【摘要】：述情障礙（alexithymia）的概念最早是由Sifnoes等人于1972年提出的，主要用于指稱精神病性患者的一類臨床癥狀的表現(xiàn)，即：難以識別情緒；難以在軀體感覺和情緒之間做出區(qū)分；難以向他人描述情感；想象活動或白日夢減少；外向性的思維方式，缺乏對內(nèi)心世界的關(guān)注，拘泥于外界事物的細(xì)枝末節(jié)(Taylor Bagby, 2000)。從本質(zhì)上，述情障礙既是一種多維的人格結(jié)構(gòu)，又是許多精神障礙共同擁有的一種風(fēng)險因素，使個體易于罹患心身疾病、神經(jīng)癥、藥物濫用、PTSD等病癥，并降低其臨床療效。故逐漸受到來自精神病學(xué)和心理學(xué)等領(lǐng)域研究者的廣泛關(guān)注。由于述情障礙在各類人群中都有相當(dāng)比例的存在，因此有研究者將它的臨床表現(xiàn)看作是我們的時代人格的一個組成部分。當(dāng)前的國內(nèi)外研究已經(jīng)從言語、非言語、腦影像學(xué)、記憶、stroop效應(yīng)等方面證實了述情障礙者在情緒加工上的障礙。Olivier Lumineta（2006）和他的同事通過使用情緒啟動范式來檢驗述情障礙可能擾亂情感信息的自動加工。具體來說，情感啟動效應(yīng)會根據(jù)被試述情障礙的得分變小，反應(yīng)出在情感信息自動加工上的全面的缺陷。在實驗中OlivierLumineta通過分別使用詞語和面孔作為啟動刺激，對詞語的效價進(jìn)行判斷，發(fā)現(xiàn)述情障礙在生氣面孔的啟動中有顯著的慢化作用，證明了述情障礙者在情緒信息自動加工上的缺陷。根據(jù)這個研究，我國學(xué)者蟻金瑤（2007）使用積極、消極和中性圖片為材料，使用閾上和閾下的情緒啟動范式研究高述情障礙者的情緒啟動效應(yīng)特征，發(fā)現(xiàn)在閾下啟動任務(wù)中，述情障礙組與非述情障礙組在正確率和平均反應(yīng)時上均無顯著性差異；在閾上啟動任務(wù)中，述情障礙組的平均反應(yīng)時顯著長于非述情障礙組。也就是說在無意識水平，述情障礙者對情緒刺激的自動加工不存在缺陷，而對意識到的情緒刺激的自動加工存在明顯缺陷。本研究主要通過高低述情障礙者對不同類型的情緒信息的自動加工上的差異，來研究高述情障礙者與非述情障礙者相比在自動加工上的缺陷及其特點。 本研究分為三個實驗，，實驗一主要研究高、低述情障礙組被試在言語（詞語）信息的情緒自動加工的特征；實驗而主要研究高、低述情障礙組被試在非言語（圖片）信息的情緒自動加工的特征；實驗三主要研究高、低述情障礙組被試在面孔表情信息的情緒自動加工的特征。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)： 1、述情障礙者對言語、非言語和面孔信息的情緒的識別存在全面的缺陷； 2、述情障礙者對言語信息的情緒自動加工存在完全的缺陷，而當(dāng)啟動項類型為圖片和面孔時，存在一定的情緒自動加工能力； 3、不同目標(biāo)項類型的情緒信息識別困難不一樣。圖片信息的情緒識別困難要高于詞語和面孔，由難到易依次是圖片、面孔、詞語； 4、啟動效應(yīng)的出現(xiàn)與啟動項和目標(biāo)項的效價決定，而與類型無關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The concept of alexithymia (alexithymia) was first put forward by Sifnoes et al in 1972. It is mainly used to refer to the manifestation of clinical symptoms of psychotic patients, that is, it is difficult to distinguish emotion, to distinguish between somatosensory and emotional, and to distinguish between body sensation and emotion. It is difficult to describe emotions to others; imaginative activities or daydreams are reduced; extroverted ways of thinking, lack of attention to the inner world, stuck to the details of external things (Taylor Bagby, 2000). In essence, alexithymia is not only a multidimensional personality structure, but also a risk factor shared by many mental disorders, which makes individuals prone to psychosomatic diseases, neurosis, drug abuse, PTSD and other diseases, and reduces its clinical efficacy. As a result, researchers from psychiatry and psychology have paid more and more attention to it. Alexithymia exists in a large proportion of people, so some researchers regard it as a part of personality in our time. Current domestic and foreign studies have been conducted from verbal, non-verbal, brain imaging, memory, Stroop effect and other aspects confirmed that alexithymia disorder. Olivier Lumineta (2006) and his colleagues used emotional priming paradigm to test alexithymia may disrupt the automatic processing of emotional information. Specifically, the affective priming effect decreases according to the subjects' alexithymia score, reflecting the overall defects in the automatic processing of emotional information. In the experiment, OlivierLumineta judged the potency of words by using words and faces as priming stimuli, and found that alexithymia had a significant moderating effect on the initiation of angry faces. It proves the defect of alexithymia in automatic processing of emotional information. According to this study, the Chinese scholar Ant Jinyao (2007) used positive, negative and neutral images as materials, using the emotional priming paradigm of subthreshold and suprathreshold to study the characteristics of emotional priming effect in the patients with hyperbolic disorder, and found that in the subthreshold priming task, There was no significant difference in correct rate and average reaction time between alexithymia group and non-alexithymia group. The mean response time of alexithymia group was significantly longer than that of non alexithymia group. That is to say at the unconscious level there is no defect in automatic processing of emotional stimulation in alexithymia but obvious defect in automatic processing of conscious emotional stimulation. This study mainly through the high and low alexithymia to different types of emotional information automatic processing differences, to study the high level of emotional disorders compared with non-alexithymia in automatic processing defects and characteristics. This study is divided into three experiments. Experiment one mainly studies the characteristics of emotion automatic processing of speech (word) information in the high and low alexithymia group; The characteristics of emotion automatic processing of non-verbal (picture) information in the subjects with high and low alexithymia and the characteristics of emotion automatic processing in the face expression information of the subjects with high and low alexithymia were studied in experiment three. The results are as follows: 1. The recognition of speech, non-verbal and facial information in alexithymic patients has a comprehensive defect; (2) the emotional automatic processing of speech information in alexithymia is completely defective, and when the type of primer is picture and face, there is a certain ability of automatic processing of emotion; 3. It is difficult to identify emotion information with different target items. The difficulty of emotion recognition of picture information is higher than that of words and faces, from difficulty to easy is picture, face, word; 4, the emergence of priming effect is determined by the titer of priming item and target item, but independent of type.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R749.99

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

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