【摘要】：雙重加工模型認(rèn)為,藥物依賴者的行為是沖動(dòng)性系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)共同作用的結(jié)果。現(xiàn)有的藥物依賴研究幾乎均是在單一的維度上割裂地考察這兩個(gè)系統(tǒng),根據(jù)其結(jié)果難以全面理解藥物依賴行為的認(rèn)知機(jī)制,不利于戒除治療實(shí)踐的開(kāi)展,也阻礙了雙重加工模型自身的發(fā)展。鑒于海洛因依賴行為的典型性及其長(zhǎng)期戒除的高難度性,本研究以海洛因戒除者為對(duì)象,采用線索暴露與執(zhí)行功能經(jīng)典實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)相結(jié)合的研究思路,分別考察戒除者在暴露于海洛因相關(guān)線索和負(fù)性情緒線索條件下執(zhí)行功能的動(dòng)態(tài)變化特性。本研究對(duì)于綜合分析沖動(dòng)性系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)在藥物濫用及復(fù)吸行為中的相對(duì)作用及其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,構(gòu)建全面理解藥物濫用及復(fù)吸行為的整合性理論模型具有重要的理論意義。同時(shí),也為評(píng)估現(xiàn)有預(yù)防藥物依賴及復(fù)吸行為措施的有效性,發(fā)展更具針對(duì)性的戒除治療方案,推動(dòng)毒癮戒除實(shí)踐和臨床心理矯治及預(yù)防工作的有效開(kāi)展具有實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)意義。 本研究通過(guò)六個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),系統(tǒng)考察了在海洛因相關(guān)線索與負(fù)性情緒線索啟動(dòng)條件下,海洛因戒除者的抑制、轉(zhuǎn)換和刷新等三個(gè)方面的執(zhí)行功能的動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征,研究得到以下主要結(jié)論： (1)海洛因相關(guān)線索啟動(dòng)削弱了海洛因戒除者反應(yīng)抑制和沖突抑制功能的發(fā)揮效力,且對(duì)一般認(rèn)知能力也有影響； (2)海洛因相關(guān)線索啟動(dòng)使得海洛因戒除者在不同任務(wù)間轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所付出的代價(jià)更大,說(shuō)明該類線索啟動(dòng)削弱了戒除者任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換能力的有效發(fā)揮； (3)海洛因相關(guān)線索啟動(dòng)加劇了海洛因戒除者工作記憶刷新能力的缺損； (4)負(fù)性情緒線索啟動(dòng)破壞了海洛因戒除者的反應(yīng)抑制和沖突抑制功能； (5)負(fù)性情緒線索啟動(dòng)削弱了海洛因戒除者任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換能力的發(fā)揮效力； (6)負(fù)性情緒線索啟動(dòng)加劇了海洛因戒除者工作記憶刷新能力的缺損。
[Abstract]:The dual processing model suggests that the behavior of drug addicts is the result of the interaction of impulsive and control systems. Most of the existing drug dependence studies examine these two systems in a single dimension. According to the results, it is difficult to fully understand the cognitive mechanism of drug dependence behavior, which is not conducive to the development of the practice of abstinence treatment. It also hinders the development of dual processing model itself. In view of the typical behavior of heroin dependence and the high difficulty of long-term abstinence, this study takes heroin abstinence as the object, and combines the clue exposure with the classical experimental task of performing function. The dynamic characteristics of executive function of abstinents exposed to heroin related cues and negative emotional cues were investigated. This study is of great theoretical significance for comprehensive analysis of the relative role of impulsive systems and control systems in drug abuse and relapse behavior and their internal relations, and for the establishment of an integrated theoretical model for the comprehensive understanding of drug abuse and relapse behaviors. At the same time, it is of practical significance to evaluate the effectiveness of existing preventive drug dependence and relapse behavior measures, to develop more targeted abstinence treatment programs, and to promote the practice of drug addiction withdrawal, clinical psychological correction and prevention. Through six experiments, the dynamic characteristics of executive functions of heroin abstinents in three aspects, namely inhibition, conversion and refresh, were systematically investigated under the conditions of heroin related cues and negative emotional cues. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the activation of heroin related clues weakens the effectiveness of response inhibition and conflict inhibition in heroin abstinents, and also has an effect on general cognitive ability; (2) the initiation of heroin related clues makes heroin abstinents pay more cost when switching between different tasks, which indicates that the initiation of heroin cues weakens the effective exertion of abstinence's ability to change tasks; (3) the activation of heroin related clues aggravated the defect of working memory refresh ability of heroin abstinents, (4) negative emotional cues damaged the reaction inhibition and conflict inhibition function of heroin abstinents. (5) the activation of negative emotional cues weakens the ability of task switching of heroin abstinents, and (6) the activation of negative emotional cues exacerbates the impairment of working memory refresh ability of heroin abstinents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：B842.6;R749.64

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本文編號(hào)：2352899