本文選題：無癥狀反應高度低氣壓環(huán)境 + 熱舒適��； 參考：《西安建筑科技大學》2008年博士論文

【摘要】： 舒適健康的室內(nèi)環(huán)境對人們的工作、生活及工藝過程有著積極的意義。目前國內(nèi)外的研究大都是基于常壓環(huán)境展開的,PMV-PPD指標是基于穩(wěn)態(tài)環(huán)境中人體本身接近于舒適狀態(tài)下、以歐美國家的受試者為研究對象得出的。在歷年的設(shè)計與應用中表明,氣候條件、地理位置、生活習慣、建筑形式、采暖空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的形式乃至經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平等均會對人體的熱舒適有重要影響。 氣候條件包括空氣溫度、相對濕度、空氣流速、空氣壓力等因素,特別是空氣壓力,在諸如低壓低氧的高原環(huán)境中,人體的生理反應以及與周圍環(huán)境之間的熱交換都會發(fā)生變化,PMV指標在不同大氣壓力條件下的適用程度有待于進一步探討。 本文在國家自然科學基金委(項目編號50778091)的支持下,對低氣壓環(huán)境中人體熱舒適進行了研究。本文重點研究海拔3000m以下的無癥狀高原反應范圍內(nèi)的人體熱舒適相關(guān)問題,在此范圍內(nèi),低壓低氧會引起人體生理機能的一些適應性變化,但不致發(fā)生病理上的改變(海拔3000m以上的區(qū)域首先應解決的是高原反應及高原病的防治問題,這往往需要通過生理學或醫(yī)學的手段實現(xiàn))。 本文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下: (1)低氣壓環(huán)境下人體與周圍環(huán)境熱平衡的理論研究 人體熱平衡與環(huán)境因素有關(guān),低氣壓對人體熱平衡的影響,主要表現(xiàn)在:在低氣壓環(huán)境中因空氣密度的改變,人體與周圍環(huán)境的對流換熱系數(shù)和傳質(zhì)系數(shù)發(fā)生變化,導致人體的散熱特性改變;根據(jù)人體生理學研究成果,低氣壓可使空氣中氧分壓力降低,引起呼吸功能的改變,從而導致呼吸散熱量發(fā)生變化;低氣壓下人體的能量代謝發(fā)生適應性改變,使人體的自身產(chǎn)熱量發(fā)生變化。 本文研究了低氣壓環(huán)境下人體對流換熱量的變化,在低氣壓條件下對流換熱減弱,而蒸發(fā)換熱加強�；趧⒁了龟P(guān)系式進行熱質(zhì)比擬,給出了低氣壓環(huán)境中蒸發(fā)散熱的新的表達式。 作者同時研究了與人體生理有關(guān)的呼吸散熱和新陳代謝率的變化,在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,重點探討了低氣壓環(huán)境對人體呼吸和新陳代謝率的影響。給出了低氣壓環(huán)境中人體的熱平衡方程式,并進一步分析了低氣壓環(huán)境中影響PMV的各影響因素。 (2)無癥狀反應高度內(nèi)低氣壓環(huán)境下人體熱舒適的實驗研究 基于正交試驗分析,重點研究了在代表性服裝熱阻和活動水平條件下,溫度、壓力、風速等因素對人體平均熱感覺MTS的影響程度,獲得了熱舒適與各個參數(shù)的關(guān)系。對熱舒適的影響從大到小的排列順序為:溫度＞壓力＞風速,即在低氣壓環(huán)境中,大氣壓力對人體熱舒適有直接而重要的影響。 作者采用了平均熱感覺和熱中性溫度來考察不同壓力下人體熱感覺的變化。實驗表明,在低氣壓環(huán)境下,人體的熱中性溫度是降低的,并進行了人體與周圍環(huán)境條件下的換熱分析。 為進一步分析各個因素之間的關(guān)系,作者進行了平行實驗分析,對比分析了相關(guān)因素對人體熱感覺的影響�？諝鉁囟群推骄椛錅囟壬邥r,MTS均會增加;在低壓環(huán)境中著厚重衣服、當人體處于接近舒適狀態(tài)時,室內(nèi)微風速(＜0.3m/s)對人體的熱感覺影響很小;而在接近舒適的環(huán)境中,相對濕度對MTS的影響較小。 本文還對比了不同壓力工況下PMV與受試者平均熱感覺投票值MTS,結(jié)果表明,在低氣壓環(huán)境中PMV的預測值及隨大氣壓力的變化趨勢與人體的實際熱感覺存在著偏差。 此外,對人體的生理指標進行了測試,采用t—檢驗:雙樣本等方差假設(shè)及兩個正態(tài)總體均值的假設(shè)檢驗方法對測得的人體各生理指標數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,得出了壓力因素影響人體各生理指標的顯著程度及影響趨勢。 (3)無癥狀反應高度內(nèi)低氣壓環(huán)境中人體熱感覺預測模型的建立 在常壓環(huán)境中廣泛采用的PMV指標計算極其復雜,必須在計算機上迭代求解,這對工程應用極為不利。更為重要的是,PMV指標預測低氣壓環(huán)境中的人體熱感覺時,與人體的實際熱感覺存在偏差。本文采用量綱分析法,將低氣壓環(huán)境中影響熱舒適的主要因素無因次化,并結(jié)合本文的實驗數(shù)據(jù),建立了無癥狀反應高度內(nèi)低氣壓環(huán)境中人體熱感覺預測模型。
[Abstract]:The comfortable and healthy indoor environment has a positive significance to people's work, life and process. At present, most of the research at home and abroad is based on the ambient pressure environment. The PMV-PPD index is based on the human body itself near the comfort state in the steady state and the subjects of the European and American countries as the research object. The application shows that climate conditions, geographical location, living habits, architectural forms, heating and air conditioning system and even the level of economic development will all have an important impact on the thermal comfort of the human body.
Climate conditions include air temperature, relative humidity, air flow velocity, air pressure and other factors, especially air pressure. In the plateau environment such as low pressure hypoxia, the physiological response and heat exchange between the human body and the surrounding environment will change. The application of the PMV index under different pressure conditions needs to be further discussed.
Under the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 50778091), this paper studies the thermal comfort of human body in low pressure environment. This paper focuses on the related problems of human thermal comfort within the range of asymptomatic plateau response below 3000m altitude. In this range, low pressure and hypoxia will cause some adaptive changes in human physiological function. There are no pathological changes (above 3000m above sea level), which should be solved first in the plateau response and the prevention of high altitude diseases, which often need to be realized by physiological or medical means.
The main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1) theoretical study on thermal balance between human body and surrounding environment under low pressure environment
The heat balance of human body is related to the environmental factors. The effect of low pressure on human heat balance is mainly manifested in the change of the heat transfer coefficient and mass transfer coefficient of the body and the surrounding environment in the low pressure environment, which leads to the change of the heat transfer characteristic of the human body; according to the research results of human physiology, the low pressure can make the air in the air. The decrease of oxygen pressure causes the change of respiratory function, which leads to the change of respiratory heat dissipation, and the energy metabolism of human body is changed under low pressure, which makes the body's own heat production change.
In this paper, the changes of convective heat transfer in human body under low pressure are studied. The convection heat transfer is weakened under low pressure and the heat transfer is strengthened. A new expression of evaporation and heat dissipation in low pressure environment is given based on the Liu Yi equation.
The authors also studied the changes in respiratory heat dissipation and metabolic rate related to human physiology. On the basis of previous studies, the author focused on the effects of low pressure environment on human respiration and metabolic rate. The heat balance equation of human body in low pressure environment was given, and the effects of PMV in low pressure environment were analyzed. Sound factors.
(2) experimental study of human thermal comfort under low pressure environment with asymptomatic response height
Based on the orthogonal test analysis, the influence of the temperature, pressure, wind speed and other factors on the average thermal sensation MTS of the human body is studied under the conditions of the thermal resistance and the activity level of the representative clothing, and the relationship between the thermal comfort and the parameters is obtained. The sequence of thermal comfort from large to small is temperature > pressure > wind speed, that is, the low gas pressure ring. Atmospheric pressure plays a direct and important role in human thermal comfort.
The authors used the average thermal sensation and the thermal neutral temperature to examine the changes in the thermal sensation of the human body under different pressures. The experiment showed that the heat neutral temperature of the human body was reduced in the low pressure environment and the heat transfer analysis under the environment of the human body and the surrounding environment was carried out.
In order to further analyze the relationship between the various factors, the author carried out a parallel experiment and analyzed the influence of the related factors on the human body's thermal sensation. When the air temperature and the average radiation temperature rise, the MTS will increase; in the low pressure environment, the heavy clothes, when the human body is near the comfortable condition, the indoor breeze speed (< 0.3m/s) is to the person. The thermal sensation of the body is very small, while in a comfortable environment, relative humidity has little effect on MTS.
The average thermal sensation voting value of PMV and the subjects MTS under different pressure conditions is also compared. The results show that there is a deviation between the predicted value of PMV and the change trend with the atmospheric pressure in the low pressure environment with the actual thermal sensation of the human body.
In addition, the physiological indexes of the human body were tested. The t test, double sample variance hypothesis and the hypothesis testing method of two normal population mean values were used to analyze the physiological index data of the human body, and the significant degree and influence trend of the pressure factors affecting the physiological indexes of the human body were obtained.
(3) prediction model of human thermal sensation in low pressure environment with asymptomatic response height
The PMV index, which is widely used in atmospheric environment, is extremely complex and must be solved iteratively on the computer. It is extremely unfavorable for engineering applications. More importantly, the PMV index predicts the thermal sensation of human body in low pressure environment, and there is a deviation from the actual thermal sensation of the human body. This paper uses the dimensional analysis method to influence the heat in low pressure environment. The main factors of comfort are dimensionless. Combined with the experimental data in this paper, a predictive model of human thermal sensation in low pressure environment with asymptomatic response height is established.
【學位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：R188

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 胡松濤;劉國丹;范瓊文;王帥彬;;低氣壓環(huán)境下人體吹風感的實驗研究[J];建筑科學;2010年10期

2 王剛;劉榮向;劉國丹;王海英;張彬彬;;空氣壓力對人體皮膚溫度及熱感覺影響的實驗研究[J];暖通空調(diào);2010年11期

3 陳寧;廖勝明;饒政華;;高原低氣壓增氧旅客列車車廂溫度場及熱舒適的CFD評價[J];中國鐵道科學;2012年04期

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 胡松濤;劉國丹;范瓊文;王帥彬;;低氣壓環(huán)境下人體吹風感的實驗研究[A];全國暖通空調(diào)制冷2010年學術(shù)年會學術(shù)文集[C];2010年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前4條

1 王永根;直升機搜救飛行信息管理技術(shù)研究與系統(tǒng)開發(fā)[D];電子科技大學;2011年

2 劉榮向;基于新陳代謝率及皮膚溫度的人體熱舒適實驗研究[D];青島理工大學;2010年

3 廖嘉文;廣州市城中村民居室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境研究[D];廣東工業(yè)大學;2012年

4 羅一豪;西藏高寒地區(qū)建筑室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境改善技術(shù)措施研究[D];西南交通大學;2012年

，

本文編號：1985474