本文選題：湘江長沙段 + 洲灘　； 參考：《湖南師范大學》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 日本血吸蟲病曾廣泛流行于我國長江流域及其以南的12個省、市、自治區(qū),危害人畜甚為嚴重。釘螺是日本血吸蟲的唯一中間宿主,對日本血吸蟲病的傳播和流行起著關(guān)鍵作用。湘江長沙段包括城區(qū)段和望城縣段,城區(qū)段歷來被認為是無釘螺區(qū),只有望城縣段的甑皮洲有釘螺分布,1992年望城縣達到了血吸蟲病傳播阻斷標準。由于各種因素的影響,自1997年在城區(qū)段傅家洲發(fā)現(xiàn)釘螺分布以來,相繼在湘江長沙段的許多洲灘發(fā)現(xiàn)了釘螺分布。為全面了解湘江長沙段各洲灘釘螺的種群動態(tài),考核近幾年來采取的滅螺措施的有效性,2003—2008年我們采用《血吸蟲病防治手冊》中的調(diào)查方法,對湘江長沙段各洲灘的釘螺進行了連續(xù)6年的調(diào)查,獲得了如下主要結(jié)果。 2003～2008年跟蹤調(diào)查了湘江長沙段24個洲灘,其中20個洲灘有釘螺分布,占洲灘總數(shù)的83.3%,4個洲灘從未查見釘螺。有螺洲灘數(shù)分別為當年調(diào)查洲灘的66.67%、66.67%、70.80%、75.00%、62.50%、62.50%;2008年與2003年相比,活螺洲灘數(shù)下降了40.00%,有螺框出現(xiàn)率下降了99.10%,釘螺平均密度下降了99.74%,活螺率下降了51.09%。經(jīng)統(tǒng)計學處理,各洲灘有螺框出現(xiàn)率(Z=91.5602,P＜0.01)、活螺率(Z=65.1332,P＜0.01)不相同,但年度下降趨勢明顯。 20個有螺洲灘中,有感染性釘螺分布的洲灘5個(均在望城段,城區(qū)段未發(fā)現(xiàn)),占有螺洲灘總數(shù)的25.00%。感染性釘螺發(fā)展總的趨勢是:有感染性釘螺分布的洲灘逐年減少,平均密度和感染率逐年降低,2007—2008年整個長沙段未查到感染性釘螺分布的洲灘。 調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,湘江長沙段有螺洲灘采取的各種防治措施中,藥物與環(huán)改滅螺相結(jié)合的效果遠好于單純的藥物滅螺。各種環(huán)改滅螺措施,又以抬洲降灘、翻耕墾種的滅螺效果更持久,更徹底。2007、2008年有螺洲灘數(shù)、釘螺總數(shù)急劇減少,有螺框出現(xiàn)率、活螺率大幅度下降還與水位和氣候有關(guān)。 湘江長沙段洲灘的螺情得到了較好的控制。
[Abstract]:Schistosomiasis japonicum has been widely prevalent in 12 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in the Yangtze River valley and south of China. Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum and plays a key role in the transmission and prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica. The Changsha section of the Xiangjiang River includes the urban section and the Wangcheng county section. The urban section has always been considered as a snail free area, and only Wangcheng County has a snail distribution on the Teng Pizhou. In 1992, Wangcheng County reached the standard of blocking the transmission of schistosomiasis. Since the snail distribution was discovered in Fujiazhou in 1997, the snail distribution has been found in many beaches in Changsha section of Xiangjiang River since 1997 due to the influence of various factors. In order to understand the population dynamics of Oncomelania hupensis in Changsha section of Xiangjiang River, and to evaluate the effectiveness of snail control measures taken in recent years, we adopted the survey method in the Manual for the Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis from 2003 to 2008. The snails in every beach of Changsha reach of Xiangjiang River were investigated for 6 consecutive years, and the main results were obtained as follows. From 2003 to 2008, 24 beaches in Changsha section of Xiangjiang River were investigated, 20 of which were snail distribution, accounting for 83.3% of the total number of beaches, and no snails were found in 4 beaches. The number of luozhou beaches is 66.670.80 that investigated in that year, and 62.50 is 62.50.Compared with 2003, the number of live snails decreased by 40.00,99.10, the average density of snails by 99.744.The snail survival rate decreased by 51.09. According to statistical analysis, the occurrence rate of snail frame was different (P < 0.01), but the annual decreasing trend was obvious, but the rate of living snail was 65.1332% (P < 0.01), but the incidence of snail frame was 91.5602 (P < 0.01) and the rate of living snail was 65.1332 (P < 0.01). Five of the 20 beaches with infected snails were found in Wangcheng section, which accounted for 25.00% of the total number of Luozhou beaches. The general development trend of infected snails was that the distribution of infected snails in the beaches decreased year by year, the average density and infection rate decreased year by year, and no infected snails were found in the whole Changsha section from 2007 to 2008. The results showed that the combination of drugs and anti-snails was much better than that of simple drugs in the prevention and control measures taken by Luozhou Beach in Changsha section of Xiangjiang River. All kinds of measures to control snails were carried out in order to lift the land, the effect of snail control was more lasting, more thorough. 2007, in 2008, the total number of snails decreased sharply, the snail frame appeared rate, and the living snail rate decreased significantly also related to the water level and the climate. The snail condition of the beach in Changsha section of Xiangjiang River has been well controlled.
【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：R184

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 馮延壽，余焱生，張家來;江灘“興林滅螺”營林技術(shù)措施的研究[J];湖北林業(yè)科技;1994年04期

2 林金祥,李莉莎;血吸蟲病防治的回顧與現(xiàn)狀[J];海峽預(yù)防醫(yī)學雜志;2005年01期

3 李景保,吳桂生,劉曉清;近數(shù)十年湘江流域河流水文變化規(guī)律[J];熱帶地理;1997年03期

4 鄭江,辜學廣,徐永隆,葛繼華,楊先祥,何昌浩,唐超,凱平,姜慶五,梁幼生,汪天平,徐興建,鐘久河,鄭慶斯,袁鴻昌;三峽建壩生態(tài)環(huán)境改變與血吸蟲病傳播關(guān)系研究[J];熱帶醫(yī)學雜志;2001年02期

5 張功華,汪天平,張世清,吳維鐸,汪奇志;三峽建壩影響長江中下游江灘地區(qū)血吸蟲病流行因素的類比分析[J];實用寄生蟲病雜志;1998年01期

6 蔡凱平,左家錚,賀宏斌,卓尚炯,胡鋼;三峽建壩后洞庭湖區(qū)泥沙淤積變化對血吸蟲病流行因素的影響[J];實用預(yù)防醫(yī)學;2000年01期

7 唐超,毛翔云,何昌浩,朱紅剛;三峽建壩后湖北監(jiān)利縣長江干流河道變化與釘螺動態(tài)的預(yù)測研究[J];同濟醫(yī)科大學學報;2000年06期

8 賀建林，陶建軍;三峽工程對洞庭湖環(huán)境影響的幾個主要方面的探討[J];湘潭師范學院學報;1996年03期

9 宋鴻燾,李龍根,滿賀臣,張家楷,陸崇章;洪水導致江灘釘螺擴散的調(diào)查[J];中國血吸蟲病防治雜志;1992年03期

10 張孝仁,姚孝明,黃臘光;對造紙廠購進蘆葦夾帶釘螺的調(diào)查[J];中國血吸蟲病防治雜志;1995年02期

，

本文編號：1986341