本文選題：三峽工程 + 鉤端螺旋體病��； 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 目的1、全面分析庫區(qū)鉤端螺旋體(以下簡稱鉤體)病流行現(xiàn)況及其動態(tài)變化趨勢,綜合評價(jià)三峽工程對庫區(qū)鉤體病流行規(guī)律的影響,為相關(guān)部門制定決策提供依據(jù);并就大型工程對自然疫源性疾病的影響評價(jià)進(jìn)行方法學(xué)探討。2、提出生態(tài)環(huán)境生物安全研究及評價(jià)的概念,為預(yù)防和控制人類傳染病的發(fā)生和流行提出新的設(shè)想。 方法1、現(xiàn)場調(diào)查抽取宜昌市秭歸縣茅坪鎮(zhèn)、夷陵區(qū)太平溪鎮(zhèn)、三斗坪鎮(zhèn)、樂天溪鎮(zhèn)等4個(gè)調(diào)查點(diǎn),采用夾夜法調(diào)查鼠密度及種群構(gòu)成。將各調(diào)查點(diǎn)捕獲的老鼠在無菌操作下取米粒大小鼠腎組織于Korthof培養(yǎng)基中進(jìn)行鉤體培養(yǎng)。2、在四個(gè)調(diào)查點(diǎn)采集健康人血清,開展顯微凝集實(shí)驗(yàn)調(diào)查壩區(qū)人群鉤體感染率。3、通過公開發(fā)表文獻(xiàn)收集庫區(qū)鉤體病發(fā)病資料、鼠密度動態(tài)資料;庫區(qū)氣象資料和農(nóng)業(yè)耕地資料摘自1997～2007年長江三峽工程生態(tài)與環(huán)境監(jiān)測公報(bào)。4、采用Office 2003軟件系統(tǒng)中的Excel建立數(shù)據(jù)庫、制作圖表,采用SAS8.1完成統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。 結(jié)果1、1997～2005年庫區(qū)鼠密度波動于2.81～6.15%之間,變化曲線程斜置的“W”形。相關(guān)分析表明庫區(qū)鼠密度與農(nóng)作物播種面積的絕對變化量呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。蓄水期間壩區(qū)室內(nèi)外鼠密度均呈上升趨勢,室內(nèi)鼠密度明顯高于室外。壩區(qū)捕獲的嚙齒動物以黃胸鼠為優(yōu)勢種,占29.58%。室內(nèi)外鼠種構(gòu)成不同,室內(nèi)以黃胸鼠為優(yōu)勢種、室外優(yōu)勢種為黑線姬鼠。壩區(qū)室內(nèi)外鼠種有相互遷移的現(xiàn)象。2、壩區(qū)人群鉤體感染率為16.91%,感染率有隨年齡增長而升高的趨勢。男女感染率分別為16.39%、17.35%,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。感染人群以農(nóng)民為主,血清陽性率達(dá)29.61%。3、壩區(qū)鼠腎鉤體培養(yǎng)陽性率為18.30%,其中黑線姬鼠培養(yǎng)陽性率最高,達(dá)30.56%。4、1996年以來庫區(qū)鉤體病發(fā)病率波動于0/10萬～2.588/10萬之間。1998年、2000年分別有一個(gè)發(fā)病峰,其余年份均程下降趨勢,2003～2005年無病例報(bào)告。庫區(qū)鉤體發(fā)病率與室外鼠密度呈高度正相關(guān),與農(nóng)村人均收入呈一定程度的負(fù)相關(guān)。 結(jié)論1、目前庫區(qū)鉤體病處于低發(fā)病率水平。但蓄水期間存在爆發(fā)或流行的潛在可能。從長遠(yuǎn)的角度看,三峽工程的建設(shè)和運(yùn)行將有利于庫區(qū)鉤體病的預(yù)防和控制。但是,三峽旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展可能導(dǎo)致大量易感人群的輸入;而人流、物流的增加也使庫區(qū)鉤體菌群更迭的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加大,因此仍需加強(qiáng)監(jiān)測和管理。蓄水達(dá)175米后,消落區(qū)的出現(xiàn)將促使庫區(qū)濕地生態(tài)群落的形成,其對庫區(qū)鉤體病流行的影響值得關(guān)注。2、對于任何一項(xiàng)大型工程的環(huán)境醫(yī)學(xué)評價(jià)均應(yīng)從生態(tài)環(huán)境、社會環(huán)境、人口學(xué)及人群行為特征的改變?nèi)胧诌M(jìn)行定性和定量評價(jià)。其中,預(yù)警指標(biāo)體系的建立是評價(jià)的關(guān)鍵和難點(diǎn)所在。3、通過生態(tài)環(huán)境生物安全研究及評價(jià),我們可以采取措施干擾新病原體的產(chǎn)生或者切斷其進(jìn)入人群的途徑,從而避免新的傳染病在人間發(fā)生和流行,使傳染病預(yù)防和控制的起點(diǎn)向前推進(jìn),從根本上消除或緩解人類傳染病負(fù)擔(dān)。另外,生態(tài)環(huán)境生物安全也可以作為生態(tài)安全研究的有機(jī)組成部分,在考慮如何保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的同時(shí)也重視如何保護(hù)人類自身健康,從而真正作到人與自然的和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Objective 1 to comprehensively analyze the current situation and dynamic trend of leptospirosis epidemic in the reservoir area, to comprehensively evaluate the influence of the Three Gorges Project on the epidemic law of Leptospira in the reservoir area, to provide the basis for the decision-making of the related departments, and to discuss the methodology of the evaluation of the impact of large projects on the natural epidemic diseases,.2, and put forward the ecology. The concept of environmental biosafety research and evaluation puts forward new ideas for the prevention and control of the occurrence and prevalence of human infectious diseases.
Methods 1, the field survey was conducted to investigate the density and population composition of the rats in Maoping, Zigui, Yichang, Taiping Xi, Yiling, Taiping Xi, three Dou Ping Town and Letian brook town. The rat kidney tissues of the mice captured by the survey sites were cultured in the Korthof medium for.2, in four investigations. The incidence of leptospirosis in the dam area was investigated by microagglutination test (.3). The data of the incidence of leptospirosis in the reservoir area and the dynamic data of the rat density were collected by the public literature. The meteorological data and the agricultural land data in the reservoir area were taken from the public bulletin of the three Gorges Project and the Environmental Monitoring Bulletin of the Yangtze River in 1997~2007 years, and the software system of Office 2003 was adopted. The Excel in the system establishes database, makes charts, and completes statistical analysis with SAS8.1.
Results in the 11997~2005 years, the density of rats in the reservoir area fluctuated between 2.81 and 6.15%, and the "W" shape of the curved thread was changed. The correlation analysis showed that the density of the rats in the reservoir area was positively correlated with the absolute change of the crop sown area. The density of the indoor and outer rats in the dam area increased and the density of the rat in the room was obviously higher than that in the outdoor. Rodents are the dominant species in rodents, which constitute different species of 29.58%. indoor and outdoor mice. The dominant species in the indoor and outdoor species is Apodemus Apodemus. The indoor and outdoor mice in the dam area have the phenomenon of mutual migration.2, the rate of Leptospira infection in the dam area is 16.91%, the infection rate increases with age, and the rate of infection of men and women is 16.39%, respectively. 17.35%, the difference was not statistically significant. The positive rate of the serum positive rate of the infected people was 29.61%.3, the positive rate of the kidney Leptospira culture in the dam area was 18.30%, and the positive rate of the culture of the black line of Apodemus was the highest. The incidence of leptospirosis in the reservoir area fluctuated from 0/10 to 2.588/10 million to.1998 years since 30.56%.41996 years, and there was a peak in 2000, respectively. There was no case report for the rest of the year, and there was no case report for 2003~2005 years. The incidence of leptospirosis in the reservoir area was highly correlated with the density of outdoor rat, and was negatively related to the per capita income of rural areas.
Conclusion 1, there is a low incidence of Leptospira in the reservoir area, but the potential of outbreak or epidemic is possible during the storage period. In the long run, the construction and operation of the Three Gorges Project will be beneficial to the prevention and control of leptospiral disease in the reservoir area. In addition, the risk of alternation of Leptospira in the reservoir area is increased, so monitoring and management still need to be strengthened. After 175 meters of water storage, the emergence of the extinction area will lead to the formation of the wetland ecological community in the reservoir area. The impact on the epidemic of the leptospira in the reservoir area should be paid attention to.2. The environmental medical evaluation for any large project should be from the ecological environment and the social environment. The changes of demographic and demographic characteristics are evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Among them, the establishment of the early warning index system is the key and difficult point of the evaluation.3. Through the research and evaluation of ecological environment biosafety, we can take measures to interfere with the generation of new pathogens or cut off their access to the population so as to avoid new transmission. The occurrence and prevalence of diseases in the world make the starting point of the prevention and control of infectious diseases forward, fundamentally eliminating or alleviating the burden of human infectious diseases. In addition, ecological environmental biosafety can also be an organic part of ecological security research, considering how to protect the ecological system and how to protect human health. Thus, the harmonious development of man and nature is true.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：R514;R184

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