【摘要】：目的:調(diào)查北京地區(qū)3~6歲兒童母乳喂養(yǎng)和奶瓶喂養(yǎng)的持續(xù)時間以及口腔不良習(xí)慣與乳牙列牙合特征的關(guān)聯(lián)。方法:采用橫斷面研究,檢查北京市3所幼兒園734名兒童的牙合特征;并使用調(diào)查問卷收集兒童的喂養(yǎng)方式和口腔不良習(xí)慣資料。牙合特征由經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化訓(xùn)練的兒童口腔科醫(yī)師檢查,檢查內(nèi)容包括:是否存在深覆牙合、開牙合、前牙反牙合、后牙反牙合、深覆蓋、牙列擁擠、生理間隙、尖牙關(guān)系以及第二乳磨牙的末端平面類型。喂養(yǎng)方式和口腔不良習(xí)慣與牙合特征的關(guān)聯(lián)用單因素分析和多因素回歸分析進行統(tǒng)計。結(jié)果:母乳喂養(yǎng)持續(xù)時間未超過6個月(≤6個月)增加乳牙列后牙反牙合以及上頜牙弓無間隙的風(fēng)險,增加使用安慰奶嘴習(xí)慣和咬物習(xí)慣的風(fēng)險;奶瓶喂養(yǎng)大于18個月增加形成非近中型末端平面以及Ⅱ類尖牙關(guān)系的風(fēng)險;安慰奶嘴習(xí)慣增加乳牙列深覆蓋及無下頜發(fā)育間隙的風(fēng)險;吮指習(xí)慣增加前牙開牙合的風(fēng)險;吐舌習(xí)慣增加前牙開牙合及后牙反牙合的風(fēng)險。結(jié)論:母乳喂養(yǎng)持續(xù)時間長于6個月可減少錯牙合的風(fēng)險以及形成口腔不良習(xí)慣的風(fēng)險,口腔不良習(xí)慣與乳牙列錯牙合的發(fā)生呈正相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the relationship between breast feeding and bottle feeding, oral bad habits and the characteristics of primary dentition in children aged 3 to 6 years old in Beijing. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the occlusal characteristics of 734 children in 3 kindergartens in Beijing, and the data of feeding style and oral bad habits were collected by questionnaire. The occlusal features were examined by a standardized pediatric stomatologist. The findings included: existence of deep overbite, open occlusion, anterior reverse occlusion, posterior reverse occlusion, deep overlay, overcrowded dentition, and physiological space. Canine relationships and terminal plane types of second primary molars. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the association between feeding style and oral bad habits and occlusal characteristics. Results: the duration of breast-feeding was less than 6 months (鈮，

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