本文選題：嗅覺通路　切入點：薄荷醇　出處：《安徽醫(yī)科大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：研究背景和研究目的 老年癡呆癥（阿爾茨海默病，Alzheimer’s disease，AD）是臨床上常見的精神性疾病。自1906年發(fā)現(xiàn)以來，經(jīng)過一個多世紀的研究，至今仍然有大量問題有待解決。目前治療AD的藥物，如乙酰膽堿酯酶（AchE）抑制劑，只能減輕AD患者的癥狀，但不能阻止病情的進展。嗅覺系統(tǒng)提供了大腦與外部環(huán)境的直接聯(lián)系，與腦內(nèi)的許多掌管學習記憶的腦區(qū)密切相關(guān)，這使得嗅覺通路成為潛在的治療學習記憶衰退的有效途徑。芳香物質(zhì)如薄荷醇等被認為具有提神醒腦，芳香開竅等作用。本實驗就是研究嗅覺通路與學習記憶之間的關(guān)系，并通過揮發(fā)性的芳香物質(zhì)薄荷醇對大鼠學習記憶能力的影響，評價其在治療AD等癡呆癥中的作用；為AD的嗅覺通路治療提供理論依據(jù)，開辟AD治療的新領(lǐng)域；并為芳香療法提供基礎(chǔ)理論支持。 第一部分薄荷醇吸嗅對大鼠學習記憶能力的神經(jīng)行為學觀察 實驗方法 將2g的薄荷醇溶于1000ml熱水中充分溶解，置于密閉染毒箱中后，放入大鼠作用1h。連續(xù)7d，應(yīng)用Morris水迷宮進行神經(jīng)行為學檢測，通過定位航行試驗和空間探索實驗觀察大鼠空間學習記憶能力的變化。 實驗結(jié)果 神經(jīng)行為學的結(jié)果顯示，吸入薄荷醇的SD大鼠，定位航行試驗和空間探索實驗與對照組比較，逃避潛伏期和平臺象限滯留時間明顯減少（P0.05），說明通過薄荷醇吸嗅后，大鼠的空間學習記憶能力明顯提高。 第二部分薄荷醇吸嗅大鼠海馬區(qū)AchE與GluR1免疫組化觀察 實驗方法Morris水迷宮的定位航行試驗和空間探索分析表明，吸嗅薄荷醇的SD大鼠的空間學習記憶能力明顯提高（P0.05）。為了觀察神經(jīng)行為學變化與神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的關(guān)系，，通過免疫組織化學的方法，研究薄荷醇吸嗅后對大鼠海馬區(qū)AchE及GluR1表達水平的變化，探討其引起大鼠的空間學習記憶能力提高的機制。 實驗結(jié)果 腦組織的免疫組化結(jié)果顯示，吸入薄荷醇的SD大鼠，與對照組相比較，海馬區(qū)AchE和GluR1的蛋白表達均明顯降低（P0.01），積分光密度值和陽性細胞數(shù)也明顯減少（P0.01）。 第三部分薄荷醇吸嗅大鼠海馬區(qū)AchE與GluR1表達的分子生物學實驗觀察 實驗方法 為了進一步觀察神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的變化，通過RT-PCR和ELISA的方法，研究薄荷醇吸嗅后對大鼠海馬區(qū)AchE及GluR1表達水平的變化，探討其引起大鼠的空間學習記憶能力提高的機制。 實驗結(jié)果 腦組織的RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示，吸入薄荷醇的SD大鼠，與對照組相比較，海馬區(qū)AchE和GluR1的mRNA表達均明顯降低（P0.01）。ELISA結(jié)果表明，吸入薄荷醇的SD大鼠，與對照組相比較，海馬區(qū)AchE的表達明顯降低。 結(jié)論 1.發(fā)現(xiàn)薄荷醇通過嗅覺通路可以明顯提高大鼠的學習記憶能力; 2.薄荷醇通過嗅覺通路吸嗅后可以明顯降低大鼠海馬區(qū)AchE和GluR1的表達量； 3.薄荷醇通過嗅覺通路吸嗅后明顯提高大鼠的學習記憶能力主要是過降低大鼠海馬區(qū)AchE的表達量實現(xiàn)的； 4.薄荷醇吸嗅后提高大鼠的學習記憶能力，開辟了治療AD的新領(lǐng)域。
[Abstract]:Research background and purpose
Senile dementia (Alzheimer's disease, "Alzheimer s disease, AD) is a common clinical mental illness. Since its discovery in 1906, after more than a century of research, there is still a lot of problems to be solved. At present the treatment of AD drugs, such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibitors, can only alleviate the symptoms of patients with AD. Progress but not prevent the disease. The olfactory system provide a direct connection between the brain and the external environment, closely related to learning and memory in many areas of the brain and the brain, which makes the olfactory pathway as a potential treatment of learning memory decline. Remember the effective way of aromatic substances such as menthol is considered a refreshing, aromatic resuscitation effect etc. this experiment is to study the relationship between. The olfactory pathway of learning and memory, and the effects of volatile aromatic substances of menthol on the ability of learning and memory in rats and its evaluation in the treatment of AD. The role of dementia; providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of AD's olfactory pathway, opening up a new field of AD treatment, and providing basic theoretical support for aromatherapy.
The first part of the neurobehavioral observation of the learning and memory ability of rats by menthol sniffing
Experimental method
The menthol 2G was dissolved in 1000ml hot water and dissolved in a closed poison box. After putting it into a closed poison box, rats were put into 1h. for continuous 7d. The Morris water maze was used to perform neurobehavioral tests, and the spatial learning and memory ability of rats was observed by location navigation test and space exploration experiment.
experimental result
Behavioral results showed that inhalation of menthol in SD rats, positioning navigation test and spatial probe test compared with the control group, the escape latency and the platform quadrant time was significantly reduced (P0.05), illustrated by menthol sniffing, rat spatial learning and memory ability were improved.
Immunohistochemical observation of AchE and GluR1 in the hippocampus of the second part of menthol sniffing rats
The positioning experiment method of Morris water maze navigation test and spatial probe analysis showed that SD rats sniff the menthol in the spatial learning and memory ability was improved significantly (P0.05). To observe the relationship between neural and behavioral changes of neurotransmitters, through the method of immunohistochemistry, research the expression level of menthol sniffing after change on AchE and GluR1 in hippocampus of rats, investigate the mechanism of rat spatial learning and memory ability caused by it.
experimental result
Immunohistochemical results of brain tissue showed that compared with the control group, the expression of AchE and GluR1 protein in hippocampus of SD rats inhaled menthol decreased significantly (P0.01), the integral optical density and the number of positive cells also decreased significantly (P0.01).
The molecular biological experimental observation of the expression of AchE and GluR1 in the hippocampus of the third part of menthol sniffing rats
Experimental method
In order to further observe the changes of neurotransmitters, we studied the changes of AchE and GluR1 expression in hippocampus of rats after menorhion absorption by RT-PCR and ELISA, and explored the mechanism of improving the ability of spatial learning and memory in rats.
experimental result
The RT-PCR results of brain tissue showed that compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of AchE and GluR1 in hippocampus of SD rats inhaled menthol decreased significantly (P0.01).ELISA. The results showed that the expression of AchE in hippocampus of rats inhaled menthol significantly decreased compared with control group.
conclusion
1. it was found that menthol could significantly improve the learning and memory ability of rats through the olfactory pathway.
2. menthol can obviously reduce the expression of AchE and GluR1 in the hippocampus of rats after sniffing through the olfactory pathway.
3. menthol obviously improves the learning and memory ability of rats after sniffing through the olfactory pathway, which is mainly due to the reduction of the expression of AchE in the hippocampus of rats.
4. menthol, after sniffing, improves the learning and memory ability of rats, and opens up a new field for the treatment of AD.

【學位授予單位】：安徽醫(yī)科大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R285.5;R749.126

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