本文選題：地理因素 + 參考值��； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 目的：肺功能指標(biāo)是臨床診斷和預(yù)防疾病的重要參考依據(jù),只有擁有一套準(zhǔn)確的統(tǒng)一參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn),才能更好地進(jìn)行診斷和治療,因此制定肺功能各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的參考值就顯得尤為重要。補(bǔ)呼氣量和深吸氣量在肺功能臨床應(yīng)用上具有很重要的意義,若補(bǔ)呼氣量與深吸氣量明顯減小,則說明存在嚴(yán)重阻塞性通氣疾病,有可能存在胸廓擴(kuò)張受限的疾病,肺組織受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害等。殘氣量增加,則表現(xiàn)為小氣道過早閉合等肺氣腫、肺心病。最大呼氣流速的測定不僅可以鑒別治療是否有效,監(jiān)測慢性哮喘、無癥狀哮喘、運(yùn)動性哮喘和是否為肺源性或心源性的肺部疾病,還可以用來進(jìn)行病情惡化的早期診斷與治療。定量的測定研究這些肺功能指標(biāo),是臨床診斷和預(yù)防疾病的重要依據(jù),不僅可以為臨床檢驗(yàn)提供科學(xué)的參考依據(jù),為職業(yè)病患者的肺功能損害評級提供依據(jù),還可以指導(dǎo)相關(guān)醫(yī)學(xué)的研究進(jìn)行方法論研究。方法：本論文的創(chuàng)新之處是能定量的從地理環(huán)境因素著手,運(yùn)用線性和非線性的方法對比研究不同年齡不同性別中國人補(bǔ)呼氣量、深吸氣量、殘氣量及最大呼氣流速與地理環(huán)境因素的關(guān)系；運(yùn)用克里格(Kringing)方法,借助ArcGIS軟件中的ArcMap模塊內(nèi)插出中國各個地區(qū)不同年齡段的男女性健康人肺功能四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)參考值。不少文獻(xiàn)也報道過拉薩、西寧、江蘇及海南等地的老年人、成年人及少年兒童肺功能的正常參考值,但都只是定性地描述某個地區(qū)對應(yīng)的參考值與海拔或者氣候有一定的關(guān)系,或者個別研究人員有限地測定了當(dāng)?shù)亟】等说姆喂δ苷Ｖ�；還有學(xué)者運(yùn)用線性的方法,研究了單一因素對肺功能指標(biāo)的影響,像本論文這樣對肺功能四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)正常參考值與地理因素進(jìn)行專題系統(tǒng)的以中國整個地域環(huán)境為背景研究他們之間關(guān)系的還未見報道。結(jié)果：(1)通過向相關(guān)單位購買或者手工及網(wǎng)絡(luò)檢索大量的文獻(xiàn)資料,收集了全國各地區(qū)的肺功能正常值,分別為：青春期男性補(bǔ)呼氣量2729例、青春期女性補(bǔ)呼氣量2711例、青年女性補(bǔ)呼氣量8220例、青年男性殘氣量3744例、青年男性深吸氣量6100例、中老年男性最大呼氣峰值流速4091例和青年男性最大呼氣峰值流速9661例。(2)根據(jù)國家測繪中心提供的共享資料、相關(guān)地理典著和文獻(xiàn),收集了全國4383個市縣地區(qū)的七項(xiàng)地理指標(biāo)：海拔高度(X1,m)、年日照時數(shù)(X2,h)、年平均氣溫(X3,℃)、年平均相對濕度(X4,%)、年降水量(X5,mm)、氣溫年較差(X6,℃)、年平均風(fēng)速(X7,m／s)。(3)對肺功能四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與七項(xiàng)地理因素進(jìn)行線性和非線性的分析研究,建立它們之間的多元線性回歸模型,曲線估計模型和主成分分析模型。通過各個模型的對比研究,尋找出各個指標(biāo)的最優(yōu)預(yù)測模型,分別為： ①青春期男性補(bǔ)呼氣量參考值的主成分分析模型：Y ERV=1.658+0.00000692x1+0.0000828x2-0.00563x3-0.00409x4-0.000109x5+0.00452x6-0.0677x7 ②青春期女性補(bǔ)呼氣量參考值與地理因素的曲線估計模型：Y ERV=1.662×0.964X3 ③青年女性補(bǔ)呼氣量參考值與地理因素的多元線性回歸模型：Y ERV=-1.930+0.00013x1+0.00043x2-0.0253x3+0.0375x4-0.075x7 ④青年男性殘氣量參考值與地理因素的多元線性回歸模型：Y RV=3226.156-0.094x1-14.064x4-242.442x7 ⑤青年男性深吸氣量參考值與地理因素的多元線性回歸模型：Y IC=1.294-0.051X3+0.019X4+0.023X6 ⑥中老年男性最大呼氣峰值流速參考值與地理因素的主成分分析模型：Y PEF=7.845-0.000355x1-0.000120x2+0.00154x3+0.00108x4-0.000130x5+0.0120x6-0.408x7 ⑦青年男性最大呼氣峰值流速參考值與地理因素的主成分分析模型：Y PEF=7.839+0.000266x1+0.000485x2-0.0135x3-0.0193x4-0.000146x5-0.00951x6-0.119x7 (4)運(yùn)用預(yù)測模型和地統(tǒng)計分析方法,借助ArcGIS軟件中的ArcMap模塊,在已經(jīng)矢量化好的地圖上加載中國4383個地區(qū)的肺功能參考值和對應(yīng)的地理屬性值,通過克里格(Kringing)法插值出肺功能四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的參考值的空間趨勢分布圖。 結(jié)論：通過以上的模型可以估算出整個中國各個地區(qū)不同年齡男女性的肺功能參考值,給臨床檢驗(yàn)醫(yī)學(xué)和社會心理醫(yī)學(xué)帶來科學(xué)便捷的參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并可以在分布圖上清楚地看出肺功能四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)分布趨勢走向及分布規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:Objective: the pulmonary function index is an important reference for the diagnosis and prevention of the disease. Only with a set of accurate unified reference standard can the diagnosis and treatment be better. Therefore, it is very important to make the reference value of all the indexes of lung function. The amount of supplemental breath and deep suction is very important in the clinical application of lung function. Significance, if the amount of expiration and deep breathing decreased obviously, it shows that there is a severe obstructive ventilation disease, there may be a disease with limited thoracic dilatation, serious damage to the lung tissue, and so on. The increase of residual gas is the result of premature closure of the airway and other emphysema and pulmonary heart disease. Monitoring chronic asthma, asymptomatic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, and whether it is a pulmonary or cardiogenic lung disease, can also be used for early diagnosis and treatment of disease deterioration. Quantitative determination of these pulmonary function indicators is an important basis for clinical diagnosis and prevention of disease. It can not only provide scientific reference for clinical examination. The basis of this paper is to provide a basis for the assessment of the pulmonary function damage of the patients with occupational disease and to guide the research of the related medicine. The relationship between the residual gas volume and the maximum expiratory flow rate and the geographical and environmental factors; using the Craig (Kringing) method and the ArcMap module in the ArcGIS software to insert the reference value of four indexes of the lung function of male and female healthy people of different ages in different regions of China. Many literature also reported the elderly in Lhasa, Xining, Jiangsu and Hainan, The normal reference value of lung function in adults and children is only a qualitative description of the corresponding reference values in a certain area with a certain relationship with altitude or climate, or a few researchers have limited the normal value of the lung function of the local healthy people; and some scholars have used a linear method to study the single factor on the lung function. The influence of the index, like this paper, the relationship between the normal reference value of the four indexes of lung function and the geographical factors to study the relationship between them in the context of China's whole region has not yet been reported. Results: (1) collecting the whole country through the purchase of the related units or the retrieval of a large number of documents by hand and the network. The normal value of lung function in the area was: 2729 cases of puberty male supplementation, 2711 cases of puberty female, 8220 young women, 3744 young men, 6100 young men, 4091 cases of maximum peak expiratory flow in middle-aged and old men and 9661 cases of maximum peak expiratory flow rate in young men. (2) root. According to the shared data provided by the national surveying and Mapping Center, seven geographical indexes in 4383 cities and counties of the country were collected, including X1 (m), annual sunshine hours (X2, H), annual mean temperature (X3, c), annual mean relative humidity (X4,%), annual precipitation (mm), temperature annual range (X6, c), average annual wind speed (X7, M / s). (3) (3) The four indexes of lung function and seven geographical factors are analyzed and studied linearly and nonlinear. The multiple linear regression model, the curve estimation model and the principal component analysis model are established, and the optimal prediction models for each index are found through the comparison of each model.
The principal component analysis model of the reference value of the puberty male expiratory volume: Y ERV=1.658+0.00000692x1+0.0000828x2-0.00563x3-0.00409x4-0.000109x5+0.00452x6-0.0677x7
2. The estimation model of reference volume and geographical factors for puberty women: Y ERV=1.662 * 0.964X3
(3) the multiple linear regression model of the reference volume of young women's expiratory volume and geographical factors: Y ERV=-1.930+0.00013x1+0.00043x2-0.0253x3+0.0375x4-0.075x7
(4) multiple linear regression model for the reference value of young men's residual volume and geographical factors: Y RV=3226.156-0.094x1-14.064x4-242.442x7
A multiple linear regression model for reference value of young men's deep inspiration and geographical factors: Y IC=1.294-0.051X3+0.019X4+0.023X6
The principal component analysis model of maximum peak expiratory flow rate and geographical factors in middle-aged and old men: Y PEF=7.845-0.000355x1-0.000120x2+0.00154x3+0.00108x4-0.000130x5+0.0120x6-0.408x7
The principal component analysis model of maximum peak expiratory flow velocity of young men and geographical factors: Y PEF=7.839+0.000266x1+0.000485x2-0.0135x3-0.0193x4-0.000146x5-0.00951x6-0.119x7
(4) using the prediction model and the method of geostatistical analysis, with the help of the ArcMap module in ArcGIS software, the reference values of lung function and corresponding geographical attributes of 4383 regions of China are loaded on the vectored maps, and the spatial trend distribution map of the reference values of four indexes of lung function is interpolated by Craig (Kringing) method.
Conclusion: the above model can be used to estimate the pulmonary function reference value of male and female sex in the whole area of China, and bring scientific and convenient reference standard for clinical laboratory medicine and social psycho medicine, and can clearly see the trend and distribution of the four indexes of lung function in the distribution map.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：R188

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