發(fā)布時間：2018-04-21 06:49

  本文選題：釘螺 + 滅螺植物　； 參考：《華中師范大學》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 控制釘螺是防治血吸蟲病的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。研發(fā)高效、持久、安全及價廉(WHO標準)的新型植物滅螺劑是滅螺藥物研究的熱點。由于缺乏對植物滅螺成分單體水平的構(gòu)效關(guān)系、環(huán)境安全及經(jīng)濟性的同步研究,以致尚未研究出一種符合WHO標準的植物滅螺藥物。本文研究滅螺植物有效成分的提取分離工藝及對Nic抑螺增效作用、釘螺轉(zhuǎn)氨酶的動力學特征及對釘螺藥物的敏感性,為新型滅螺藥物研發(fā)提供設(shè)計依據(jù)和物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。 1.RC滅螺皂甙的提取分離研究 RC原粉經(jīng)MeOH索氏提取和正丁醇萃取、TLC及CCL分離純化,得到皂甙結(jié)晶RCI,其純度為83.53%。采用WHO試驗法測定,5.0 mg·L~(-1)的RCI浸殺釘螺72h,其死亡率為80.0%。結(jié)果說明RCI具有較高的滅螺活性。 2.SX生物堿的提取工藝研究 采用L_16(4~4)正交試驗與極、方差分析,以SX果實滅螺生物堿SXⅡ和SXⅢ的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為指標,研究確定其最佳提取條件。SXⅡ的最佳提取條件為:浸提溫度40℃、浸提時間15h、水與原料配比10g·mL~(-1)、浸提劑pH3.0;SXⅢ的最佳提取條件為:浸提溫度10℃、浸提劑pH3.0、浸提時間15h、水與原料配比10g·mL(-1)。結(jié)論為SX生物堿生產(chǎn)應(yīng)用提供實驗基礎(chǔ)。3.SX生物堿對Nic抑螺增效研究 采用WHO試驗法測定,SXⅠ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ浸泡釘螺24h,其死亡率達100%的濃度分別為100、8和200 mg·L~(-1)。用Nic抑螺無效濃度0.25、0.5及1.0 mg·L~(-1),分別與SXⅠ、Ⅱ及Ⅲ抑螺無效濃度50、2.7及67 mg·L~(-1)聯(lián)用時,Nic抑螺率分別提高100、60及100%。結(jié)果說明SXⅡ具有高效滅螺和增加Nic抑螺效應(yīng)的作用。 4.釘螺GPT和GOT反應(yīng)動力學特征及對滅螺藥物的敏感性研究 采用L_25(5~6)正交試驗與極、方差分析,以釘螺軟體60-90%飽和度鹽析蛋白為材料,研究確定了釘螺GPT的反應(yīng)最適條件為:酶濃度0.1 mg·mL~(-1)、α-酮戊二酸5μmol·L~(-1)、反應(yīng)體系pH6.5、反應(yīng)溫度30℃、反應(yīng)時間30min;GOT反應(yīng)最適條件為酶濃度0.2mg·mL~(-1)、L-天門冬氨酸2.5μmol·L~(-1)、反應(yīng)體系pH6.0、反應(yīng)溫度40℃、反應(yīng)時間30min。 在4mg·L~(-1)的CuSO_4、Nic及SXⅡ藥液中,GPT活性抑制率分別為81.2、-32.2及16.2%,GOT活性抑制率分別為89.7、-18.8及-11.4%。結(jié)論說明離體釘螺GPT和GOT對CuSO_4敏感性較高,對Nic和SXⅡ的敏感性較低。
[Abstract]:Snail control is one of the key techniques for schistosomiasis control. Research and development of new plant molluscicides with high efficiency, durability, safety and low cost is a hot spot in the research of snail control drugs. Due to the lack of the structure-activity relationship at the level of plant molluscicidal components, and the simultaneous study of environmental safety and economic efficiency, a plant snail killing drug conforming to the WHO standard has not been developed. In this paper, the extraction and separation of effective components from snail control plants, the synergistic effect of Nic on snail inhibition, the kinetic characteristics of snail aminotransferase and its sensitivity to snail drugs were studied, which provided the design basis and material basis for the research and development of new snail killing drugs. Study on extraction and Separation of 1.RC saponins The RC powder was extracted by MeOH Soxhlet and purified by TLC and CCL extraction with n-butanol, and the purity of the saponins was 83.53. The method of WHO test was used to determine the RCI dipping of Oncomelania hupensis for 72 h, and the mortality rate was 80.0%. The results showed that RCI had high snail killing activity. Study on extraction process of 2.SX Alkaloids The optimum extraction conditions of SX 鈪，

本文編號：1781360