本文選題：情緒記憶 + 功能連接��； 參考：《安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：研究背景及目的情緒記憶又名情緒性喚醒記憶，它是情景記憶的一種類型，情緒性事件更易于被回憶起，稱之為情緒性記憶增強效應(yīng)。隨著老齡化的進展，老年人較年輕人認知能力普遍下降，但老年人情緒增強效應(yīng)依然存在。既往，情緒記憶成像研究多采用任務(wù)態(tài)功能磁共振成像方法，近年來靜息態(tài)fMRI得到廣泛關(guān)注。功能連接主要闡明空間上分離的腦區(qū)之間是否存在連接關(guān)系以及連接關(guān)系的強弱，不具有方向性。基于靜息態(tài)fMRI的功能連接分析已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于人腦感覺、運動、認知及情感機制等功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)組織結(jié)構(gòu)的研究中。目前運用靜息態(tài)fMRI研究情緒記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò)及其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的聯(lián)系國內(nèi)外報道較少，尚沒有報道關(guān)于靜息態(tài)fMRI研究情緒記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò)的年齡相關(guān)變化。既往功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)及結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò)研究表明：靜息態(tài)功能連接及結(jié)構(gòu)連接具有明顯的年齡相關(guān)變化。研究顯示年齡引起腦功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)小世界屬性的差異性。本研究運用靜息態(tài)fMRI研究年輕人和老年人情緒記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò)的小世界基本屬性，探討情緒記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò)的年齡相關(guān)改變；同時檢測網(wǎng)絡(luò)效應(yīng)與行為學(xué)表現(xiàn)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)性。 材料和方法健康老年組48名，其中男21名，女27名，年齡范圍為55～78歲。健康年輕組40名，其中男20名，女20名，年齡范圍為20～32歲。實驗材料包括60幅彩色情景圖片（情緒和中性情景圖片各30幅）；實驗過程包括編碼和立即提取兩個時期。記錄行為學(xué)再認成績，并利用3.0T MRI掃描并采集靜息態(tài)功能數(shù)據(jù)。利用MATLAB7.12、AFNI和SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計軟件包分別對fMRI數(shù)據(jù)及行為學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進行相關(guān)統(tǒng)計分析。 結(jié)果(1)行為學(xué)結(jié)果顯示：年輕組對情緒及中性圖片再認正確率均比老年組高，平均反應(yīng)時間縮短（P 0.05）。兩組對情緒圖片再認正確率均較中性圖片正確率高。年輕組年齡與情緒圖片（r2=0.22, p0.05）和中性圖片（r2=0.18; p0.05）的平均反應(yīng)正確率呈正相關(guān)，老年組年齡與中性圖片（r2=0.32, p 0.05）正確率呈負相關(guān)，而與情緒記憶增強效應(yīng)呈正相關(guān)（r2=0.17, p0.05）。情緒圖片反應(yīng)正確率與總體年齡呈線性趨勢，中性圖片反應(yīng)正確率呈拋物線，情緒記憶增強效應(yīng)呈U型曲線。 (2)靜息態(tài)fMRI功能連接結(jié)果顯示：年輕組與老年組情緒記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能連接存在顯著的年齡差異：內(nèi)側(cè)顳葉與額頂葉間功能連接即長程連接強度年輕人明顯強于老年人，內(nèi)側(cè)顳葉腦區(qū)之間功能連接即短程連接強度老年人明顯強于年輕人。兩組間網(wǎng)絡(luò)效應(yīng)及行為學(xué)成績與年齡存在相關(guān)性：年輕組全腦效應(yīng)高于老年組，二者之間具有顯著性差異（p0.01），年輕組與老年組局部效應(yīng)無顯著性差異（p0.01）；年輕人的情緒、中性圖片行為學(xué)成績與局部效應(yīng)呈正相關(guān)，老年人行為學(xué)成績與全腦效應(yīng)呈正相關(guān)。年輕組中樞節(jié)點有5個，包括右側(cè)杏仁核，左側(cè)梭狀回，右側(cè)額中回，右側(cè)前額葉背內(nèi)側(cè)及右側(cè)島葉；老年組中樞節(jié)點有3個，包括雙側(cè)杏仁核及右側(cè)額中回。 結(jié)論 (1)老年人記憶能力較年輕人顯著下降，但情緒記憶增強效應(yīng)仍然存在。 (2)靜息態(tài)情緒記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能連接存在顯著的年齡差異，即隨著年齡的增長，長程連接減弱而短程連接增強。 (3)小世界屬性和節(jié)點中心性亦具有顯著的年齡差異：全腦效應(yīng)年輕人高于老年人，且具有顯著性差異；局部效應(yīng)兩組間無顯著性差異；年輕人情緒性記憶更多取決于局部效應(yīng)，老年人則更多取決于全腦效應(yīng)。兩組中樞節(jié)點的個數(shù)及位置均存在差異，老年人左側(cè)杏仁核網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點功能代償性增強。 研究背景及目的抑郁癥(depression)是一種嚴重危害人類健康和情感行為的心境障礙性疾病，臨床上以顯著而持久的心境低落為主要特征，其發(fā)病率逐年上升。抑郁癥具有記憶“負性偏向作用”這一重要特征，并與“心境一致性記憶理論”相符合。抑郁癥具有持續(xù)性的悲傷、內(nèi)疚及無價值觀等負性情緒、認知障礙及軀體癥狀；神經(jīng)影像學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)這些癥狀伴隨著患者特定腦區(qū)的異常激活。既往，研究抑郁癥腦區(qū)異常多采用任務(wù)態(tài)fMRI方法，靜息態(tài)fMRI運用較少。眾多腦功能影像研究揭示抑郁癥患者存在情感調(diào)節(jié)環(huán)路的功能異常，主要定位于邊緣系統(tǒng)-皮層-紋狀體-蒼白球-丘腦神經(jīng)環(huán)路(limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic, LCSPT)。其中杏仁核、海馬、丘腦及前額葉是這一環(huán)路的重要組成部分，在情緒調(diào)節(jié)和傳導(dǎo)中起重要作用。與年輕抑郁癥患者相比，老年抑郁癥患者的學(xué)習(xí)、記憶及運動系統(tǒng)損壞更為嚴重。目前關(guān)于老年抑郁癥情緒記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò)的研究尚沒有明確報道。本研究運用靜息態(tài)fMRI研究老年抑郁癥患者和正常對照組情緒記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能連接差異，，并探討抑郁癥情感環(huán)路的異常。 材料和方法老年抑郁癥患者18名，其中男7名，女11名，年齡范圍為55～84歲。正常對照組24名，其中男14，女10名，年齡范圍為57～82歲。實驗材料為240幅彩色情景圖片(恐怖、高興、悲傷、中性情景圖片各60張)；實驗過程包括編碼和立即提取兩個時期。記錄行為學(xué)再認成績，并利用3.0T MRI掃描并采集靜息態(tài)功能數(shù)據(jù)。利用MATLAB7.12、AFNI和SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計軟件包分別對fMRI數(shù)據(jù)及行為學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進行相關(guān)統(tǒng)計分析。 結(jié)果(1)行為學(xué)結(jié)果顯示：抑郁癥各組圖片行為學(xué)成績均比對照組減低，抑郁組對恐怖圖片記憶成績最好，高興圖片成績最低，二者間統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異接近顯著性（P=0.055）。對照組對恐怖圖片記憶成績最好，悲傷圖片成績最低，與其他組圖片比較均有顯著性差異（P 0.05）。抑郁組高興圖片成績低于悲傷圖片，對照組高興圖片成績高于悲傷圖片，兩組間具有交互作用（P0.05）。 (2)靜息態(tài)fMRI功能連接結(jié)果顯示：抑郁癥患者與正常對照組情緒記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能連接存在差異。與正常對照組相比，抑郁癥患者功能連接減弱的腦區(qū)對有左側(cè)杏仁核與右側(cè)丘腦、右側(cè)杏仁核與左側(cè)額下回、緣上回與前額葉背內(nèi)側(cè)/前扣帶回、顳中回與額中回、丘腦與額下回及左側(cè)額葉眼動區(qū)；抑郁癥患者功能連接增強的腦區(qū)對有左側(cè)海馬與左側(cè)顳中回、右側(cè)海馬與前額葉腹內(nèi)側(cè)/前扣帶回及右側(cè)額葉眼動區(qū)、左側(cè)顳中回與左側(cè)梭狀回及左側(cè)額葉眼動區(qū)、右側(cè)島葉與右側(cè)顳中回及右側(cè)額葉眼動區(qū)、右側(cè)丘腦及左側(cè)尾狀核（P0.05）。抑郁組中樞節(jié)點有4個，包括左側(cè)杏仁核，右側(cè)海馬，右側(cè)額中回及右側(cè)島葉。對照組中樞節(jié)點有6個，包括雙側(cè)杏仁核，右側(cè)頂下小葉，雙側(cè)額中回及右側(cè)島葉。 結(jié)論 (1)抑郁癥患者較正常對照組認知能力下降，且存在情緒記憶“負性偏向作用”。 (2)抑郁癥患者與正常對照組情緒記憶網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能連接存在差異，提示抑郁癥患者存在情感環(huán)路的功能異常。 (3)抑郁癥患者與正常對照組中樞節(jié)點的個數(shù)及位置均存在差異，抑郁癥患者右側(cè)杏仁核及左側(cè)額下回網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點功能減弱，右側(cè)海馬網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點功能代償性增強。
[Abstract]:Background and purpose emotional memory, also known as emotional arousal memory, is a type of situational memory, and emotional events are more easily recalled. It is called emotional memory enhancement. With the progress of aging, the cognitive ability of older people is generally decreased, but the emotional enhancement effect of older people still exists. The study of memory imaging mainly uses the task state functional magnetic resonance imaging (tfmri). In recent years, the resting state fMRI has been widely concerned. The functional connection mainly clarifies whether there is a connection relationship between the separated brain regions and the strength of the connection relationship between the space and the connection relationship, and the function connection analysis based on resting state fMRI has been applied to the human brain. In the study of the organizational structure of functional networks, such as dynamic, cognitive and emotional mechanisms, there are few reports at home and abroad using resting state fMRI to study the relationship between emotional memory networks and other networks. There is no report about the age related changes in the resting state fMRI research on emotional memory networks. The study showed that age induced differences in the small world properties of brain functional networks. This study used resting state fMRI to study the basic attributes of the young and elderly emotional memory networks in the small world, and to explore the age-related changes in emotional memory networks; and the detection of the network at the same time. The relationship between effect and behavioral performance.
Materials and methods 48 healthy aged groups, including 21 men and 27 women, 55~78 years of age, 40 in the healthy young group, including 20 men, 20 women and 20~32 years of age. The experimental materials included 60 color scene pictures (30 images of mood and neutral picture), and the experimental process included encoding and extracting two periods. Record line. In order to learn the results of re recognition and use 3.0T MRI to scan and collect resting state function data, the statistical analysis of fMRI data and behavioral data is carried out by using MATLAB7.12, AFNI and SPSS13.0 statistical software packages respectively.
Results (1) the results of behavior study showed that the correct rate of emotion and neutral picture recognition was higher in the young group than in the old group, and the average reaction time was shortened (P 0.05). The correct recognition rate of the two groups was higher than that of the neutral picture. The average response of young group age and mood pictures (r2=0.22, P0.05) and neutral picture (r2=0.18; P0.05) was correct. The rate of the aged group was negatively correlated with the correct rate of the neutral picture (r2=0.32, P 0.05), but positively correlated with the enhancement effect of emotional memory (r2=0.17, P0.05). The correct rate of emotional picture reaction was linear with the overall age, the correct rate of neutral picture reaction was a parabolic line, and the enhancement effect of emotional memory was U curve.
(2) the results of the resting state fMRI functional connection showed that there was a significant age difference between the young group and the elderly group. The functional connection between the medial temporal lobe and the frontal parietal lobe was significantly stronger in the young people than in the elderly. The function connection between the medial temporal lobe brain area and the short distance connection intensity was obviously stronger than the young people. There was a correlation between the two groups of network effects and behavioral scores: the whole brain effect of young group was higher than that of the old group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P0.01), and there was no significant difference in the local effect between the young and the old groups (P0.01); the emotion of the young people, the performance of the neutral picture behavior was positively related to the local effect, and the behavior of the old people. There were 5 central nodes in the young group, including the right amygdala, the left fusiform gyrus, the right frontal gyrus, the right medial prefrontal cortex and the right Island lobe, and 3 central nodes in the elderly group, including bilateral amygdala and right frontal gyrus.
conclusion
(1) the memory ability of the elderly is significantly lower than that of the young, but the effect of emotional memory enhancement still exists.
(2) there is a significant age difference in functional connectivity between resting state and emotional memory networks.
(3) the attributes of the small world and the centrality of the nodes also have significant age differences: the young people of the whole brain are higher than the elderly, and have significant differences; there is no significant difference between the two groups of the local effect; the emotional memory of the young people is more dependent on the local effect, the elderly are more dependent on the whole brain effect. The number of the two groups of central nodes and the number of the central nodes are the number of the two groups of central nodes and the number of the central nodes in the elderly. The locations of the left amygdaloid nodes in the elderly were more compensatory.
Background and objective depression (depression) is a mental disorder that seriously endangers human health and emotional behavior. It is characterized by significant and persistent depression in clinical practice, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Depression has an important feature of memory "negative bias" and "mood congruent memory theory". Depression has persistent sadness, guilt, and value free negative emotion, cognitive impairment and somatomatic symptoms. Neuroimaging found these symptoms associated with abnormal activation of the patient's specific brain area. Previously, the study of abnormal depression in the brain area was mostly using the task state fMRI method, resting state fMRI use less. Studies have revealed that depressive patients have an abnormal function of the emotion regulation loop, which is mainly located in the marginal system - the cortex - striatum - limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic (LCSPT). The amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus and prefrontal lobe are important components of this loop, in emotion regulation and conduction The study, memory, and motor system damage of elderly depressive patients are more serious than those with young depressive patients. There is no clear report on the emotional memory network of senile depression. This study used resting state fMRI to study the function of emotional memory networks in elderly depressive patients and normal control groups. Link differences, and explore the abnormal emotional loop of depression.
Materials and methods 18 aged depressive patients, including 7 men and 11 women, with a range of 55~84 years old, 24 in the normal control group, including 14 men, 10 women and 57~82 years of age. The experimental materials were 240 color scene pictures (terror, happiness, sadness, and 60 sheets of neutral picture); the experimental process included encoding and extracting two immediately. The results were recorded and the 3.0T MRI scanned and the resting state function data were collected. The statistical analysis of fMRI data and behavioral data was carried out by using MATLAB7.12, AFNI and SPSS13.0 statistical software packages respectively.
Results (1) the behavioral results showed that the performance of the depression group was lower than that of the control group, the depression group had the best memory performance on the horror picture memory, the happy picture score was the lowest, the statistical difference between the two groups was close to the significant (P=0.055). The control group was the best for the horror picture memory, the sad picture was the lowest, compared with the other group pictures. There were significant differences (P 0.05). The score of happy picture in the depression group was lower than the sad picture, and the score of the control group was higher than the sad picture, and the two groups had interaction (P0.05).
(2) the resting state fMRI functional connection showed that there were differences in the functional connection of emotional memory network between the depressive patients and the normal control group. Compared with the normal control group, the impaired functional connection of the depressive patients had the left amygdala and the right thalamus, the right amygdala and the left inferior frontal gyrus, the upper margin and the medial / anterior cingulate of the prefrontal lobes. Gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus, thalamus and inferior frontal gyrus and left frontal lobe eye movement area; the functional connection of the depressive patients has the left hippocampus and the left medial temporal gyrus, the right hippocampus and the anterior cingulate gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus and the right frontal lobes, left middle temporal gyrus and left fusiform gyrus and left frontal lobes, right island and right The lateral temporal gyrus and right frontal lobes, right thalamus and left caudate nucleus (P0.05). There were 4 central nodes in the depression group, including the left amygdala, right hippocampus, right middle frontal gyrus and right Island leaf. There were 6 central nodes in the control group, including bilateral amygdala, right apical lobule, bilateral frontal gyrus and right Island leaf.
conclusion
(1) the cognitive ability of the patients with depression was lower than that of the normal control group, and there was "negative bias" of emotional memory.
(2) the functional connectivity of emotional memory network between patients with depression and normal controls is different.
(3) the number and position of the central node of the patients with depression and the normal control group were different. The function of the right amygdala and the left inferior frontal gyrus was weakened, and the function of the right hippocampal network was compensatory in the patients with depression.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R749.4;R445.2

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5 徐世坤;抑郁癥， 不可等閑視之[N];中國水利報;2000年

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