陜西地區(qū)出土6000年來人下頜骨后段形態(tài)演化的研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-28 13:40
【摘要】：材料：本研究材料選取分為6組： 陜西地區(qū)出土6000年前人組下頜骨，西安地區(qū)出土新石器時代遺址，現(xiàn)存于半坡歷史博物館，83例； 陜西地區(qū)出土4000年前人組下頜骨，陜西商洛地區(qū)出土夏代古墓遺址，現(xiàn)存于西北大學文化遺產學院，5例； 陜西地區(qū)出土3000年前人組下頜骨，西安少陵園出土西周時代家族墓遺址，現(xiàn)存于陜西考古研究院，8例； 陜西地區(qū)出土2000年前人組下頜骨，陜西關中東部地區(qū)出土戰(zhàn)國中晚期至秦末時期的秦墓葬區(qū)遺址，現(xiàn)存于西北大學文化遺產學院，49例； 陜西地區(qū)出土1000年前人組下頜骨，西安長安區(qū)出土唐代居民墓葬遺址，現(xiàn)存于陜西考古研究院，9例； 陜西地區(qū)現(xiàn)代人組下頜骨，陜西現(xiàn)代人下頜骨標本，存于第四軍醫(yī)大學解剖教研室，50例。 目的：本研究報告了陜西地區(qū)6000年來不同年代人組下頜骨后段測量數(shù)據、下頜骨后段磨牙萌出情況和下頜小舌形態(tài)數(shù)據，探討了陜西地區(qū)6000年來人下頜骨后段的形態(tài)演化趨勢、第三磨牙萌出情況影響因素、下頜小舌形態(tài)演化趨勢，為體質人類學及系統(tǒng)的研究人顱頜面形態(tài)的演化積累數(shù)據資料。 方法：參照邵象清編著的《人體測量手冊》及朱泓編著的新版《體質人類學》所描述的方法和標準，由同一名在日光環(huán)境下對6組下頜骨標本分批進行觀察、測量，觀察項目認真記錄，測量項目測量兩次取平均值，若誤差大于0.5mm或角度誤差大于1。則重新測量。 結果：不同年代人組下頜骨后段測量數(shù)據顯示：隨著年代由遠及近，，下頜骨后段厚度趨向變薄、長度趨向變小、角度趨向增大。在不同年代間，下頜骨后段各個性狀的表現(xiàn)特點和變化幅度不同。 不同年代人組以第三磨牙萌出情況分組的下頜骨后段形態(tài)研究顯示：正位萌出組的下頜斜長和第二磨牙后間隙大于異位萌出組、阻生組、缺失組。 不同年代人組下頜小舌形態(tài)研究顯示：6000年人組中結節(jié)型所占比例最大，2000年人組中三角型、平角型、結節(jié)型所占比例相當，現(xiàn)代人組中三角型所占比例最大。 報告了不同年代人組小樣本下頜骨后段形態(tài)測量數(shù)據、磨牙萌出數(shù)據、下頜小舌形態(tài)數(shù)據。 結論：下頜骨后段的形態(tài)研究顯示：隨著年代由遠及近，下頜骨厚度變薄、長度變小、角度增大，整體骨量變小，其中第二磨牙后間隙減小幅度較大。 下頜骨后段磨牙正位萌出情況比例隨時間變化趨于減小，異常萌出情況（異位萌出、阻生、缺失）比例趨于增大；下頜骨長度測量性狀與下頜第三磨牙萌出情況關系密切。 下頜小舌形態(tài)隨時間變化有向三角型的演化趨勢。
[Abstract]:Materials: this study was divided into 6 groups: the mandible of the human group unearthed 6000 years ago in Shaanxi and the Neolithic site unearthed in Xi'an, 83 cases were found in the Banpo History Museum. The human mandible was unearthed 4000 years ago in Shaanxi Province, and the ancient tomb site of Xia Dynasty was unearthed in Shangluo area, Shaanxi Province. 5 cases were found in the School of Cultural Heritage of Northwestern University. The human mandible was unearthed 3000 years ago in Shaanxi area, and the family tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty were unearthed at the Shaojingyuan Garden in Xi'an. 8 cases were found in Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute. The human mandible was unearthed in Shaanxi area before 2000 and the ruins of Qin tombs unearthed in the eastern part of Guanzhong Shaanxi from mid-late warring States period to the end of Qin Dynasty were found in the School of Cultural Heritage of Northwestern University. 49 cases were unearthed at the School of Cultural Heritage of Northwestern University. The human mandible was unearthed 1000 years ago in Shaanxi area, and the tombs of residents of Tang Dynasty were unearthed in Chang'an District of Xi'an. 9 cases were found in Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute. The mandible of the group of modern people in Shaanxi area and the specimens of mandible of modern people in Shaanxi province were stored in the Department of Anatomy of the fourth military Medical University (n = 50). Objective: to report the measurement data of the posterior mandibular segment, the eruption of molars in the posterior part of the mandible and the morphological data of the mandibular small tongue in the past 6000 years in Shaanxi area, and to discuss the morphological evolution trend of the posterior segment of the mandible in the past 6000 years in Shaanxi area. The factors influencing the eruption of the third molar and the morphological evolution trend of the mandibular tongue accumulate data for the physical anthropology and systematic study of the evolution of the morphology of the cranio-maxillofacial region. Methods: referring to the methods and standards described in the Manual of anthropometry edited by Shao Xiangqing and the new edition of physical Anthropology edited by Zhu Hong, six groups of mandible specimens were observed and measured in batches under the same sun environment. The observation items are carefully recorded, and the measurement items are averaged twice, if the error is greater than 0.5mm or the angle error is greater than 1. Then re-measure. Results: the measured data of the posterior segment of the mandible in different ages showed that the thickness of the posterior segment of the mandible tended to thin, the length of the mandible tended to decrease and the angle of the mandible tended to increase with the age from far to near. In different years, the performance characteristics and variation range of each character in the posterior segment of mandible were different. The mandibular posterior segment morphology of the third molar eruption group in different ages showed that the mandibular oblique length and posterior space of the second molar in the orthodontic eruption group were larger than those in the ectopic eruption group, impaction group, and missing group, and that in the orthodontic eruption group, the mandibular oblique length and the second molar posterior space were larger than those in the ectopic eruption group. The morphological study of mandibular tongue in different years showed that the proportion of nodular type in human group was the largest in 6000 years, in 2000, the proportion of triangular type, flat angle type and nodular type was equal, and the proportion of triangular type in modern group was the largest. The data of mandibular posterior segment shape measurement, molar eruption data and mandibular tongue morphology data of small samples of human group in different ages were reported. Conclusion: the morphological study of the posterior segment of the mandible shows that the thickness of the mandible becomes thinner, the length of the mandible becomes thinner, the angle increases, and the overall bone mass decreases, and the posterior space of the second molar decreases greatly as the age changes from the distance to the proximal part of the mandible. The ratio of orthodontic eruption of mandibular posterior molars tended to decrease with time, and the proportion of abnormal eruption (ectopic eruption, impaction and deletion) tended to increase, and the length of mandible was closely related to the eruption of mandibular third molar. The shape of the mandible tongue changes with time and tends to be triangular.
【學位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R782
本文編號：2467681
[Abstract]:Materials: this study was divided into 6 groups: the mandible of the human group unearthed 6000 years ago in Shaanxi and the Neolithic site unearthed in Xi'an, 83 cases were found in the Banpo History Museum. The human mandible was unearthed 4000 years ago in Shaanxi Province, and the ancient tomb site of Xia Dynasty was unearthed in Shangluo area, Shaanxi Province. 5 cases were found in the School of Cultural Heritage of Northwestern University. The human mandible was unearthed 3000 years ago in Shaanxi area, and the family tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty were unearthed at the Shaojingyuan Garden in Xi'an. 8 cases were found in Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute. The human mandible was unearthed in Shaanxi area before 2000 and the ruins of Qin tombs unearthed in the eastern part of Guanzhong Shaanxi from mid-late warring States period to the end of Qin Dynasty were found in the School of Cultural Heritage of Northwestern University. 49 cases were unearthed at the School of Cultural Heritage of Northwestern University. The human mandible was unearthed 1000 years ago in Shaanxi area, and the tombs of residents of Tang Dynasty were unearthed in Chang'an District of Xi'an. 9 cases were found in Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute. The mandible of the group of modern people in Shaanxi area and the specimens of mandible of modern people in Shaanxi province were stored in the Department of Anatomy of the fourth military Medical University (n = 50). Objective: to report the measurement data of the posterior mandibular segment, the eruption of molars in the posterior part of the mandible and the morphological data of the mandibular small tongue in the past 6000 years in Shaanxi area, and to discuss the morphological evolution trend of the posterior segment of the mandible in the past 6000 years in Shaanxi area. The factors influencing the eruption of the third molar and the morphological evolution trend of the mandibular tongue accumulate data for the physical anthropology and systematic study of the evolution of the morphology of the cranio-maxillofacial region. Methods: referring to the methods and standards described in the Manual of anthropometry edited by Shao Xiangqing and the new edition of physical Anthropology edited by Zhu Hong, six groups of mandible specimens were observed and measured in batches under the same sun environment. The observation items are carefully recorded, and the measurement items are averaged twice, if the error is greater than 0.5mm or the angle error is greater than 1. Then re-measure. Results: the measured data of the posterior segment of the mandible in different ages showed that the thickness of the posterior segment of the mandible tended to thin, the length of the mandible tended to decrease and the angle of the mandible tended to increase with the age from far to near. In different years, the performance characteristics and variation range of each character in the posterior segment of mandible were different. The mandibular posterior segment morphology of the third molar eruption group in different ages showed that the mandibular oblique length and posterior space of the second molar in the orthodontic eruption group were larger than those in the ectopic eruption group, impaction group, and missing group, and that in the orthodontic eruption group, the mandibular oblique length and the second molar posterior space were larger than those in the ectopic eruption group. The morphological study of mandibular tongue in different years showed that the proportion of nodular type in human group was the largest in 6000 years, in 2000, the proportion of triangular type, flat angle type and nodular type was equal, and the proportion of triangular type in modern group was the largest. The data of mandibular posterior segment shape measurement, molar eruption data and mandibular tongue morphology data of small samples of human group in different ages were reported. Conclusion: the morphological study of the posterior segment of the mandible shows that the thickness of the mandible becomes thinner, the length of the mandible becomes thinner, the angle increases, and the overall bone mass decreases, and the posterior space of the second molar decreases greatly as the age changes from the distance to the proximal part of the mandible. The ratio of orthodontic eruption of mandibular posterior molars tended to decrease with time, and the proportion of abnormal eruption (ectopic eruption, impaction and deletion) tended to increase, and the length of mandible was closely related to the eruption of mandibular third molar. The shape of the mandible tongue changes with time and tends to be triangular.
【學位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R782
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