本文關(guān)鍵詞： 傳染病 發(fā)病率 死亡率 流行趨勢(shì)　出處：《天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的:傳染病防控是當(dāng)今全球公共衛(wèi)生的熱點(diǎn),且防控形勢(shì)依然嚴(yán)峻。為進(jìn)一步掌握2004~2015年天津市北辰區(qū)法定報(bào)告?zhèn)魅静】傮w發(fā)病情況,分析該區(qū)傳染病病例的分布特征和流行趨勢(shì),為該區(qū)傳染病防控策略的制定和今后防控措施的實(shí)施提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。方法:通過(guò)《中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制信息系統(tǒng)》下載北辰區(qū)2004~2015年法定報(bào)告?zhèn)魅静〔±畔?采用Excel 2010和SPSS18.0對(duì)該區(qū)12年間傳染病的總體發(fā)病和死亡情況、不同傳播途徑傳染病及轄區(qū)內(nèi)重點(diǎn)傳染病進(jìn)行描述,并對(duì)不同年份發(fā)病率進(jìn)行趨勢(shì)卡方檢驗(yàn),分析傳染病發(fā)病率的變化趨勢(shì)。結(jié)果:1.2004~2015年北辰區(qū)共報(bào)告法定報(bào)告?zhèn)魅静?1877例,平均發(fā)病率為748.41/10萬(wàn),12年間發(fā)病率呈下降趨勢(shì)(c2趨勢(shì)=354.031,P0.001),男性發(fā)病率均高于女性,無(wú)甲類傳染病報(bào)告。12年中報(bào)告?zhèn)魅静∷劳霾±?4例,平均死亡率為0.63/10萬(wàn)。艾滋病、肺結(jié)核、狂犬病為傳染病主要死因。2.不同傳播途徑甲乙類傳染病:腸道傳染病報(bào)告病例數(shù)最多,為8115例,平均發(fā)病率117.07/10萬(wàn)。血液和性傳播疾病共報(bào)告5458例,平均發(fā)病率70.76/10萬(wàn)。呼吸道傳染病共報(bào)告4905例,平均發(fā)病率78.74/10萬(wàn)。以上三種傳播途徑傳染病發(fā)病率均呈下降趨勢(shì)。自然疫源及蟲媒傳染病平均發(fā)病率2.11/10萬(wàn),總體趨勢(shì)平穩(wěn),但其中布病發(fā)病率有所上升。3.重點(diǎn)傳染病發(fā)病情況:2004-2015年北辰區(qū)其他感染性腹瀉、細(xì)菌性痢疾、肺結(jié)核、乙型肝炎平均發(fā)病率分別為297.69/10萬(wàn)、107.74/10萬(wàn)、37.55/10萬(wàn)、35.37/10萬(wàn),發(fā)病率均呈下降趨勢(shì),。流行性出血熱屬于少發(fā)病,發(fā)病率一直較低,平均發(fā)病率0.49/10萬(wàn)。2008年手足口病被納入法定報(bào)告?zhèn)魅静∫詠?lái),發(fā)病率呈波動(dòng)中上升趨勢(shì),平均發(fā)病率124.29/10萬(wàn)。梅毒發(fā)病率則呈單峰模式,2008年前發(fā)病率逐年上升,然后逐年下降。從發(fā)病時(shí)間來(lái)看,其他感染性腹瀉、手足口病和細(xì)菌性痢疾等腸道傳染病具有較明顯的季節(jié)特征,發(fā)病高峰主要集中在6-8月。乙型肝炎、肺結(jié)核、梅毒則不具備明顯的季節(jié)特征。從病例年齡來(lái)看,其他感染性腹瀉、手足口病、細(xì)菌性痢疾等腸道傳染病以5歲以下嬰幼兒為主,而乙型肝炎、肺結(jié)核、梅毒、流行性出血熱則以20-34歲青年為主。從病例職業(yè)來(lái)看,其他感染性腹瀉、手足口病、細(xì)菌性痢疾以散居兒童為主,乙型肝炎、流行性出血熱以農(nóng)民為主,肺結(jié)核和梅毒則以家務(wù)及待業(yè)為主。從報(bào)告地區(qū)來(lái)看,天穆鎮(zhèn)、宜興埠鎮(zhèn)、青光鎮(zhèn)、北倉(cāng)鎮(zhèn)等鎮(zhèn)街報(bào)告病例數(shù)所占比例較高。結(jié)論:2004~2015年北辰區(qū)法定報(bào)告?zhèn)魅静“l(fā)病率總體趨勢(shì)下降,無(wú)甲類傳染病發(fā)生。但手足口病、布病發(fā)病率呈上升趨勢(shì),應(yīng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。
[Abstract]:Objective: prevention and control of infectious diseases is a hot spot in global public health, and the situation of prevention and control is still grim. In order to further understand the general incidence of infectious diseases reported by law in Beichen District of Tianjin City from 2004 to 2015, The distribution characteristics and epidemic trend of infectious disease cases in this area were analyzed. To provide scientific basis for the formulation of infectious disease prevention and control strategy and the implementation of prevention and control measures in the future. Methods: through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information system, the information on the reported cases of infectious diseases in Beichen District from 2004 to 2015 was downloaded. Excel 2010 and SPSS18.0 were used to describe the overall incidence and death of infectious diseases, infectious diseases of different transmission routes and key infectious diseases in the area during the 12 years in this area, and the incidence of infectious diseases in different years was tested by chi-square test. Results A total of 51877 cases of reported infectious diseases were reported in Beichen District from 1: 2004 to 2015. The average incidence of infectious diseases was 748.41 / 100 000 in 12 years. The incidence of infectious diseases showed a downward trend in 12 years. The incidence of male was higher than that of female, and the incidence rate of male was higher than that of female. Reports of non-A infectious diseases. 44 deaths from infectious diseases were reported in 12 years, with an average mortality rate of 0.63 / 100,000. AIDS, tuberculosis, Rabies is the main cause of death of infectious diseases. 2. Different transmission routes A and B infectious diseases: the most reported cases of intestinal infectious diseases, 8115 cases, the average incidence of 117.07 / 100 million, blood and sexually transmitted diseases reported a total of 5458 cases, The average incidence of respiratory infectious diseases was 4905 cases, and the average incidence rate was 78.74% -100,000. The incidence of infectious diseases of the three transmission routes above showed a downward trend. The average incidence rate of natural epidemic sources and insect-borne infectious diseases was 21.1 / 100,000, and the overall trend was stable. However, the incidence of brucellosis has increased .3. the incidence of key infectious diseases in Beichen District from 2004 to 2015 was 297.69 / 100 000, 107.74 / 100 000 or 100, 000 or 353,700 / 100, 000, respectively, in Beichen District from 2004 to 2015, and the average incidence of infectious diarrhea, bacillary dysentery, tuberculosis, and hepatitis B was 297.69 / 100 000, The incidence of epidemic haemorrhagic fever (EHF) is low, and the average incidence is 0.49% / 100,000. In 2008, HFMD was included in the legal reporting of infectious diseases. The average incidence of syphilis was 124.29 / 100,000. The incidence of syphilis showed a single-peak pattern. Before 2008, the incidence of syphilis increased year by year and then decreased year by year. From the point of view of the onset time, other infectious diarrhea, Intestinal infectious diseases such as hand, foot and mouth disease and bacillary dysentery have obvious seasonal characteristics, and the peak incidence is mainly from June to August. Hepatitis B, tuberculosis and syphilis do not have obvious seasonal characteristics. Other infectious diarrhoea, hand, foot and mouth disease, bacillary dysentery and other intestinal infections are mainly infantile children under 5 years of age, while hepatitis B, tuberculosis, syphilis and epidemic hemorrhagic fever are mainly among young people aged 20-34. Other infectious diarrhea, hand, foot and mouth disease, bacillary dysentery are mainly among children living in the diaspora, hepatitis B, epidemic haemorrhagic fever are mainly farmers, tuberculosis and syphilis are mainly domestic and unemployed. From the report area, Tianmu Town, Yixing Bu Town, The proportion of reported cases in Qingguang and Beicang towns was high. Conclusion the incidence of legally reported infectious diseases in Beichen District from April to 2015 decreased, but the incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease and brucellosis increased. Attention should be focused.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R181.3

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