本文關(guān)鍵詞： 艾滋病 社區(qū) 倫理　出處：《中南大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 研究背景: 艾滋病具有明顯的生物—心理—社會性質(zhì)。因此在艾滋病的科研、防治及日常生活中均涉及到各種倫理問題,比如:社會對艾滋病感染者及病人的歧視問題、藥物試驗和科研中的知情同意、隱私保密等問題。這些倫理問題的適當(dāng)處理會有助于有效地解決艾滋病科研及防治中面臨的各種挑戰(zhàn)。 社區(qū)顧問委員會(簡稱CAB),作為研究者和社區(qū)的橋梁,在保證參與者的權(quán)益、尊重社區(qū)文化、權(quán)衡社區(qū)的風(fēng)險和利益等諸多方面起到了非常重要的作用,為保證艾滋病科研和防治工作的順利進行起到了積極的推動作用。CAB作為一個被國際社會廣泛接受和認可的社區(qū)參與模式,正越來越廣泛地應(yīng)用到發(fā)達國家的科學(xué)研發(fā)和行為干預(yù)等項目和工作中。近年來,隨著我國防治工作的深入開展,國際合作項目逐漸增多,在我國AIDS防治工作中,越來越多地區(qū)建立了CAB,據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計,我國已有廣西、云南、安徽、山西和新疆等五省經(jīng)建立了CAB。通過對這五省疾病預(yù)防控制中心人員的訪談,CAB對我國艾滋病的防控以及有關(guān)研究方面參與的重要性也日益凸現(xiàn)出來。 在我國艾滋病防治形勢日漸嚴峻的今天,非常有必要對CAB的現(xiàn)狀、在科研和防治工作中已經(jīng)起到了怎樣重要的作用、應(yīng)當(dāng)從哪些方面發(fā)揮作用、工作中應(yīng)注意哪些問題、參與的方式如何、參與者對應(yīng)有哪些,等一系列問題進行研究,將有助于CAB在我國的艾滋病科研和防治實踐中發(fā)揮更大的作用。 調(diào)查結(jié)果: 1.CAB組成:一般由10—20名成員組成,主要包括來自艾滋病研究項目現(xiàn)場的衛(wèi)生管理部門、婦女組織、感染者、現(xiàn)場社區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、社區(qū)醫(yī)務(wù)工作者等。一般來說,這些成員是由項目及當(dāng)?shù)丶膊☆A(yù)防控制中心根據(jù)項目的要求,選擇當(dāng)?shù)赝�、人們廣泛信任的人,再根據(jù)項目人群特點選擇,由項目人員最后確定。其主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)由當(dāng)?shù)丶膊☆A(yù)防控制中心或衛(wèi)生局負責(zé)人擔(dān)任。CAB管理及聯(lián)絡(luò)工作由疾病預(yù)防控制中心人員擔(dān)任。 2.CAB管理現(xiàn)狀:每個CAB有工作章程以及工作計劃。絕大部分的CAB工作會議召開沒有周期,大多根據(jù)項目進展而定。每次有80%的成員出席會議。在會議中,成員大多能表達自己的意見,但意見被接納程度各現(xiàn)場不同。會議場地及資金一般由當(dāng)?shù)谻DC提供。 3.CAB對工作職責(zé)執(zhí)行情況:CAB成員,作為項目研究人員和參與者之間的橋梁,在CAB在協(xié)助項目人員進行人員招募、知情同意、信息傳遞和協(xié)調(diào)研究者與參與者之間的關(guān)系方面起到了重要的作用。另外,CAB通過參與項目工作獲得的知識,在為特殊人群提供咨詢和培訓(xùn),提供政策宣傳方面也起到了一定的作用。 4.CAB的不足:目前,CAB經(jīng)費有限、大部分成員文化水平較低,進行的培訓(xùn)較少、以及CAB成員之間少有溝通和交流,這在一定程度上妨礙了他們的工作能動性,不利于項目及CAB工作長期持續(xù)的開展。 結(jié)論: 目前,中國現(xiàn)有的CAB,由于各項目目標人群及所在現(xiàn)場不同,CAB的成員組成也各不相同。由于每個項目本身對CAB需要的不同,給予的支持力度也各不相同。在實際工作中,成員最主要參與的工作有:協(xié)助項目進行人員招募,知情同意過程和信息反饋、項目工作宣傳等。廣西作為最早建立CAB的現(xiàn)場省,在CAB的管理和實際工作中積累了大量的經(jīng)驗。
[Abstract]:Research background:
AIDS has bio psycho social properties obviously. Therefore the research on AIDS prevention, and daily life are all related to all kinds of ethical issues, such as: social discrimination of AIDS patients and the drug test and research in informed consent, privacy and other issues. The appropriate treatment of these ethical issues will have to effectively solve the challenges of AIDS research and prevention.
Community Advisory Committee (CAB), as a bridge between researchers and the community, to ensure respect for the interests of the participants, community culture, community weigh the risks and benefits and other aspects play a very important role, in order to ensure AIDS research and prevention and control work smoothly has played a positive role in promoting.CAB as a a widely accepted and recognized the pattern of community participation in the international community, is more and more widely used in developed countries for scientific research and behavior intervention project and work. In recent years, with China's prevention and control work in depth, increasing international cooperation projects, in the prevention and control of AIDS in our country, more and more regions CAB, according to incomplete statistics, China has in Guangxi, Yunnan, Anhui, Shanxi and Xinjiang and other five provinces established by CAB. control center staff interview on the five disease prevention, CAB on China's AIDS The importance of the prevention and control of nourishing diseases and the involvement of the related research is becoming more and more important.
In the AIDS prevention and control situation in China is grim today, it is necessary to the present situation of CAB, the research and prevention work has played an important role, should from what role, what should be paid attention to in the work, how to participate in the way, what are the corresponding research participants, and a series of problems that will help the CAB in China's AIDS research and prevention practice plays a greater role.
The results of the survey:
1.CAB: general 10 to 20 members, including from the AIDS research site and health management departments, women's organizations, site infection, community leaders, community medical workers. In general, these is a member of a project and the local disease prevention and control center according to the requirements of the project, the choice of local high prestige, people widely believe, according to the project characteristics of population selection, finally determined by the project staff. Its main leadership by the local center for Disease Control and prevention or Health Bureau in charge of.CAB management and liaison work by the disease prevention and control center personnel.
2.CAB management status: each CAB has the rules of work and work plan. Most of the CAB work conference held no cycle, mostly according to the project progress. Each has 80% members attended the meeting. At the meeting, most of the members can express their opinions, but opinions are different. The acceptance degree of on-site Conference facilities and funds usually provided by the local CDC.
3.CAB on the implementation of job responsibilities: members of the CAB, as a bridge between researchers and participants in CAB, in assisting the project personnel recruitment, informed consent, information transmission and coordination between researchers and participants played an important role. In addition, CAB through participation in the project work to get knowledge to provide consultation and training for special populations, to provide policy publicity also played a certain role.
The shortage of 4.CAB: at present, CAB has limited funds, most members have low cultural level, less training, and few communication and communication between CAB members, which to a certain extent impedes their work initiative, and is not conducive to long-term and sustained development of CAB and projects.
Conclusion:
At present, China existing CAB, due to the project target population and the scene is different, CAB members are not the same. Because each item of CAB need different support efforts are also different. In practice, the majority of members involved in the work are: to assist the project for recruitment. The informed consent process and information feedback, the publicity work on the project. As the earliest established CAB site in Guangxi Province, in the management of CAB in practical work and accumulated a lot of experience.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：R184

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本文編號：1527106