本文選題：釘螺　切入點(diǎn)：趨光性　出處：《蘇州大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 第一部分光照強(qiáng)度和光色對(duì)釘螺趨光性的影響 目的研究湖北釘螺(Oncomelania hupensis)對(duì)不同光照強(qiáng)度和光色的趨性。 方法利用自制的趨光性裝置,以正常的湖北釘螺(Oncomelania hupensis)為研究對(duì)象,用白熾燈為光源,光照強(qiáng)度梯度分別為500、1 000、1 500、2 000、2 500、3 000、3 500、4 000、4 500、5 000Lux;光色采用紅、黃、綠、藍(lán)四種顏色,光照強(qiáng)度皆為100Lux,對(duì)釘螺進(jìn)行趨光性實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。 結(jié)果釘螺在所設(shè)的白熾燈光照下均表現(xiàn)出正趨光性,當(dāng)光照強(qiáng)度低于2 000Lux時(shí),隨著光照強(qiáng)度的增強(qiáng)趨光指數(shù)增大,光照強(qiáng)度為2 000Lux時(shí)趨光指數(shù)達(dá)到最大,在500Lux、1000Lux、1500Lux三個(gè)梯度下趨光指數(shù)無顯著性差異(P0.05),但500Lux與2 000Lux兩個(gè)梯度下趨光指數(shù)具極顯著性差異(P0.01),光照強(qiáng)度大于2000Lux時(shí),隨著光照強(qiáng)度的增強(qiáng)趨光指數(shù)下降,在2500Lux、3000Lux和3500Lux三個(gè)梯度之間,釘螺的趨光指數(shù)無明顯差異(P0.05),在3500Lux與4000Lux之間趨光指數(shù)差異極明顯(P0.01)。釘螺在四種顏色光照強(qiáng)度下均表現(xiàn)為正趨光性。釘螺對(duì)綠光和紅光的趨光指數(shù)具顯著性差異(P0.01),四種顏色光對(duì)釘螺的趨性的影響大小依次為綠光藍(lán)光黃光紅光。 結(jié)論釘螺在所設(shè)的白熾燈光照下均表現(xiàn)出正趨光性,當(dāng)光照強(qiáng)度低于2000Lux時(shí),隨著光照強(qiáng)度的增強(qiáng)趨光指數(shù)增大,光照強(qiáng)度為2000Lux時(shí)趨光指數(shù)達(dá)到最大,光照強(qiáng)度大于2000Lux時(shí),隨著光照強(qiáng)度的增強(qiáng)趨光指數(shù)下降;釘螺對(duì)綠光和藍(lán)光的趨光指數(shù)大于紅光和黃光,四種顏色光對(duì)釘螺的趨性的影響大小依次為綠光藍(lán)光黃光紅光。 第二至第四部分生姜滅螺效應(yīng)研究 目的研究生姜對(duì)釘螺殺滅效應(yīng)及殺螺機(jī)理,為探索新型的滅螺植物和生姜在血吸蟲病防治方面的研發(fā)提供參考。 方法釘螺浸殺試驗(yàn)觀察經(jīng)1g/L、2g/L、5g/L、10g/L和20g/L的生姜浸液浸泡24h、48h、72h和96h后釘螺的死亡率,并設(shè)清水對(duì)照組。螺卵影響試驗(yàn),螺卵經(jīng)0.25g/L、0.5g/L、1g/L、2.5g/L、5g/L和10g/L生姜浸液處理24h后,觀察螺卵孵化率及螺卵形態(tài)學(xué)方面的變化,并設(shè)清水對(duì)照組。采取乙酸乙酯溶劑浸提法,抽提姜辣素粗提液,配制成5mg/L、10mg/L、20mg/L、40mg/L、80mg/L的濃度梯度的姜辣素溶液,用DMF為助溶劑,控制各濃度溶液中所含DMF均為1 ml/L,設(shè)DMF(1ml/L)及去氯清水為對(duì)照,按上述同樣的方法,進(jìn)行滅螺實(shí)驗(yàn)。生姜液對(duì)釘螺蛋白和DNA含量的影響實(shí)驗(yàn),將釘螺投放入20g/L的生姜浸液中處理48h后,檢測(cè)釘螺濕重蛋白和DNA的含量,以去氯水為對(duì)照。 結(jié)果(1)釘螺死亡率隨著生姜浸液濃度的升高和時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而遞增,其中,實(shí)驗(yàn)中各濃度生姜浸液浸泡72h后釘螺的死亡率最小為56.7%,最大為100%;處理時(shí)間96h后,釘螺的死亡率均達(dá)到100%。 (2)當(dāng)生姜浸液濃度小與1g/L時(shí),螺卵孵化率與清水對(duì)照組無顯著性差異(P0.05);當(dāng)濃度為1g/L時(shí),螺卵孵化率為56%,與0.5g/L、1g/L和清水對(duì)照組相比具有顯著差異(P0.01);當(dāng)生姜浸液濃度大于1g/L時(shí),各組螺卵的孵化率均為0%,與清水對(duì)照組相比,具有顯著差異(P0.01)。 (3)螺卵經(jīng)濃度為0.25g/L和0.5g/L的生姜浸液浸泡24h后,鏡下觀察胚胎組織仍清晰可見,與對(duì)照組相比無顯著變化;當(dāng)濃度為1g/L,胚胎開始出現(xiàn)顯著變化,胚胎在卵膜內(nèi)靜止不動(dòng),且結(jié)構(gòu)不清晰,胚胎組織顏色由黃褐色變?yōu)楹谏�。隨著濃度的增高,胚胎組織變化越明顯,并逐漸趨于崩解潰散。 (4)隨著姜辣素溶液濃度的增高和時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),釘螺的死亡率遞增。不同濃度處理48h后,釘螺的死亡率最低為53.3%,最高達(dá)100%,作用72h后,釘螺的死亡率大于等于90%,96h均達(dá)100%。而DMF(ml/L)和去氯水對(duì)照組未見釘螺死亡。 (5)經(jīng)濃度為20g/L生姜浸液浸泡48h后,釘螺蛋白含量減少率為25.8%,明顯小于對(duì)照組(P0.01);DNA含量無明顯減少,減少率僅為2.9%,與對(duì)照組相比無明顯差異(p0.05)。 結(jié)論生姜浸液對(duì)釘螺及螺卵有一定的毒殺作用,隨著濃度的升高和時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),釘螺的死亡率呈上升趨勢(shì);當(dāng)生姜浸液濃度小于1g/L時(shí),螺卵的孵化率和形態(tài)學(xué)無顯著變化;當(dāng)其濃度大于等于1g/L時(shí),螺卵的孵化率和形態(tài)學(xué)發(fā)生顯著變化;生姜姜辣素粗提液對(duì)釘螺有較好的殺滅作用,說明姜辣素中可能含有有效的滅螺化學(xué)成分;生姜浸液能影響釘螺的能量代謝,使釘螺濕重軟體蛋白的含量明顯降低,但對(duì)DNA含量影響不明顯。
[Abstract]:The effect of light intensity and light color of the first part on the phototropism of nail snails



Objective To study the phototropism of Onlyhupensis in different light intensity and light color .



Methods : The light source and light intensity gradient were 500 , 1000 , 1 500 , 2 000 , 25 500 , 3 000 , 3 500 , 4 000 , 4 500 , 5 000 lux respectively . The light color used red , yellow , green and blue colors , and the light intensity was 100 lux .



Results There was no significant difference between the light intensity and light intensity when the light intensity was lower than 2,000 lux ( P0.01 ) .



Conclusion The light intensity of the nail is the highest when the light intensity is 2000lux when the light intensity is less than 2000 lux . When the light intensity is 2000lux , the light index decreases with the increasing of the light intensity . The phototaxis index of the nail to green and blue light is larger than that of red light and yellow light , and the influence of the four color lights on the phototropism of the nail is green and blue light yellow and red light .



Studies on the effect of the second to fourth parts of ginger on the molluscicidal effect



Objective To study the effect of ginger on the killing effect and the mechanism of killing snail , and provide a reference for the research and development of new type of molluscicide and ginger in the prevention and control of schistosomiasis .



Methods The mortality rate of snail eggs and the morphological changes of snail eggs were observed after immersion in 1 g / L , 2 g / L , 5 g / L , 10 g / L , and 20 g / L ginger extract at 24 h , 48 h , 72 h and 96 h .



Results ( 1 ) The rate of snail mortality increased with the increase of the concentration of ginger extract and time , among which the mortality of the snail was 56 . 7 % , the maximum was 100 % after soaking for 72 h in ginger extract . After 96 h treatment time , the mortality rate of the snail reached 100 % .



( 2 ) When the concentration of ginger extract was less than 1 g / L , the hatching rate of the eggs was not significantly different from that of the clear water control group ( P0.05 ) . When the concentration was 1g / L , the hatching rate of the eggs was 56 % , and the hatching rate of the eggs in each group was 0 % when the concentration of ginger extract was greater than 1 g / L .



( 3 ) After soaked in ginger extract with the concentration of 0.25g / L and 0.5g / L for 24h , it was observed that the embryonic tissue was still clearly visible under the microscope . When the concentration was 1 g / L , the embryo began to change significantly , the embryo was motionless in the egg membrane , the structure was not clear , the color of the embryonic tissue was changed from yellowish brown to black . With the increase of concentration , the more obvious the change of the embryo tissue , and the gradual disintegration of the embryo tissue .



( 4 ) With the increase of the concentration of gingerol solution and the prolongation of the time , the mortality rate of the snail was increased . After 48 hours of treatment with different concentrations , the mortality rate of the snail was 53 . 3 % , the highest was 100 % . After 72 h , the mortality rate of the snail was more than or equal to 90 % and 96 h was 100 % .



( 5 ) After soaked in 20 g / L ginger extract for 48 hours , the decrease rate of Ononscrew protein content was 25 . 8 % , which was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P0.01 ) ; the DNA content was not significantly reduced , the reduction rate was only 2.9 % , there was no significant difference compared with the control group ( p . 05 ) .



Conclusion ginger extract has a certain poisoning effect on the snail and the snail eggs , and the mortality rate of the snail eggs increases with the increase of the concentration and the time . When the concentration of ginger extract is less than 1 g / L , the hatching rate and morphology of the snail eggs are obviously changed ; the ginger extract can affect the energy metabolism of the snail , so that the content of the snail wet weight soft protein is obviously reduced , but the influence on the DNA content is not obvious .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：R184

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本文編號(hào)：1688156