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蘇北農(nóng)村地區(qū)高血壓人群腎功能流行病學(xué)研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-06-16 18:06

  本文選題:高血壓 + 慢性腎臟病; 參考:《南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年博士論文


【摘要】:慢性腎臟疾病(chronic kidney disease, CKD)發(fā)病率在全世界范圍內(nèi)呈明顯升高趨勢(shì),已成為21世紀(jì)全人類(lèi)面臨的主要公共健康問(wèn)題之一。CKD進(jìn)展至終末期腎衰(end stage renal disease, ESRD)需依賴(lài)腎臟替代治療而生存,不僅影響患者的生存質(zhì)量,而且給患者及社會(huì)帶來(lái)沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)。如何更好的防治CKD、延緩腎功能衰退已成為目前研究的熱點(diǎn)。 原發(fā)性高血壓是最常見(jiàn)的心血管疾病,也是慢性腎臟病重要的危險(xiǎn)因素之一。我國(guó)人群高血壓患病率高,平均每10個(gè)成人中就有2人患高血壓,估計(jì)目前全國(guó)至少有2億高血壓患者,并且仍呈增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)。因此,在高血壓患者中發(fā)現(xiàn)早期腎功能減退的患者并針對(duì)相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行早期干預(yù)具有十分重要的臨床意義。 心血管疾病(cardiac vascular disease, CVD)是CKD患者最嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥和首要死亡原因。近年來(lái),血漿同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine, Hcy)升高作為動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化新的危險(xiǎn)因素被廣泛關(guān)注。國(guó)內(nèi)外已有大量證據(jù)表明,Hcy與許多疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展有密切聯(lián)系,是CVD的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因子。 此外,Hcy還與腦卒中神經(jīng)變性疾病、神經(jīng)管缺陷以及終末期腎臟病的聯(lián)系密切。目前,CKD和終末期腎臟病患者的高Hcy現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)得到臨床研究者的普遍認(rèn)同,高Hcy被認(rèn)為是CKD患者CVD風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著增高的重要原因之一。 腎功能受損可以引起血漿Hcy水平升高,而在非CKD的一般人群中,血漿Hcy水平也與腎功能呈負(fù)相關(guān)。雖然高同型半胱氨酸血癥在人類(lèi)腎功能不全的發(fā)病中是否起作用尚不清楚,但在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中高同型半胱氨酸血癥可能誘導(dǎo)腎損傷。 亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, MTHFR)是催化5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸轉(zhuǎn)化為5-甲基四氫葉酸的關(guān)鍵酶,而5-甲基四氫葉酸是Hcy再甲基化為蛋氨酸反應(yīng)過(guò)程中的甲基供體,MTHFR基因677位點(diǎn)CT的遺傳變異是導(dǎo)致血漿Hcy水平的升高重要的原因之一。然而,很少有研究關(guān)注MTHFR C677T基因多態(tài)性和腎功能之間的關(guān)系。 我們從2008年底開(kāi)始在江蘇省連云港市贛榆縣和東?h部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)開(kāi)展一項(xiàng)“原發(fā)性高血壓人群腦卒中一級(jí)預(yù)防的隨機(jī)臨床試驗(yàn)”,對(duì)贛榆、東海兩縣部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)居民進(jìn)行了腎功能、血漿Hcy水平和MTHFR C677T基因多態(tài)性的檢測(cè),通過(guò)橫斷面分析了解在蘇北農(nóng)村地區(qū)大樣本高血壓人群中腎功能的分布情況,研究影響腎功能分布的因素,重點(diǎn)關(guān)注Hcy、MTHFR C677T基因多態(tài)性和高血壓患者腎功能的關(guān)系,為上述問(wèn)題提供我國(guó)大規(guī)模人群的數(shù)據(jù),以期在高血壓人群中發(fā)現(xiàn)影響腎功能的相關(guān)危險(xiǎn)因素,為CKD患者的臨床早期干預(yù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 第一部分蘇北農(nóng)村地區(qū)高血壓人群腎功能分布及其影響因素研究 背景:慢性腎臟病(chronic kidney disease, CKD)在全世界范圍內(nèi)的發(fā)病率明顯升高,而高血壓是慢性腎臟病非常重要的危險(xiǎn)因素,因此,發(fā)現(xiàn)高血壓人群中早期腎功能減退的危險(xiǎn)因素并予以干預(yù)具有十分重要的臨床意義。目的:通過(guò)橫斷面分析,了解在蘇北農(nóng)村地區(qū)大樣本高血壓人群中腎功能的分布情況,并研究影響腎功能分布的因素。 方法:本研究人群來(lái)自國(guó)家Ⅰ類(lèi)新藥馬來(lái)酸依那普利葉酸片多中心隨機(jī)對(duì)照Ⅳ期臨床試驗(yàn)中國(guó)腦卒中一級(jí)預(yù)防研究中江蘇省連云港農(nóng)村社區(qū)原發(fā)性高血壓患者的基線(xiàn)資料,其中共納入18814例45~75歲篩選期的原發(fā)性高血壓患者,進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、人體測(cè)量和血樣采集,測(cè)定腎功能、血糖、血脂和同型半胱氨酸等相關(guān)指標(biāo)。 結(jié)果:本研究人群共計(jì)18814例原發(fā)性高血壓患者,以腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率(estimatedglomerular filtration rate,eGFR)60ml/min/1.73m2作為劃分CKD的界值,CKD的患病率是3.3%,其中,男性和女性的患病率分別是3.1%和3.4%。男性和女性患者eGFR水平均隨著年齡增加而減低。隨著Hcy水平的增加,男性和女性患者eGFR水平均降低。多元線(xiàn)性回歸分析顯示,在男性和女性患者中,年齡、體質(zhì)指數(shù)(BMI)、Hcy、舒張壓(DBP)、血糖和血脂與eGFR呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),,收縮壓(SBP)與eGFR水平呈顯著正相關(guān)。多元Logistic回歸分析顯示,在男性患者中,年齡和Hcy水平每增加1個(gè)單位,CKD的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分別增加10%(OR:1.10,95%CI:1.07-1.13,P0.001)和2%(OR:1.02,95%CI:1.01-1.03,P0.001);在女性患者中,年齡和Hcy水平每增加1個(gè)單位,CKD的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分別增加7%(OR:1.07,95%CI:1.05-1.09,P0.001)和6%(OR:1.06,95%CI:1.04-1.08,P0.001)。 結(jié)論:本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),我國(guó)連云港農(nóng)村社區(qū)的原發(fā)性高血壓人群中CKD的患病率為3.3%,年齡和Hcy水平是影響高血壓患者腎功能的重要因素。 第二部分蘇北農(nóng)村地區(qū)高血壓人群MTHFR C677T基因多態(tài)性與腎功能的分子流行病學(xué)研究 背景:血漿同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine, Hcy)水平和腎功能呈負(fù)相關(guān)。在終末期腎病中,嚴(yán)重腎功能損害將不可避免地導(dǎo)致高同型半胱氨酸血癥。但是,高同型半胱氨酸血癥在人類(lèi)腎功能不全的發(fā)病中是否起作用尚不清楚,近期有研究提示,Hcy是CKD的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因素。 目的:通過(guò)橫斷面分析,研究蘇北農(nóng)村地區(qū)原發(fā)性高血壓人群中Hcy和Hcy代謝關(guān)鍵酶亞甲基四氫葉酸還原酶(methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, MTHFR)C677T基因多態(tài)性與腎功能的關(guān)聯(lián)性。 方法:本研究人群來(lái)自國(guó)家Ⅰ類(lèi)新藥馬來(lái)酸依那普利葉酸片多中心隨機(jī)對(duì)照Ⅳ期臨床試驗(yàn)中國(guó)腦卒中一級(jí)預(yù)防研究中江蘇省連云港農(nóng)村社區(qū)原發(fā)性高血壓患者的基線(xiàn)資料,其中共納入18814例45~75歲篩選期的原發(fā)性高血壓患者,進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、人體測(cè)量和血樣采集,測(cè)定腎功能、血糖、血脂、同型半胱氨酸水平和MTHFR C677T基因多態(tài)性等相關(guān)指標(biāo)。 結(jié)果:本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)研究人群MTHFR C677T基因型和eGFR水平之間的關(guān)系具有性別差異,在男性患者中,TT基因型的患者較CC基因型的患者eGFR水平顯著下降1.37ml/min/1.73m(2P=0.004)。將eGFR進(jìn)行五等分和二等分后,Logistic回歸分析顯示,校正年齡、BMI、收縮壓和舒張壓之后,TT基因型的男性患者處于低水平eGFR的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高,其OR值分別為1.32(95%CI:1.08-10.62,P=0.007)和1.25(95%CI:1.11-1.41, P=0.0003)。以eGFR60ml/min/1.73m2作為劃分CKD的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在男性和女性患者中,均未發(fā)現(xiàn)MTHFR C677T基因型與CKD發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有顯著性關(guān)聯(lián)(P0.05)。 結(jié)論:本研究結(jié)果表明,在蘇北農(nóng)村地區(qū)男性高血壓患者中,MTHFR C677T基因多態(tài)性和腎功能之間存在相關(guān)性,TT基因型eGFR水平顯著下降,提示MTHFRC677T遺傳變異有可能參與了CKD的病理過(guò)程,可能是CKD的易感位點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is a major public health problem worldwide . CKD progression to end stage renal disease is one of the major public health problems faced by all mankind in the 21st century . The progression of CKD to end stage renal disease is dependent on renal replacement therapy , which affects not only the quality of life of the patient but also the burden on the patient and society . How to better control CKD and delay the decline of renal function has become a hot spot in the present study .

Essential hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and is one of the most important risk factors for chronic kidney disease . The prevalence of hypertension in our population is high . There are 2 people with hypertension in every 10 adults . It is estimated that there are at least 200 million hypertensive patients in the country .

Cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) is the most serious complication and leading cause of death in CKD patients . In recent years , elevated plasma homocysteine ( HCY ) has been widely concerned as a new risk factor for atherosclerosis . There has been plenty of evidence at home and abroad that HCY is closely related to the development of many diseases , which is an independent risk factor for CVD .

In addition , HCY is closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases , neural tube defects and end - stage renal disease . At present , high homocysteine levels in patients with CKD and end - stage renal disease have been widely recognized by clinical investigators , which is considered to be one of the important reasons for the significant increase of CVD risk in patients with CKD .

Hyperhomocysteinemia may induce renal injury in animal experiments , although hyperhomocysteinemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of human renal insufficiency , although hyperhomocysteinemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of human renal insufficiency .

methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is a key enzyme for the conversion of 5 , 10 - methylene tetrahydrofolate to 5 - methyltetrahydrofolate , while 5 - methyltetrahydrofolate is one of the important reasons for the increase in plasma homocysteine levels .

In this paper , we started a randomized clinical trial for the prevention of stroke of primary hypertension in some towns and towns in Jiangxi Province , Jiangsu Province from the end of 2008 . In this paper , we studied the function of renal function , the plasma homocysteine level and the polymorphism of the C677T gene in some towns and towns in the two counties of Jiangxi Province . Through cross - section analysis , the factors affecting the renal function were studied . The data of the large - scale population in our country were studied by cross - section analysis , with a view to finding the relevant risk factors affecting the renal function in the hypertension population and providing scientific basis for the early intervention of CKD patients .

Study on the Renal Function Distribution and Its Influential Factors of Hypertension in the Rural Area of the First Part of Jiangsu Province

BACKGROUND : Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease , and hypertension is a very important risk factor for chronic kidney disease .

Methods : The baseline data of patients with essential hypertension in rural communities of LianYungang , Jiangsu Province , were enrolled in the study of the multi - center randomized controlled phase IV clinical trial of Chinese drug maleate tablets of type 鈪

本文編號(hào):2027634

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