genetic distance and geographical distance
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號(hào)】：R184

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