<正>Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens in the host cells, which include neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, and so on. However,in what way these cells have changed the innate immune responses stays unclear. The immune system is complex and protects from countless diseases. It uses pattern-recognition receptors(PRRs) to recognize evolutionary conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from pathogens [1].

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