本文選題：孤兒 + 口腔健康��； 參考：《重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：背景孤兒是指失去因父母死亡或是父母沒有能力撫養(yǎng)其長大而失去父母照顧的0-18歲未成年人。在亞洲，共有孤兒5700多萬人，占總兒童人口數(shù)的5.8%。至2011年，中國孤兒數(shù)量有50.9萬。重慶地區(qū)內(nèi)孤兒總數(shù)為10080人，其中在福利機(jī)構(gòu)集中供養(yǎng)1699人，占孤兒總數(shù)的16.8%。 口腔健康是全身健康的一個重要組成部分。近十多年來，在口腔、衛(wèi)生等專業(yè)人員的共同努力下，在口腔疾病防治方面做了大量工作，我國的口腔衛(wèi)生保健事業(yè)取得了長足的進(jìn)步。但對于孤兒，因其居住環(huán)境擁擠、缺乏足夠的工作人員、孤兒周圍缺乏足夠的口腔保健宣傳、孤兒自身口腔習(xí)慣不良、口腔衛(wèi)生不佳、對口腔健康的重視程度低，齲病、牙齦炎發(fā)病率高，又因經(jīng)濟(jì)條件等客觀因素的限制，孤兒口腔科就醫(yī)率低，口腔疾病成為影響孤兒健康的一個重要問題。 口腔綜合干預(yù)，能有效改善孤兒口腔衛(wèi)生狀況，提高孤兒口腔健康水平。 目前，國內(nèi)外關(guān)于孤兒這一弱勢群體的口腔健康狀況的研究相對較少，在國內(nèi)尤其欠缺，因此，初步掌握我國孤兒口腔健康狀況，為制定適宜的孤兒口腔保健計劃提供一定的依據(jù)顯得尤為重要。 目的本研究采用簡單隨機(jī)抽樣的方法，通過口腔健康檢查及問卷調(diào)查，初步掌握重慶市孤兒口腔健康現(xiàn)狀、口腔健康行為及流行趨勢，同時實(shí)施口腔疾病綜合干預(yù)，并進(jìn)行效果評估，為制定適宜的孤兒口腔保健計劃提供一定的依據(jù)。 方法采用簡單隨機(jī)抽樣的方法抽取重慶市兒童愛心莊園孤兒為調(diào)查對象，依照WHO口腔健康調(diào)查基本方法（第4版，1997）與全國第三次口腔流行病學(xué)調(diào)查方法（2005）對該福利院現(xiàn)居住317名孤兒進(jìn)行口腔健康檢查，記錄齲齒、牙齦出血和牙結(jié)石情況；對能獨(dú)立完成（或在口腔醫(yī)師的協(xié)助下能獨(dú)立完成）調(diào)查問卷的孤兒進(jìn)行口腔健康知識及口腔保健行為調(diào)查。同時采取口腔綜合干預(yù)措施包括口腔健康宣教、局部用氟、窩溝封閉、早期恒牙齲齒充填等，并對其效果進(jìn)行評估。采用SPSS17.0軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。 結(jié)果1.重慶市孤兒乳牙齲失補(bǔ)率及齲均分別為50.00%，1.94，男女之間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。恒牙齲失補(bǔ)率及齲失補(bǔ)均分別為39.53%，0.90，男女之間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。恒牙齲失補(bǔ)率12歲及以下年齡組與12歲以上年齡組間差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05），齲失補(bǔ)均兩組之間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。齲齒充填率為零。牙齦出血檢出率78.22%，不同性別及不同年齡組間差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05）。牙結(jié)石檢出率67.66%，不同性別間差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P0.05），12歲及以下年齡組小于12歲以上年齡組，差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義（P＜0.05）。 2.孤兒對口腔健康知識知曉率52.80%，正確口腔衛(wèi)生行為報告率為32.36%，進(jìn)食餅干、蛋糕、糖果、碳酸飲料、果汁等含糖食品頻率≤每周1次的報告率均接近或大于70%。孤兒牙科就診行為報告率較低，僅有14.53%兒童曾看過牙醫(yī)。 3.實(shí)施口腔綜合干預(yù)措施后孤兒口腔健康水平有明顯提高。乳牙齲病發(fā)病率為1.85%，恒牙為1.38%。恒牙齲齒充填率為48.89%。恒牙齲齒均值（DT）明顯降低（P＜0.05），齲補(bǔ)均值（FT）明顯升高（P＜0.05）。健康教育后孤兒口腔健康知識知曉率提高了36.59%，正確口腔衛(wèi)生行為報告率增加了55.57%。 結(jié)論重慶市孤兒口腔健康不佳，牙科服務(wù)利用率極低，口腔治療需求較大，口腔健康知識知曉情況一般，衛(wèi)生保健習(xí)慣不佳；口腔綜合干預(yù)能有效提高孤兒口腔健康知識知曉情況，促進(jìn)孤兒形成良好的口腔衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣，提高孤兒口腔健康水平。在今后的工作中，對于孤兒的口腔健康我們應(yīng)給予更多的關(guān)注，，應(yīng)將孤兒納入口腔健康預(yù)防保健的重點(diǎn)人群之列。
[Abstract]:Background orphans are 0-18 year old minors who have lost their parents' death because of their parents' death or their parents' inability to raise their parents. In Asia, there are about 57000000 orphans, accounting for 509 thousand of the total number of orphans in China from 5.8%. to 2011. The total number of orphans in the Chongqing region is 10080, of which the welfare institutions are concentrated. 1699 people, accounting for 16.8%. of the total orphans
Oral health is an important part of the health of the whole body. In the past more than 10 years, a lot of work has been done in the prevention and control of oral diseases in the joint efforts of the oral and health professionals. The cause of oral health care in our country has made great progress. But for the orphans, the lack of enough staff and the lack of staff because of their crowded living environment. The lack of adequate oral health publicity around children, poor oral habits of orphans themselves, poor oral hygiene, low attention to oral health, high incidence of dental caries, gingivitis, and economic conditions and other objective factors, the low rate of medical treatment in orphan Department of Stomatology, oral disease has become an important issue affecting the health of orphans.
Comprehensive oral intervention can effectively improve the oral health status of orphans and improve the oral health level of orphans.
At present, there are relatively few studies on the oral health status of the orphans at home and abroad, especially in the country. Therefore, it is very important to grasp the oral health status of the orphans in our country and provide a certain basis for the formulation of the appropriate orphan oral health care plan.
Objective to investigate the oral health status, oral health behavior and epidemic trend of orphans in Chongqing by oral health examination and questionnaire survey by simple random sampling, and to carry out comprehensive intervention of oral diseases and evaluate the effect of oral health, and to provide a certain basis for the formulation of appropriate orphan oral health care plan.
Methods a simple random sampling method was used to investigate the orphans in Chongqing children's love manor gardens. According to the basic methods of WHO oral health survey (Fourth Edition, 1997) and the third national oral epidemiological survey methods (2005), 317 orphans living in the welfare hospital were examined for oral health, and the dental caries, gingival bleeding and dental calculus were recorded. Investigation of oral health knowledge and oral health care behavior for orphans who were able to complete the questionnaire independently (or with the assistance of the dentist independent). The oral health intervention measures including oral health education, local fluorine, pit and fissure sealing, and early constant dental caries filling were taken, and the effect was evaluated by SPS. The S17.0 software carries out statistical analysis of the data.
Results 1. in Chongqing, the rate of dental caries and caries were 50% and 1.94, respectively, and there was no significant difference between men and women (P0.05). The loss rate of dental caries and dental caries were 39.53% and 0.90, respectively, and there was no significant difference between men and women (P0.05). The difference between the age group of the permanent tooth decay and the age group of 12 years and below and the age group over 12 years old was statistically significant. Significance (P0.05), the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. The rate of dental caries filling was zero. The detection rate of gingival bleeding was 78.22%, there was no significant difference between different sex and age groups (P0.05). The detection rate of dental calculus was 67.66%, there was no statistical difference between different sexes (P0.05), and the age group of 12 years old and below was less than 12 years of age. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
The rate of oral health knowledge was 52.80% in 2. orphans. The rate of correct oral health behavior was 32.36%. The rate of eating biscuits, cake, candy, carbonated beverage, juice and so on was less than 1 times a week or more than 70%. orphans, and only 14.53% children had seen dentists.
3. the oral health level of the orphans was obviously improved after the oral comprehensive intervention. The incidence of decayed tooth caries was 1.85%, the average dental caries filling rate of the permanent teeth (DT) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) and the mean value of dental caries (FT) was significantly higher (P < 0.05). The awareness rate of oral health knowledge of orphans was increased by 36.59% after health education. The rate of correct oral hygiene behavior increased by 55.57%.
Conclusion the oral health of orphans in Chongqing is poor, the utilization rate of dental service is very low, the need of oral treatment is great, the knowledge of oral health is general, and the habit of health care is not good. The comprehensive oral intervention can effectively improve the knowledge of oral health knowledge of orphans, promote the orphans to form good oral hygiene habits, and improve the oral health of orphans. In the future work, we should pay more attention to the oral health of the orphans. The orphans should be included in the key population of oral health prevention and health care.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R780.1

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