本文關鍵詞： 性格傾向 孤獨癥 父母 診斷　出處：《大連醫(yī)科大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：目的：孤獨癥是起源于兒童嬰幼兒期的嚴重的廣泛發(fā)育障礙(PDD)，且發(fā)病率呈逐年升高的趨勢。其病因尚未明確，康復治療是目前較為有效的治療辦法，，并需持續(xù)終身治療。因此，“早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷、早治療”的三早原則是治療和康復的關鍵。如何早期發(fā)現(xiàn)、早期診斷，對康復治療及預后相當重要�；趦和膊〉奶厥庑裕议L對于病史的描述及孩子異常行為的觀察與總結(jié)，對孤獨癥的臨床診斷甚為重要。孤獨癥患兒家長的性格特點及情緒類型，會不會因此而影響孤獨癥的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)及臨床診斷呢？經(jīng)過查閱，目前國內(nèi)外相關文獻并未有詳細報道。本文對60名孤獨癥兒童及其家長做了一般性資料統(tǒng)計及家長的性格分析及情緒測評，探討父母性格傾向及情緒因素對于孤獨癥患兒的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)及診斷之間有無相關，為指導今后的臨床診斷工作提供相關依據(jù)。 方法：收集門診就診的60例孤獨癥患者的一般性資料，在同一專業(yè)人員指導下由父親或母親認真填寫孤獨癥篩查量表（ABC）、艾森克人格問卷（EPQ）、癥狀自評量表（SCL-90），并在父親或母親輔助下由同一醫(yī)務人員完成孤獨癥診斷量表（CARS）的測評。將統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)輸入SPSS統(tǒng)計軟件，使用SPSS17.0軟件對統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)中各因子行統(tǒng)計學描述檢驗其是否為正態(tài)分布后，對各個因子相關性進行統(tǒng)計分析。當兩變量符合雙變量正態(tài)分布的假設時，使用Pearson相關描述其相關性，當兩變量不符合雙變量正態(tài)分布的假設時，使用Spearson秩相關描述兩變量間的相互變化關系。得出各變量間的相關系數(shù)P，如P＜0．05，則兩變量間有相關性。 結(jié)果： 1.孤獨癥患兒父母性格傾向量表（EPQ）中P量表及N量表的得分與孤獨癥篩查量表ABC存在相關性，兩者有統(tǒng)計學差異，P＜0．05。 2.孤獨癥父母SCL-90中的軀體化癥狀及敵對癥狀總分及均分與孤獨癥篩查量表ABC的得分均存在相關性，兩者有統(tǒng)計學差異，P＜0.05；與強迫癥狀的總分及均分顯著相關，兩者有統(tǒng)計學差異，P＜0.01。 3.孤獨癥輔助診斷量表CARS得分與孤獨癥患兒父母的性格傾向各因子未見統(tǒng)計學差異；與SCL-90中的強迫癥狀及抑郁癥狀的總分及均分均有相關性，兩者有統(tǒng)計學差異，P＜0.05；與軀體化癥狀及焦慮癥狀的總分及均分顯著相關，P＜0.01。 4.孤獨癥患兒父母中P量表及N量表的得分與SCL-90量表中軀體化、強迫、抑郁癥狀等各因子的總分及均分均存在相關性，兩者有統(tǒng)計學差異，P＜0．05。 結(jié)論： 1.對于孤獨癥的早期發(fā)現(xiàn) (1)父母的神經(jīng)質(zhì)與情緒的穩(wěn)定性與孤獨癥的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)存在相關性。因此，在做性格分析時，神經(jīng)質(zhì)與情緒不穩(wěn)定的家長應詳細詢問病史并仔細查體，結(jié)合輔助檢查以完善孤獨癥的篩查工作。 (2)父母情緒因素中的軀體化癥狀、強迫癥狀及敵對癥狀的總分及均分與孤獨癥的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)存在相關性。因此，如果患兒家長SCL-90中的上述癥狀得分較高（均分≥2分），可待患兒家長情緒穩(wěn)定后再次復診以完善孤獨癥的篩查工作。 2.對于孤獨癥的診斷 (1)孤獨癥患兒父母的性格傾向各因子與診斷未見相關。 (2)孤獨癥患兒父母就診時的情緒因素中的軀體化癥狀、強迫癥狀、抑郁癥狀及焦慮癥狀的總分及均分均有相關性。因此，如果患兒家長SCL-90中的上述癥狀得分較高（均分≥2分），應詳細詢問病史并仔細查體，針對該類家長根據(jù)具體情況給予心理指導并囑其定期復診，結(jié)合輔助檢查結(jié)果以提高診斷的正確率。
[Abstract]:Objective: autism is originated from children's infantile severe extensive developmental disorder (PDD), and the incidence is increasing year by year. Its etiology is not yet clear, rehabilitation therapy is more effective treatment, and need lifelong treatment. Therefore, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, early three principles "is the key to treatment and rehabilitation. To early detection, early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of rehabilitation is very important. Based on the particularity of disease of children, parents and children for the observation of history description of abnormal behavior and summarize the clinical diagnosis of autism is very important. The characteristics and types of emotions of parents of autistic children, will will not affect the early clinical diagnosis and found that autism? After inspection, the related literature at home and abroad has not been reported in detail. This paper gives general information of 60 autistic children and their parents Material statistics, parents' Personality Analysis and emotional assessment, to explore whether there is any correlation between parental disposition and emotional factors for early detection and diagnosis of autistic children, so as to provide evidence for guiding future clinical diagnosis.
Methods: 60 outpatients with autism in the same general information, under the guidance of professionals from the father or mother fill in the autism screening scale (ABC), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), symptom checklist (SCL-90), and in the father or mother help by the same medical personnel to complete the Autism Diagnostic Scale (CARS) assessment. The statistical data input SPSS statistical software, SPSS17.0 software is used to describe the test whether the normal distribution of each factor for statistical data statistics, correlation of each factor for statistical analysis. When the two variables meet the bivariate normal distribution hypothesis, the use of Pearson describes the correlation between two variables, when two variables do not meet the assumptions of normal distribution, the relation between Spearson rank correlation was used to describe the two variables. The correlation coefficient P between different variables, such as P < 0.05, two There is a correlation between variables.
Result錛

本文編號：1533238