本文選題：交通事故 + 深度調(diào)查　； 參考：《重慶理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：道路交通事故已成為當(dāng)今世界首位公共衛(wèi)生問題。在汽車碰撞行人的交通事故中，行人的頭部是受傷害最為頻繁的部位，并且行人受傷后致殘、致死的重要原因是創(chuàng)傷性的顱腦損傷。因此開展汽車碰撞行人的交通事故深度調(diào)查分析及行人顱腦減速傷力學(xué)分析對降低事故發(fā)生及減輕交通事故中行人損傷具有重要的意義。 以采集大量真實(shí)交通事故案例為基礎(chǔ)，通過交通事故現(xiàn)場信息采集、事故現(xiàn)場及事故車輛的回勘、事故人員傷情調(diào)查以及現(xiàn)場執(zhí)法人員提供的相關(guān)材料，充分挖掘現(xiàn)場及痕跡物證的基礎(chǔ)上，開展深度的數(shù)據(jù)采集。在大量交通事故案例中選取典型的案例進(jìn)行顱腦減速損傷仿真再現(xiàn)分析，利用MADYMO多剛體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析軟件仿真分析事故發(fā)生的過程，并借助美國阿拉斯360事故再現(xiàn)軟件對行人顱腦減速傷過程進(jìn)行宏觀快速逼真再現(xiàn)�；贛ADYMO輸出的行人顱腦減速傷的邊界條件；運(yùn)用THUMS4.0人體有限元顱腦模型對行人頭部接觸地面時(shí)的顱腦減速損傷過程微觀分析再現(xiàn)。 本課題在原有事故現(xiàn)場采集方法的基礎(chǔ)上，創(chuàng)新性的提出了一套重慶道路交通事故快速深度采集方法，能夠?qū)κ鹿蔬M(jìn)行全面、準(zhǔn)確、快速的采集，并借助360事故再現(xiàn)軟件進(jìn)行事故過程快速逼真再現(xiàn)。在汽車碰撞行人事故多剛體動(dòng)力學(xué)分析再現(xiàn)中，選取微型面包車、轎車和小型普通客車三種常見車型的行人事故，，輸出了行人頭部接觸地面時(shí)的邊界條件；隨著事發(fā)前汽車速度的提高，事發(fā)時(shí)汽車行人第一次撞擊和地面行人二次撞擊的嚴(yán)重程度不同；運(yùn)用THUMS4.0顱腦有限元模型進(jìn)行損傷再現(xiàn)分析：得到頭部接觸地面時(shí)的應(yīng)力分布及應(yīng)力波傳播情況，仿真結(jié)果與行人傷情相吻合；von-Mises為15kPa左右時(shí)，顱腦會(huì)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷（AIS3+）；顱腦枕部碰撞部位下方的顱骨以及腦組織區(qū)域出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力集中，碰撞的對側(cè)部位也出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力集中區(qū)域；額部減速傷在對側(cè)未發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)力集中區(qū)域。 本文提出的重慶道路交通事故快速深度采集和事故過程快速再現(xiàn)方法引起重慶市執(zhí)法部門的高度關(guān)注，有望在重慶市交通事故現(xiàn)場處理中推廣應(yīng)用。在事故深度調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上，通過MADYMO多剛體動(dòng)力學(xué)、360事故再現(xiàn)軟件和THUMS4.0人體有限元的計(jì)算仿真，逼真的再現(xiàn)事故過程和損傷過程，再現(xiàn)分析了汽車行人交通事故的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)響應(yīng)和顱腦減速傷的損傷機(jī)理，其研究方法和成果為交通事故快速處理、事故再現(xiàn)分析、行人顱腦減速傷的有效防護(hù)提供新的解決思路，具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。
[Abstract]:Road traffic accidents have become the first public health problem in the world. The pedestrian's head is the most frequently injured part in the traffic accident of the pedestrian, and the pedestrian is disabled after the injury. The main cause of death is traumatic brain injury. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate and analyze the depth of pedestrian traffic accident and the mechanical analysis of pedestrian craniocerebral deceleration injury to reduce the accident and reduce the pedestrian injury in the traffic accident. Based on the collection of a large number of real traffic accident cases, through the traffic accident scene information collection, accident scene and accident vehicle survey, accident personnel injury investigation and related materials provided by law enforcement personnel, On the basis of excavating the scene and trace evidence, the deep data collection is carried out. In a large number of traffic accident cases, the typical cases are selected to simulate and reproduce the craniocerebral deceleration injury, and the process of the accident is simulated and analyzed by using the MADYMO multi-rigid body dynamics analysis software. With the aid of Alas 360 accident reappearance software, the process of pedestrian craniocerebral deceleration was reproduced quickly and realistically. The boundary conditions of pedestrian brain deceleration injury based on MADYMO output were analyzed and reproduced by using THUMS4.0 human finite element craniocerebral model when the pedestrian head touched the ground. On the basis of the original method of collecting the accident scene, this paper puts forward a set of fast and deep collecting method of Chongqing road traffic accident innovatively, which can collect the accident comprehensively, accurately and quickly. And with the help of 360 accident reappearance software, the accident process is reproduced quickly and lifelike. In the multi-rigid-body dynamics analysis and reappearance of pedestrian accidents, the pedestrian accidents of minivan, car and minibus are selected, and the boundary conditions of the pedestrian head contact with the ground are outputted. With the increase of vehicle speed before the accident, the severity of the first impact of pedestrian and the secondary impact of pedestrian on the ground are different. The THUMS4.0 finite element model was used to analyze the injury reappearance: the stress distribution and the propagation of stress wave were obtained when the head touched the ground. The simulation results coincided with the pedestrian injuries when 15kPa was about. The stress concentration in the craniocerebral occipital area and the contralateral part of the collision was also observed, and no stress concentration area was found in the frontal deceleration injury on the contralateral side. The methods proposed in this paper for fast deep collection of road traffic accidents and rapid reappearance of accident process have aroused great concern of law enforcement departments in Chongqing and are expected to be popularized and applied in the field treatment of traffic accidents in Chongqing. Based on the investigation of the depth of the accident, the accident process and the damage process are reproduced realistically by the simulation of the MADYMO multi-rigid body dynamics simulation software and the finite element method of the THUMS4.0 human body. The kinematic response of automobile pedestrian traffic accident and the injury mechanism of craniocerebral deceleration injury are analyzed. The research methods and results provide a new solution for the fast handling of traffic accident, the analysis of accident reappearance, and the effective prevention of pedestrian craniocerebral deceleration injury. Have far-reaching significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：U491.31;R651.15

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 丁正林,龔標(biāo),鄭煜;道路交通事故現(xiàn)場勘查技術(shù)的研究[J];中國人民公安大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2005年01期

2 楊志峰;喬維高;高海龍;;汽車與混凝土護(hù)欄碰撞事故分析及仿真研究[J];武漢理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(交通科學(xué)與工程版);2009年06期

3 楊濟(jì)匡;;汽車與行人碰撞中的損傷生物力學(xué)研究概覽[J];汽車工程學(xué)報(bào);2011年03期

4 許樹耘,董凱;交通事故傷1256例分析[J];四川醫(yī)學(xué);1999年05期

5 魏朗，陳蔭三;車對車碰撞事故再現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)模擬系統(tǒng)的研究[J];中國公路學(xué)報(bào);1996年04期

6 李凡;楊濟(jì)匡;;基于車輛-行人碰撞顱腦傷防護(hù)的參數(shù)研究[J];中國機(jī)械工程;2007年09期

7 張明;劉彥普;雷德林;周樹夏;李建虎;;犬頜面部爆炸傷合并顱腦損傷的生物力學(xué)研究[J];中國口腔頜面外科雜志;2006年05期

8 何黎民,吳建國,盧亦成;人顱腦損傷有限元模型研究進(jìn)展[J];中華創(chuàng)傷雜志;2004年06期

9 周繼紅,王正國;我國交通傷研究進(jìn)展[J];中華創(chuàng)傷雜志;2005年01期

10 王正國;交通事故傷研究近況[J];中華創(chuàng)傷雜志;1996年03期

本文編號(hào)：1796164