本文關(guān)鍵詞： 粉螨 群落結(jié)構(gòu) 多樣性 季節(jié)消長(zhǎng) 腐食酪螨 相對(duì)濕度 存活　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 目的研究不同倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)環(huán)境中粉螨群落構(gòu)成、多樣性和相似性,并在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下通過溫度、濕度變化來控制倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)害螨優(yōu)勢(shì)種腐食酪螨成螨的存活,探討螨害防制方法。 方法在糧食、中藥材、飼料3類倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)物中采集粉螨樣本,采用水膜鏡檢法和電熱集螨法進(jìn)行粉螨的分離、鑒定及計(jì)數(shù),并通過Margalef指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)、Pielou指數(shù)、Simpson指數(shù)及Jaccard指數(shù)計(jì)算其物種豐富度、多樣性、均勻度、優(yōu)勢(shì)度及群落相似性。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下用多目的培養(yǎng)箱設(shè)置33個(gè)溫濕度處理,依此來控制倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)害螨優(yōu)勢(shì)種腐食酪螨成螨的存活,探討溫、濕度與其死亡率的關(guān)系。 結(jié)果對(duì)淮南地區(qū)不同倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)環(huán)境中孳生的粉螨群落展開調(diào)查,分離出粉螨8539只,隸屬于6科19屬,共26種。對(duì)3類倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)物粉螨群落結(jié)構(gòu)及多樣性分析表明:孳生粉螨物種數(shù)S為12～18,物種豐富度指數(shù)(Margalef指數(shù))R為1.353～2.224,多樣性指數(shù)(Shannon-Wiener指數(shù))H′為1.880～2.318,均勻度指數(shù)(Pielou指數(shù))J′為0.757～0.802,優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)(Simpson指數(shù))D為0.150～0.205,相似性指數(shù)(Jaccard指數(shù))為0.200～0.571。其中,糧食的物種數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)、多樣性指數(shù)和均勻度指數(shù)最高,中藥材的優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)最高。一年之中糧食中的粉螨物種Margalef指數(shù)R在0.241～2.446之間,Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)H′為0.463～2.323,Pielou指數(shù)J′為0.668～0.838,優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)(Simpson指數(shù))D為0.134～0.712。粉螨的物種數(shù)、豐富度指數(shù)及多樣性指數(shù)在時(shí)序上的分布較為一致,優(yōu)勢(shì)度指數(shù)恰與之相反,而物種均勻度則較不規(guī)則。在不同溫濕度條件下,溫度與腐食酪螨成螨的死亡率關(guān)系不顯著;但在適宜腐食酪螨正常存活的相對(duì)濕度條件下,濕度與其死亡率有顯著差異。 結(jié)論5～7月份粉螨孳生密度最高,不同倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)物中粉螨群落的結(jié)構(gòu)及多樣性差異較大,可能與其生態(tài)因子(溫度、濕度等)有關(guān),而其食性、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分及人類干擾也是較為重要的影響因素。在15～30℃溫度范圍內(nèi),實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件下控制腐食酪螨成螨存活時(shí)其環(huán)境的相對(duì)濕度控制在＜75.5%為宜;35℃溫度時(shí),相對(duì)濕度控制在≤83%為宜。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the composition, diversity and similarity of acaroid mites community in different storage environments, and to control the survival of acaroid mites by changing temperature and humidity under laboratory conditions. Methods of controlling mites were discussed. Methods the samples of acaroid mites were collected from grain, Chinese medicinal materials and feed. The acaroid mites were isolated, identified and counted by water film microscopy and electrothermal mite collection, and the Margalef index was used. Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index and Jaccard index were used to calculate species richness, diversity and evenness. Dominance and community similarity. 33 temperature and humidity treatments were set up in a multi-purpose incubator under laboratory conditions to control the survival of the dominant species of Tyrophus putrescens in storage and to explore the temperature. The relationship between humidity and mortality. Results A total of 8539 mites, belonging to 19 genera and 6 families, were isolated from the communities of acaroid mites in different storage environments in Huainan area. The community structure and diversity of three types of acaroid mites were analyzed. The results showed that the species number of acaroid mites was 12 ~ (18). The species richness index, Margalef index, is 1.353 and 2.224. The diversity index Shannon-Wiener index (H') is 1.880 (2.318) and the evenness index (J') (Pielou index (J')) is 0.757 (0.802). The dominance index, Simpson index, is 0.150 ~ 0.205, and the similarity index is 0.200 ~ 0.571.In which, the species number of grain is 0.200. The richness index, diversity index and evenness index were the highest, and the dominance index of Chinese medicinal materials was the highest. The Margalef index of acaroid mites in grain was between 0.241 and 2.446 in one year. The Shannon-Wiener index (H') is 0. 463 (2.323) and the Pielou index (J') is 0. 668 (0. 838). The dominant index, Simpson index, was 0.134 and 0.712.The species number, richness index and diversity index of acaroid mites were consistent in time series. The dominance index was the opposite, but the species evenness was irregular. Under different temperature and humidity, there was no significant relationship between temperature and mortality. However, under the condition of relative humidity, which is suitable for the normal survival of typhus putrescens, there is a significant difference between the humidity and its mortality. Conclusion the density of acaroid mites was the highest in May and July, and the structure and diversity of acaroid mites community were different in different storage materials, which may be related to its ecological factors (temperature, humidity, etc.), but its feeding habits. The nutrient composition and human disturbance are also important factors in the storage matter, which is in the temperature range of 1530 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1492014