本文選題：高浮縣 + 血吸蟲病�。� 參考：《南京農業(yè)大學》2005年碩士論文

【摘要】：血吸蟲病是由日本分體吸蟲寄生于人和牛、羊、豬、犬等以及嚙齒動物的門靜脈系統(tǒng)的小血管內所致的一種嚴重地方性寄生蟲病。曾廣泛流行于我國長江流域及長江以南的12個省(直轄市、自治區(qū)),危害人畜甚為嚴重。我縣地處長江以南,位于江蘇省西南端,歷史上曾為血吸蟲病重疫區(qū)。后經(jīng)多年大規(guī)模的滅螺等血防措施,到上世紀70年代疫情得到有效控制,1986年達到基本消滅血吸蟲病的標準。但近年來,我縣血吸蟲病病人日益增多,疫情有迅速上升并向四周蔓延趨勢。 血吸蟲病的流行病學調查是血防工作的重要組成部分,是認識血吸蟲病流行規(guī)律和流行現(xiàn)象的重要方法。本研究旨在通過①螺情調查②水體感染性調查③動物感染情況調查④滅螺效果和⑤重點人群的疫病調查等五個方面,了解釘螺的分布地點、面積、感染率;受威脅人群的分布;疫區(qū)放牧動物的感染等情況,找出本地血吸蟲病的流行特點和原因,以便因地制宜制訂出科學有效的針對性防制措施,為進一步調整和完善我縣的血防措施提供科學依據(jù)。 調查結果為:2003年,查螺848.5萬平方米,有螺面積達62.615萬平方米,其中陽性螺面積達31.6萬平方米,是2002年的26倍;四個哨鼠監(jiān)測點測定結果分別為:楊家灣(水閘外側)陽性率100%,南宕村陽性率96.67%,三壩陽性率100%,官溪河(水閘內側)為陰性,哨鼠平均感染率為75.65%;動物血吸蟲病陽性帶蟲牛2例;重點人群查病7064人,查出新感染病人418例,其中急感病人18例。2004年,查螺1279.15萬平方米,確定有螺面積65.515萬平方米,新發(fā)現(xiàn)釘螺面積2.88萬平方米,其中陽性螺面積30.5325萬平方米;六個哨鼠監(jiān)測點測定結果為:南宕圩為35.71%,其它點為陰性;動物查病,陽性牛1頭,陽性羊4只;重點人群查病,血檢陽性人數(shù)為499人,糞檢陽性人數(shù)34人,急感病人4人。 結果表明,2004年我縣的疫情已得到有效控制,主要表現(xiàn)在:①病人數(shù)明顯下降;②小年齡組病人占病人總數(shù)比例小;③急感病人數(shù)減少。但釘螺面積仍在上升,陽性螺面積下降不明顯,其主要原因可能為:①圩外有螺環(huán)境復雜,與安徽省當涂重疫區(qū)相連,直接受其影響,雖然我縣每年進行藥物滅螺,但只能控制其密度,不能徹底消滅:②圩內蟹塘釘螺擴散,主要是蟹塘喂螺螄和水草所致。
[Abstract]:Schistosomiasis japonica is a severe endemic parasitic disease caused by the parasitism of human and small vessels of the portal vein system of cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs and rodents. It has been widely used in 12 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in the Yangtze River valley and south of the Yangtze River in China, causing serious harm to people and animals. Located in the south of the Yangtze River and in the southwest end of Jiangsu Province, our county was once a severely affected area of schistosomiasis. After many years of large-scale schistosomiasis control measures, the epidemic situation was effectively controlled in the 1970s, and reached the standard of basically eliminating schistosomiasis in 1986. But in recent years, the schistosomiasis patients in our county are increasing day by day, and the epidemic situation is rising rapidly and spreading all around. The epidemiological investigation of schistosomiasis is an important part of schistosomiasis prevention and control and an important method to understand the epidemic law and phenomenon of schistosomiasis. The purpose of this study was to find out the distribution location, area, infection rate of Oncomelania hupensis and the distribution of threatened population in five aspects: 1 snail survey 2 water body infection survey 3 animal infection survey 4 snail killing effect and 5 key population epidemic investigation. The epidemic characteristics and causes of local schistosomiasis were found out in order to formulate scientific and effective measures to prevent and control schistosomiasis in epidemic areas, and to provide scientific basis for further adjustment and improvement of the measures of schistosomiasis control in our county. The results were as follows: in 2003, there were 8.485 million square meters of snails and 626150 square meters of snails, of which the area of positive snails was 316000 square meters, which was 26 times that of 2002. The positive rate of Yangjiawan (outside the sluice gate) was 100, the positive rate of Sanba was 100, the positive rate of Sanba was 100, the average infection rate of sentinel was 75.650.The positive rate of schistosomiasis was 2 cases of cattle with schistosomiasis. In 2004, 12.7915 million square meters of snails were checked, 655150 square meters of snail area was determined, and 28800 square meters of newly discovered snail area, of which 305325 square meters of positive snail area; The results of six sentinel rodent monitoring sites were as follows: Nandang Wei was 35.71, others were negative, animal disease was detected, positive cattle were 1, positive sheep were 4, blood test was positive in 499 people, fecal examination was positive in 34, and acute feeling was 4. The results showed that the epidemic situation in our county had been effectively controlled in 2004.The main manifestation was that the number of patients in the small age group decreased obviously, and the proportion of the patients in the small age group in the total number of patients decreased. However, the snail area is still rising, and the positive snail area is not obviously decreasing. The main reason may be that the snail environment is complicated outside the Wei 1 fair, which is directly affected by Dangtu heavy epidemic area in Anhui Province, although the drug is used to kill snails in our county every year. However, the density of Oncomelania hupensis in the crab pond could not be completely eliminated by controlling the density of the snail, which was mainly caused by the feeding of snails and water plants in the crab pond.
【學位授予單位】：南京農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2005
【分類號】：R181.3;S855.9

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