本文選題：車(chē)禍傷 + 顱底骨折�。� 參考：《中國(guó)人民解放軍醫(yī)學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：一、研究目的：本研究旨在模擬車(chē)禍傷中頭顱受外力沖擊下，顱底骨折的形成機(jī)制，明確受力大小、部位與顱底骨折之間的聯(lián)系。二、研究方法:利用建立的包含下頜骨的顱底三維有限元模型，在ansys13.0軟件的workbench中進(jìn)行分析求解。首先，約束雙側(cè)枕髁，額部正中加力水平向后，分別以100N、200N、300N、400N的力加載，完成分析求解，得到位移及等效應(yīng)力云圖等；以同樣的方法約束顱骨頂部，枕髁向上垂直加力400N、800N、1200N及約束雙側(cè)枕髁，下頜骨正中水平0°、40°、50°、60°加力200N、300N、400N，分別得到與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的位移及等效應(yīng)力圖等。三、研究結(jié)果:額部正中水平加力至300N及400N時(shí)，顱前窩出現(xiàn)明顯的位移，其骨的形變量約在1mm左右，骨折可能性大；在顱后窩形成明顯的應(yīng)力集中區(qū)，400N時(shí)，顱后窩的等效應(yīng)力超過(guò)屈服強(qiáng)度，出現(xiàn)骨折,顱中窩未見(jiàn)應(yīng)力等高區(qū)，骨折可能性不大；枕髁垂直加力過(guò)程中，在顱后窩出現(xiàn)明顯的應(yīng)力集中區(qū)，但等效應(yīng)力均未超過(guò)骨的屈服強(qiáng)度；下頜骨水平加力過(guò)程中，加載力在顱中窩出現(xiàn)明顯的應(yīng)力集中及位移，雖然加載角度不同，但300N及400N加載力，都使顱中窩的位移及等效應(yīng)力超過(guò)骨的屈服強(qiáng)度，出現(xiàn)骨折；且隨著加載力的逐漸增大，，顱后窩的應(yīng)力集中趨勢(shì)明顯，400N時(shí)顱后窩發(fā)生骨折可能性大。四、結(jié)論：車(chē)禍傷發(fā)生過(guò)程中，額部及下頜骨所受到的撞擊力都能傳導(dǎo)至顱底，并可引起相應(yīng)部位的骨折。額部受力時(shí)，顱前窩骨折為受力區(qū)骨折延伸至顱底所致，顱后窩骨折發(fā)生的機(jī)制更趨向于應(yīng)力集中導(dǎo)致的；下頜骨受力過(guò)程中，在合適角度下，應(yīng)力沿下頜升支向后上傳導(dǎo)至顱底，導(dǎo)致顱中窩骨折，并在顱后窩形成應(yīng)力集中區(qū)，受力達(dá)到400N時(shí)，顱后窩可出現(xiàn)骨折。
[Abstract]:Objective: the purpose of this study was to simulate the formation mechanism of skull base fracture under the impact of external force on the skull in traffic accident injury, and to determine the relationship between the force size, the position and the skull base fracture. Second, research method: using the established three-dimensional finite element model of skull base including mandible, it is analyzed and solved in workbench of ansys13.0 software. First, the bilateral occipital condyle is restrained, the frontal part is loaded horizontally with a force of 300Nb 400N, and the displacement and equivalent stress cloud diagram is obtained by using the same method to restrain the top of the skull. The occipital condyle was subjected to a vertical force of 400Nm 800Nm 1200N and a bilateral condyle of occipital condyle, and the median mandibular level was 0 擄(40 擄), 50 擄(50 擄) and 60 擄(200Nm). The corresponding displacement and isotherm effect were obtained. 3. The results showed that the anterior fossa had obvious displacement when the middle frontal part was applied to 300N and 400N, the deformation of the bone was about 1mm, the possibility of fracture was high, and when the stress concentration area formed in the posterior fossa was 400N, The equivalent stress of the posterior cranial fossa exceeds the yield strength, the fracture occurs, the middle cranial fossa has no high area of stress and so on, the fracture is unlikely, and the stress concentration area appears obviously in the posterior cranial fossa during the vertical loading of the occipital condyle. But the equivalent stress did not exceed the yield strength of the bone, and the stress concentration and displacement appeared in the middle cranial fossa during the horizontal loading of the mandible, although the loading angles were different, the loading forces of 300N and 400N were different. The displacement and equivalent stress of the middle cranial fossa exceeded the yield strength of the bone and the fracture occurred, and with the increasing of the loading force, the stress concentration tendency of the posterior fossa was obviously higher than 400 N. Conclusion: the impact force on the frontal and mandibular bones can be transmitted to the skull base during the course of the accident, and can cause the fracture of the corresponding site. The fracture of the anterior cranial fossa is caused by the extension of the fracture of the anterior cranial fossa to the base of the skull, and the mechanism of the fracture of the posterior fossa tends to be caused by the stress concentration. The stress was transmitted to the base of the skull along the ascending branch of the mandible, resulting in the fracture of the middle cranial fossa, and the stress concentration area was formed in the posterior fossa. When the stress reached 400N, the fracture could occur in the posterior fossa.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)人民解放軍醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R782

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