本文選題：述情障礙　切入點：記憶偏好　出處：《濟(jì)南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：生活于社會中，我們不得不與其它人交流溝通，而能正確的識別和表達(dá)情緒是社會交往的必要前提之一。但在我們周圍就存在一類這樣的人，他們無法準(zhǔn)確的體驗和表達(dá)自己的情感，平時表現(xiàn)刻板、不靈活、缺乏幽默感和想象力，甚至在交往中表現(xiàn)得緊張焦慮，我們即認(rèn)為他們存在述情障礙的困擾。 述情障礙最初源于對心身疾病患者的臨床觀察而來，隨著研究的深入才逐步引起了其他領(lǐng)域研究者的關(guān)注，對述情障礙的定義也經(jīng)歷了相當(dāng)長的時期，最終從開始定義的“幼稚人格”、“情緒盲”，慢慢完善至Haviland的定義。1996年，Haviland總結(jié)了13位該方面專家的意見，將述情障礙定義為“個體在體驗和表達(dá)情感方面有困難，易焦慮、刻板、不靈活、退縮，缺乏想像力，拘于小節(jié)，循艦蹈矩、缺乏洞悉感、不幽默，生活中缺乏個人價值感，其焦慮和緊張主要通過軀體癥狀表現(xiàn)出來”。述情障礙的這個定義也成為現(xiàn)在最常引用和使用的定義，本文即使用了該定義。 現(xiàn)今在述情障礙研究領(lǐng)域，主要分為兩大類研究：一類研究主要集中于精神衛(wèi)生和流行病學(xué)方面的研究，另一類研究主要集中于心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究。心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究細(xì)分又可分為兩大方向：一個方向研究述情障礙的影響因素，與其他心理健康因素、人格因素、環(huán)境因素等的關(guān)系；另一個研究方向即研究述情障礙者的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制和認(rèn)知特點，主要通過實驗、腦電、核磁共振等方法研究述情障礙的情緒認(rèn)知缺陷和腦的生理特征。本文以述情障礙的信息加工缺陷理論為理論基礎(chǔ)，進(jìn)行了預(yù)實驗和正式實驗。其中預(yù)實驗采用現(xiàn)在使用最普遍、信效度表現(xiàn)良好的多倫多述情障礙量表（TAS-20）對464名被試進(jìn)行了施測，排除不合格的14名被試，總計考察了450名被試。在預(yù)實驗部分，考察了述情障礙在初中生群體中的分布情況，，發(fā)現(xiàn)述情障礙在初中生中的發(fā)生率高達(dá)23.6%，高于成年人的發(fā)生率；述情障礙在初中生群體中不存在性別方面的差異，但存在年級差異，初三學(xué)生的述情障礙水平要高于初二學(xué)生。正式實驗采用E.Prime軟件編寫研究程序，主要考察了初中生群體中高、低述情障礙者信息加工過程中的記憶差異，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，組別、編碼類型、詞的效價三者的主效應(yīng)顯著，組別和效價的交互作用顯著。初中生群體中高述情障礙者存在記憶偏好現(xiàn)象。這種現(xiàn)象表現(xiàn)為，在兩種編碼類型下，相較于低述情障礙者，高述情障礙者對疾病關(guān)聯(lián)詞的回憶正確率要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于情緒詞和中性詞。實驗結(jié)果與成年人的實驗結(jié)果相似，并未表現(xiàn)出年級方面的差異。同時，本次研究結(jié)果也從側(cè)面驗證了述情障礙的情緒信息加工缺陷理論，也為后續(xù)的相關(guān)研究提供一定的參考指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Living in society, we have to communicate with other people, and being able to identify and express emotions correctly is one of the necessary prerequisites for social interaction. But there are a class of such people around us. They are unable to experience and express their emotions accurately. They are usually rigid, inflexible, lack of sense of humor and imagination, and even show tension and anxiety in communication. We think that they are troubled by alexithymia. Alexithymia originated from the clinical observation of patients with psychosomatic diseases. With the deepening of the research, it gradually attracted the attention of researchers in other fields, and the definition of alexithymia also experienced a long period of time. Finally, from the beginning of the definition of "immature personality" and "emotional blindness," to the definition of Haviland. In 1996, she summed up the opinions of 13 experts in this field, defining alexithymia as "individuals with difficulties in experiencing and expressing their emotions, which are easily anxious and stereotyped." Inflexible, flinching, lacking in imagination, in small measure, following the rules of the ship, lacking insight, lacking humor, lacking personal worth in life, This definition of alexithymia has become the most commonly cited and used definition of alexithymia, even if it is used in this paper. Nowadays, in the field of alexithymia, there are two main types of research: one is focused on mental health and epidemiology. The other kind of research is mainly focused on the field of psychology. The subdivision of research in the field of psychology can be divided into two main directions: one is to study the influencing factors of alexithymia, and other mental health factors, personality factors, Another research direction is to study the mechanism and cognitive characteristics of alexithymia, mainly through experiments, EEG, MRI and other methods are used to study emotional cognitive defects and brain physiological characteristics of alexithymia. Based on the theory of information processing defects of alexithymia, pre-experiments and formal experiments have been carried out. The Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20), which has good reliability and validity, tested 464 subjects, excluding 14 unqualified subjects, and examined the distribution of alexithymia in junior high school students. It was found that the incidence of alexithymia was as high as 23.6in junior high school students, which was higher than that of adults, and there was no gender difference in alexithymia in junior high school students, but there was grade difference in alexithymia. The level of alexithymia in the third grade students is higher than that in the second grade students. The formal experiment uses E. Prime software to write the research program, which mainly examines the memory differences in the information processing process of the high and low alexithymia students in the junior high school students. The main effects of coding type and word titer are significant, and the interaction between group and titer is significant. There is a phenomenon of memory preference among the students with high description disorder in junior high school students. This phenomenon is manifested in the two coding types. Compared with those with low alexithymia, the correct rate of recall of disease related words was much higher in those with high dyslexia than in emotional words and neutral words. The results were similar to those of adults and did not show grade differences. At the same time, The results also verify the theory of emotional information processing defects in alexithymia, and provide some reference for further research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R749.99

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