【摘要】：[背景]恐懼是應對危險環(huán)境的一種情感反應。驚恐障礙患者的情緒認知過程(包括恐慌-威脅的信息處理過程)是與正常人不同的。在非言語信息中,面部表情是他人情緒情感的外在表現(xiàn),人們往往根據(jù)面部表情就可以快速判斷他人的內(nèi)在情緒狀態(tài)。面部情緒識別在社會生活中扮演著重要的角色,正確的識別他人的面部情緒是一項重要的社會交際技能。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：驚恐障礙患者對悲傷和憤怒的面部情緒的識別準確度顯著低于健康對照組。伴有社交恐懼癥的驚恐障礙患者對于具有安全感的面部情緒表現(xiàn)出認知偏倚,如快樂的面部情緒。但有的研究沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)驚恐障礙患者存在面部情緒認知缺陷。并且所有的研究均沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)驚恐障礙患者存在恐懼相關情緒識別的異常表現(xiàn)。 目前關于驚恐障礙患者面部情緒識別特點的研究主要存在以下一些不足。(1)研究者使用的面部情緒識別工具是不一致的。(2)有的研究樣本量較小(僅6例驚恐障礙患者)。(3)上述所有的研究均沒有將蔑視的面部情緒作為研究工具,有研究已經(jīng)證明蔑視的面部情緒同憤怒、厭惡、恐懼、悲傷一樣,是一種獨立的面部情緒類型。蔑視的面部情緒的特征是拒絕和社交上貶低他人。那些帶有蔑視情緒人經(jīng)常顯示出對他人的過度控制行為,且經(jīng)常表示出憤怒的情緒。 [目的]鑒于此,我們采用日本人和白人面部情緒系統(tǒng)(Japanese and Caucasianfacial expressions of emotion, JACFEE)研究驚恐障礙患者和正常人對包括蔑視在內(nèi)的7種面部情緒識別準確度、強度判斷的差別。 [方法] 1.對象 1.1驚恐障礙組 我們選取了根據(jù)美國精神病協(xié)會《精神障礙診斷和統(tǒng)計手冊》第四版修訂版(DSM-IV-TR)診斷標準確診的21例驚恐障礙患者(女11例,男10例)作為研究組,年齡26.74±6.74歲。 1.2正常對照組 我們選取了34例健康志愿者(女20例,男14例),均來自普通學生或者是來自普通人群中的有償志愿者,年齡26.76±9.10歲。 2.程序 利用JACFEE的憤怒、蔑視、厭惡、恐懼、快樂、悲傷、驚訝等7種面部情緒作為測量工具。讓被試對每一種面部情緒進行識別分類和強度判斷。 3.統(tǒng)計分析 對于每組的7種面部情緒識別準確度的結(jié)果和強度判斷結(jié)果采用多因素方差分析方法,發(fā)現(xiàn)有顯著差異時,post hoc采用獨立t檢驗方法檢驗組間差異；對正確報告和錯誤報告得分采用卡方檢驗。 [結(jié)果]兩組被試年齡、性別差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。7種面部情緒的正確識別度的統(tǒng)計結(jié)果顯示,驚恐障礙患者對于恐懼(0.47±0.28)和厭惡(0.57±0.35)的面部情緒的正確識別度顯著低于健康對照組,而對驚訝(0.91+0.09)的面部情緒的正確識別度顯著高于健康對照組。正確報告和錯誤報告得分的統(tǒng)計結(jié)果顯示,與健康對照組相比較,顯然有更多的驚恐障礙患者對于驚訝的面部情緒做出了正確識別(x2=5.29,P0.05)。7種面部情緒的強度判斷的統(tǒng)計結(jié)果顯示,兩組并無顯著統(tǒng)計學差異。 [結(jié)論]驚恐障礙患者對恐懼、厭惡的面部情緒識別的準確度低于正常人,對驚訝的面部情緒識別的準確性高于正常人,在強度判別上無差異,可能與其避免驚恐發(fā)作的自我意識機制的觸發(fā)有關。
[Abstract]:[Background] Fear is an emotional response to a dangerous environment. The emotional cognitive processes of panic disorder patients (including the processing of panic-threat information) are different from those of normal people. Facial emotion recognition plays an important role in social life. Recognizing other people's facial emotions correctly is an important social communication skill. Some studies have found that panic disorder patients have significantly lower recognition accuracy of sad and angry facial emotions than healthy controls. Some studies did not find facial emotional cognitive deficits in panic disorder patients, and all studies did not find abnormal fear-related emotional recognition in panic disorder patients.
At present, there are some deficiencies in the study of facial emotion recognition in panic disorder patients. (1) The facial emotion recognition tools used by researchers are inconsistent. (2) The sample size of some studies is small (only 6 panic disorder patients). (3) All of the above studies have not used the facial emotion of contempt as a research tool. It has been proven that facial contempt is an independent type of facial emotion, like anger, disgust, fear, and sadness.
[Objective] In view of this, we used the Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) to study the differences in facial emotion recognition accuracy and intensity judgment between panic disorder patients and normal people.
[method]
1. objects
1.1 panic disorder group
Twenty-one patients (11 women and 10 men) with panic disorder diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) were selected as the study group, aged 26.74 (+6.74).
1.2 normal control group
Thirty-four healthy volunteers (20 females and 14 males) aged 26.76 [9.10] were selected. All of them were students or paid volunteers from the general population.
2. program
JACFEE was used to measure seven facial emotions, including anger, disdain, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Subjects were asked to identify, classify and judge the intensity of each facial emotion.
3. statistical analysis
For each group, the results of 7 kinds of facial emotion recognition accuracy and intensity judgment were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. When significant differences were found, the post hoc used independent t test to test the differences between groups, and the correct report and false report scores were tested by chi-square test.
[Results] There was no significant difference in age and gender between the two groups. The correct recognition of facial emotions of panic disorder patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group. The correct recognition of facial emotions of panic disorder patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy control group. The results of correct report and false report showed that more panic disorder patients correctly recognized the facial emotions of surprise (x2 = 5.29, P 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups.
[Conclusion] The recognition accuracy of fear and aversion facial emotions in patients with panic disorder is lower than that of normal people, and the recognition accuracy of surprise facial emotions is higher than that of normal people. There is no difference in intensity discrimination, which may be related to the triggering of self-consciousness mechanism to avoid panic attacks.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R749.7

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本文編號：2232536