本文選題：結(jié)核病 + 地理信息系統(tǒng)　； 參考：《山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 目的:結(jié)核病是一種常見的危害嚴重的傳染病,在我國存在不同程度的流行。本課題應(yīng)用空間分析方法研究中國結(jié)核病的空間分布特征和空間積聚性,并探索中國結(jié)核病與社會經(jīng)濟的關(guān)系,為結(jié)核病的防治提供更為科學(xué)的依據(jù)。 方法:收集全國結(jié)核病流行病學(xué)調(diào)查資料,建立相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫,在Arcview3.2/SAS8.0/SPSS11.5軟件的支持下,與建立的數(shù)據(jù)庫相聯(lián),并進行空間分析;對活動性肺結(jié)核患病率、肺結(jié)核死亡率和社會經(jīng)濟因素進行相關(guān)分析。 結(jié)果:(1)繪制中國結(jié)核病空間分布的等值線圖和曲面圖;構(gòu)建4階趨勢面模型可較好的描述我國活動性肺結(jié)核患病率和肺結(jié)核死亡率的空間分布特征。 (2)繪制中國結(jié)核病空間分布的電子地圖,通過全局空間相關(guān)分析尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)活動性肺結(jié)核患病率(Z=0.7775,P＞0.05)和肺結(jié)核死亡率(Z=1.5976,P＞0.05)存在空間積聚性;通過局域空間相關(guān)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)活動性肺結(jié)核患病率在西藏周邊地區(qū)存在高發(fā)的“熱點”區(qū)域(Z=2.2603,P＜0.05),在上海周邊地區(qū)存在低發(fā)的“冷點”區(qū)域(Z=1.9642,P＜0.05);尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)肺結(jié)核死亡率存在“熱點”和“冷點”區(qū)域(P＞0.05)。 (3)選取兩個主成分作為我國結(jié)核病發(fā)生的綜合指標;聚類分析譜系圖顯示我國結(jié)核病的發(fā)生可分為3個主要空間分布區(qū)域,并在電子地圖中表示出來;制作對應(yīng)分析圖研究中國結(jié)核病發(fā)生的空間積聚性。 (4)中國活動性肺結(jié)核病患病率與社會經(jīng)濟因素有關(guān)r=-0.383(P=0.040),尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)肺結(jié)核死亡率與社會經(jīng)濟因素存在明顯的相關(guān)r=-0.318(P=0.093)。 結(jié)論:全局空間相關(guān)分析顯示尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)我國活動性肺結(jié)核患病率和肺結(jié)核死亡率存在空間積聚性;我國結(jié)核病的發(fā)生可分為3個主要空間分布區(qū)域,不同區(qū)域內(nèi)的結(jié)核病防治應(yīng)采取相應(yīng)的對策;活動性肺結(jié)核患病率與社會經(jīng)濟有關(guān)。 目的:120急救系統(tǒng)在急救事件處理中發(fā)揮著重要作用,本課題將地理信息系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于120急救系統(tǒng),為山西省建立基于地理信息系統(tǒng)的120急救系統(tǒng)提供科學(xué)方法指導(dǎo)。 方法:以山西省太原市城區(qū)1∶10,000地圖為背景,在Arcview3.2軟件中建立行政邊界圖層,在地圖上標出研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的急救站和有急診資格的醫(yī)院。進行太原市城區(qū)120急救站的服務(wù)現(xiàn)狀和最近急救站車輛調(diào)度、最優(yōu)醫(yī)院選擇的研究。 結(jié)果:以Arcview3.2為操作平臺,以圖示化分析說明山西省太原市城區(qū)120急救站的服務(wù)區(qū)現(xiàn)狀;應(yīng)用地理信息系統(tǒng)空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析進行調(diào)度車輛路線規(guī)劃,這種方法能考慮實際路網(wǎng)情形,將路線規(guī)劃結(jié)果呈現(xiàn)在地理信息系統(tǒng)的道路網(wǎng)圖上,以準確的道路路線圖表示出規(guī)劃的結(jié)果。 結(jié)論:將地理信息系統(tǒng)分析技術(shù)應(yīng)用于120急救系統(tǒng),采用查詢定位技術(shù)、圖層合并技術(shù)、最短路徑方法等技術(shù)可以提高應(yīng)急調(diào)度的自動化和快速化,地理信息系統(tǒng)在120急救系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著重要作用。
[Abstract]:Objective : To study the spatial distribution and spatial accumulation of tuberculosis in China , and to explore the relationship between tuberculosis and social economy in China and to provide a more scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis .


Methods : The epidemiological investigation data of tuberculosis was collected and relevant database was established . The database was connected with the established database under the support of Arcview3.2 / SAS8.0 / SPSS 11.5 software , and spatial analysis was carried out . The prevalence of active tuberculosis , tuberculosis mortality rate and socio - economic factors were analyzed .


Results : ( 1 ) The contour map and surface map of the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in China were drawn . The spatial distribution characteristics of active pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculosis mortality in China were well described by constructing the 4th order trend surface model .


( 2 ) There was spatial accumulation in the distribution of tuberculosis space in China . The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis ( Z = 0.7775 , P > 0.05 ) and pulmonary tuberculosis mortality rate ( Z = 1.5976 , P > 0.05 ) were detected by global spatial correlation analysis . The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis was found in the region around Tibet ( Z = 2.2603 , P < 0.05 ) . There was no " hot spot " and " cold spot " region in the surrounding area of Shanghai ( P > 0.05 ) .


( 3 ) Two main components were selected as a comprehensive index for the occurrence of tuberculosis in China . Cluster analysis shows that the occurrence of tuberculosis in China can be divided into three main spatial distribution regions and is represented in the electronic map , and the spatial accumulation of tuberculosis in China is studied by the corresponding analysis chart .


( 4 ) The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in China was related to socio - economic factors ( r = - 0.383 ( P = 0 . 040 ) . There was no significant correlation between mortality and socioeconomic factors ( r = - 0.318 ( P = 0.093 ) .


Conclusion : The global spatial correlation analysis shows that there is space accumulation in the prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in China and the mortality rate of pulmonary tuberculosis ; the occurrence of tuberculosis in China can be divided into three main spatial distribution regions , and the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in different regions should be taken accordingly ; the prevalence of active tuberculosis is related to the social economy .


Objective : 120 First Aid System plays an important role in emergency treatment . This project applies GIS to 120 first aid system , and provides scientific method guidance for the establishment of 120 emergency system based on GIS in Shanxi Province .


Methods : Based on a map of 1 : 10,000 in Taiyuan City , Shanxi Province , an administrative boundary layer was established in Arcview3.2 software . First - aid stations and emergency - qualified hospitals in the study area were marked on the map .


Results : Using Arcview3.2 as the operating platform , the present situation of the service area of 120 first - aid station in Taiyuan city area of Shanxi Province was illustrated by means of graphical analysis , and the planning of vehicle route was scheduled by using GIS spatial network analysis . The method can take into account the actual road network situation , present the results of route planning on the road network map of the geographic information system , and express the planned results with an accurate road map road map .


Conclusion : Applying GIS technology to 120 first - aid system can improve the automation and rapidity of emergency dispatch by using query location technology , layer combination technology , shortest path method and so on . Geographic information system plays an important role in 120 emergency system .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：R181.3;R197.1

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