醛糖還原酶抑制劑改善鏈脲佐菌素引起的AD樣病變及其機制研究
本文選題:AD + STZ ; 參考:《華中科技大學》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:研究背景 阿爾茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD)是導致老年人群癡呆最重要的原因,其特征性的病理改變?yōu)榫奂谏窠浖毎獾睦夏臧撸⊿enile plaque,SP)和細胞內的神經原纖維纏結(Neurofibrillary tangle, NFT)以及進行性的學習記憶障礙。糖尿病患者AD發(fā)病危險性比普通人群明顯升高,且糖尿病可通過多種途徑引起神經元病理和認知功能損傷。隨著老化和糖代謝失調,多元醇通路和醛糖還原酶(Aldose reductase, AR)明顯激活,但AR是否參與AD病理過程以及抑制AR活性能否改善AD相關的神經病理改變目前仍不清楚。 目的 探討醛糖還原酶抑制劑是否能改善鏈脲佐菌素(Streptozotocin, stz)引起的AD樣病理改變及其可能的機制。 材料與方法 為探討醛糖還原酶抑制劑對stz引起的AD樣病變的影響極其作用機制,我們選用3月齡Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠(體重約為300±30g)進行雙側腦室注射stz(Intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin, icv-stz,3mg/kg)建立AD樣動物模型。造模成功后根據分組用不同的試劑對實驗動物進行連續(xù)3周的灌胃處理。實驗動物分為四組,分別為:(1)空白對照組,側腦室注射人工腦脊液,生理鹽水灌胃;(2)stz組,側腦室注射stz,生理鹽水灌胃;(3)stz+zop組,,側腦室注射stz,醛糖還原酶抑制劑zopolrestat灌胃(50mg/kg·day);(4)stz+sob組,側腦室注射stz,醛糖還原酶抑制劑sorbinil灌胃(25mg/kg·day);每組動物數量均為8-10只。模型建立一月后用免疫印跡法檢測動物海馬tau蛋白磷酸化程度和tau蛋白磷酸化相關蛋白激酶表達水平,用試劑盒檢測相應腦區(qū)組織細胞氧化應激相關指標超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase, SOD)活力和丙二醛(MaleicDialdehyde, MDA)含量,并用Morris水迷宮實驗評估動物的空間學習記憶能力。 結果 1.醛糖還原酶抑制劑改善stz引起的空間記憶能力障礙。水迷宮實驗表明,側腦室注射stz不影響大鼠空間學習能力,但嚴重損害大鼠空間記憶能力;醛糖還原酶抑制劑顯著改側腦室注射stz引起的空間記憶障礙。 2.醛糖還原酶抑制劑降低stz誘導的tau蛋白過度磷酸化。免疫印跡結果表明,側腦室注射stz引起大鼠海馬tau蛋白多個位點磷酸化程度加強,醛糖還原酶抑制劑降低icv-stz大鼠海馬tau蛋白在這些位點的磷酸化水平。 3.醛糖還原酶抑制劑通過絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)途徑改善stz引起的AD樣病變。免疫印跡結果顯示,側腦室注射stz引起大鼠海馬MAPK途徑的C-Jun基末端激酶(C-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)和激活細胞外調節(jié)蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinase, ERK1/2)磷酸化水平升高,提示其活性增強;兩種醛糖還原酶抑制劑則不同程度地減弱上述激酶的磷酸化程度。此外,stz組大鼠海馬糖原合酶激酶-3(glycogen synthase kinase-3, GSK-3)在serine9位點磷酸化程度加強,提示其活性減弱,說明側腦室注射stz可能不通過GSK-3影響tau蛋白磷酸化。 4.氧化應激不參與stz引起的大鼠AD樣病理改變。模型建立后一個月,與對照組相比,stz組大鼠腦部SOD活力和MDA含量均無顯著差異,說明側腦室注射stz此時并不引起大鼠腦部氧化應激,stz誘導的AD樣病變可能不是由氧化應激介導的。此外,醛糖還原酶抑制劑對大鼠腦部SOD活力和MDA含量亦無影響。 結論 1.醛糖還原酶抑制劑對stz誘導的AD樣病變有改善作用。 2.醛糖還原酶可能通過MAPK通路改善stz誘導的AD樣病變。
[Abstract]:Research background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most important cause of dementia in the elderly. Its characteristic pathological changes are the senile plaque (Senile plaque, SP) and the intracellular neurofibrous tangles (Neurofibrillary tangle, NFT) and progressive learning and memory disorders. The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus patients is AD. The risk is significantly higher than that of the general population, and diabetes can cause pathological and cognitive impairment of neurons through a variety of pathways. With aging and disorder of glucose metabolism, the polyol pathway and aldose reductase (Aldose reductase, AR) are obviously activated, but whether AR participates in the pathological process of AD and whether the inhibition of AR activity can improve the neuropathology of AD related neuropathology. The change is still unclear.
objective
To investigate whether aldose reductase inhibitors can improve the AD like pathological changes induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) and its possible mechanism.
Materials and methods
In order to investigate the effect of aldose reductase inhibitor on AD like lesions caused by STZ, we selected 3 month old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (weight about 300 + 30g) to establish AD like animal models by injecting STZ (Intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin, ICV-STZ, 3mg/kg) into bilateral ventricles of the brain (Intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin, ICV-STZ, 3mg/kg). The experimental animals were divided into four groups for 3 weeks. The experimental animals were divided into four groups: (1) blank control group, lateral ventricle injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid, saline irrigation, group STZ, lateral ventricle injection of STZ, saline irrigation; (3) stz+zop, lateral ventricle injection of STZ, aldose reductase inhibitor zopolrestat gavage (50mg/kg day) (4) group stz+sob, side ventricle injection of STZ, aldose reductase inhibitor Sorbinil gavage (25mg/kg. Day), each group of animals were 8-10. After a month, the model was established by immunoblotting to detect the degree of phosphorylation of tau protein and the expression level of phosphorylation related protein kinase of tau protein in animal hippocampus, and the corresponding brain tissue cells were detected by the kit. The activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MaleicDialdehyde, MDA) were measured by oxidative stress, and the spatial learning and memory ability of animals was evaluated by the Morris water maze test.
Result
1. aldose reductase inhibitor improved the spatial memory ability disorder caused by STZ. The water maze test showed that the injection of STZ in the lateral ventricle did not affect the spatial learning ability of the rats, but seriously damaged the spatial memory ability of the rats, and the aldose reductase inhibitor significantly altered the spatial memory impairment caused by the injection of STZ in the lateral ventricle.
2. aldose reductase inhibitor reduced the excessive phosphorylation of tau protein induced by STZ. The results of immunoblotting showed that the degree of phosphorylation of multiple sites of tau protein in hippocampus of rats was enhanced by injection of STZ in the lateral ventricle, and the phosphorylation level of tau protein at these sites was reduced by aldose reductase inhibitor in ICV-STZ rats.
3. aldose reductase inhibitors improve AD like lesions caused by STZ through the mitogen activated protein kinase (mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK) pathway. The immunoblotting results showed that the injection of STZ in the lateral ventricle caused the C-Jun base kinase (C-Jun N-terminal kinase,) and the activation of extracellular regulated protein kinase in the hippocampal MAPK pathway of the rat. Acellular regulated protein kinase, ERK1/2) increased the phosphorylation level, suggesting that the activity of the two aldose reductase inhibitors decreased the degree of phosphorylation of the above kinase to varying degrees. In addition, the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase -3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3, GSK-3) in the hippocampus of the STZ group was enhanced, suggesting that the degree of phosphorylation in the loci was enhanced. Its activity decreased, suggesting that STZ injected into the lateral ventricle might not affect the phosphorylation of tau protein through GSK-3.
4. oxidative stress did not participate in AD like pathological changes in rats induced by STZ. One month after the establishment of the model, there was no significant difference in the activity of SOD and the content of MDA in the brain of the rats of the control group, indicating that the lateral ventricle injection of STZ did not cause oxidative stress in the rat brain at this time, and the AD like lesion induced by STZ may not be mediated by oxidative stress. In addition, the aldehyde group was not induced by oxidative stress. There was no effect of sugar reductase inhibitor on SOD activity and MDA content in brain of rats.
conclusion
1. aldose reductase inhibitors can improve AD induced lesions induced by STZ.
2. aldose reductase may improve the STZ induced AD like lesion through the MAPK pathway.
【學位授予單位】:華中科技大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:R749.16
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